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PIP 06-18; OPUS POINT LOT 11; STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN; 2007-04-09
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN For OPUS POINT LOTS 9,10 & 11 P.I.P. 06-17 & 06-18 Prepared: July 2006 Revised: September 2006 Revised: November 2006 J.N.051130-02 Prepared for: OPUS WEST CORPORATION 2020 Main Street, Suite 800 Irvine, CA 92~ 14 Prepared by: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92010 ~ -Timothy O. Carroll RCE 55831 • STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN For OPUS POINT LOTS 9, 10 & 11 P.I.P. 06-17 & 06-18 Prepared: July 2006 Revised: September 2006 Revised: November 2006 J.N. 051130-02 Prepared for: OPUS WEST CORPORATION 2020 Main Street, Suite 800 Irvine, CA 92614 Prepared by: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 920 1 a Timothy O. Carroll RCE 55831 Date Table of Contents Section 1.0 -Vicinity Map Section 2.0 -Project Description Section 3.0 -Site Map Section 4.0 -Pollutants and Conditions of Concern Pollutants of Concern • Name and Number of Carlsbad Watershed Hydrological Unit Impaired Water Bodies Downstream of the Project and Impairment • San Diego Region Hydrologic Units, Areas, and Subareas (Fig. 1-2) • 2002 California 303 (d) List and TMDL Priority Schedule (list) • Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist (Appendix A) • Construction Site Priority (part D) • Standard Development Project & Priority Project Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix (Table 1) Conditions of Concern Section 5.0 -Site Design BMPs Section 6.0 -Source Control BMPs Fact & Maintenance Requirement Sheets for: • Efficient Irrigation (SD-12) • Storm Drain Signage (SD-13) Section 6.0 -Source Control BMPs (cont.) • Trash Storage Areas (SD-32) • Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup (SC-II) • Parking/Storage Maintenance (SC-43) • Road and Street Maintenance (SD-70) • Landscape Maintenance (SC-73) • Drainage System Maintenance (SC-74) Section 7.0 -Structural Treatment BMPs • Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type (Table 2) • Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards (Table 3) • Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix (Table 4) • Fact Sheets for BMPs - Including Inspection, Maintenance, Costs and Training for: • Multiple System (TC-60) • Drainage Inserts with "Bio Clean" Grated Inlets with Hydrocarbon Absorption Booms (MP-52 & Manufacturer's Information) Section 8.0 -Post Construction BMPs Maintenance Cost Responsibilities I:\OSl130\SUSMP\Lot9-1 0-11 \Cover & TOC.doc • SECTION 1 • • CITY PACifiC OCEAIi ----~. ""yt p . i CITY OF' (NCINITAS VICINITY ,WAP /It) SCALf: • SECTION 2 • • • • • '- Section 2.0 Project Description The construction project is located on Lots 9, 10 & 11 of Carlsbad Raceway, Map No. 15013, with respective acreages of 2.18,2.31 & 4.62 AC., City of Carlsbad Tract No. C.T. 98-07. These lots are located north of Palomar Airport road and east of the proposed Melrose Drive extension on the proposed Lionshead Avenue just south of the City of Vista and City of Carlsbad boundary. This project is currently involved in the review process for a City of Carlsbad conditional permit under Planned Industrial Permit (PIP) No. 06-17 & 06-18. The project will consist of developing 2 previously mass graded pads currently sloping at 2.5% to the northwest into industrial sites. The main project features include: re-grading the pads to create level areas for the buildings, construction of waterlines, storm drain lines, private sewer laterals, underground telephones, electric and gas lines, new curbs, islands and parking areas, and the construction of the buildings. Once developed, the runoff from the site closely follows the existing drainage, with the resulting flow outletting into a pollution control basin prior to being discharged into a creek ultimately draining into Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Drainage off of the lot is conveyed to the existing points of discharge through a series of pipes, inlets and catch basins that will be maintained privately. Prior to reaching the lagoon, the storm water flows through an existing naturally formed detention basin abutting the east side of Melrose Drive. Per ali analysis performed by Rick Engineering, this detention basin is adequately sized to provide detention of the 1 OO-year developed condition flows from this site so that the release rates from the basin remain the same as those found during the pre- developed (prior to mass grading) conditions. Therefore, no adverse effects from scouring or flooding are expected to occur downstream of the overall project site . • SECTION 3 • • SECTION 4 .. Section 4.0 Pollutants of Concern Based upon the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (9), the site is located in the Hydrologic Unit 904.31 and ultimately drains into Agua Hedionda Lagoon. According to the 2002 CWA 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments for the San Diego Basin(9), this watershed is tagged by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board as receiving storm water runoff with high coliform counts (low priority) and sedimentation/siltation (low priority). See the attached Hydrologic Unit Map and List. 7 \ • GRAPHIC SCALE o .. IIIIL.I. Nt-, LEGEND ____ DRAINAGE PROVINCE BOUNDARY ---HYDROLOGIC UNIT BOUNDARY HYDROLOGIC AREA BOUNDARY ................... HYDROLOGIC SUI;IAREA BOUNDARY FIGURE 1 .. 2. SAN DIEGO REGION HYDROLOGIC UNITS AREAS, AND SUBAREAS FIGURE 1·2 INTRODUCTION t ·7 September 8, 1894 R.H.lO!' ') ') ') ? ') .' ~ "' .... 2.CWA SECTION 303(d) LIST OF WAT:lelUALITY LIMITED SEGMENT SAN DIEGO REGiONAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD CALWATER POTENTIAL ' .. ~ .. ', TMDL . ESTIMATED 1\ .. 1:: I\AME WATERSHED POLLlll'ANT/STRESSOR SOURCES P.R(ORlTY SIZE AFFECTED R :\gua lIedionda Creek 90431000 Total Dissolved Solids Low 7 Miles Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown NonpoiDt Souree Unknown point source .. : Agua llediunda Lagoon 90431000 Bacteria Indicators Low 6,8 Acres NonpointiPoint Source Sedimentation/Siltation Low 6.8 Acres NonpointiPoint Source it . Ali!>o Creek 90113U00 Bacteria Indicators Medium 19 Miles Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Uululown point source NoupointJPoint Source PbO!>pborus Low 19 Miles ImpUlrment localed at lower 4 miles, Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown Noupoint Souree Unknown point source Toxicity Low 19 Miles Urban Runoff/Stprm Sewers UnIwown Noupoint Souree Unlwowu.point source l'. .\lil>O (·reel.. {muuth) 90113000 Bll'cteria Indicators Medium 0.29 Acres NonpoiutiPoint Source 1:. Buena Vista Lagoon 904210tl0 Bacteria indicators Low 202 Acres NonpointJPoint Source !'IIutrients Low 202 Acres Esllmaled see of Impairment is 150 acres located in'upper portion a/lagoon. NonpointJPoint Source Sedimentatiun/Siltation Medium 202 Acres NonpointJPoint Source Pagel uf16 AJlprol· ... u • "-1'," fY' :.yJWl'OSED T~L COMPLETION • • Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 APPENDIX A .. " , , STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine' your project's permanent .and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Sectlo~ 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water aMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water aMP Requirements" in Section III, I'Permanent Storm Water aMP Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all a.,swers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part a are "Yes," your project is only sU,bject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No." ,your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. ' Part A~ Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements. Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories?· Yes No 1. Detached residential development of 10 or more units X' 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units X 3. Commercial develoDment greater than 100,000 SQuare feet' X 4. Autbmotive repair shop x 5. Restaurant X 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet >c 7. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentalj~ Sensitive Areas X' 8. Pa~king lots' greater than or equal to 5,000 ft" or with at least 15 parking spaces, and : potentiallY exposed to urban runoff X 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that Is )< 5,000 s~uare feet or greater * Refer:to the definitions section in the Storm Water Standards for expanded definitions of the priority project categories. L1mitedExclusion: Trenching and resurfaCing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A Is met. Ifall answers to Part A are "No", continue'to Part B. ;;.-Storm Water Standards ! .4103/03 Part B: Determine S dP tandar ermanen t St orm W t R a er t equ remen s. ~ Does the project propose: Yes No 1. New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and X sidewalks? 2. New Dervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? >< 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? >< 4. Trash storace areas? .k 5. liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? X 6. Vehicle or eauipment fuelino. washlno. or maintenance areas? . . X 7. Require a General NPDes Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with )< Industrial Activities (Except constructlon)?* 8. Commercial or Industrial waste handling or storage, excludl~g typical office or K household waste? 9. Anv oradino or ground disturbance durina construction? . X 10. Any new storm drains, or alteration to existino storm drains? X *To find out if your project is required to obtain an· individual General NPOeS Permit for Storm W~~er Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board .web site at, www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtrllndustri~l.html Section 2. Construction .Storm Water BMP ReqUirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered ''Yes," your project is sutlject to ~ection IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must ~repare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer tQ qu~stion 1 .is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water. BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan "( WPCP). If every q uestion in P art Cis answered "No," your project is exempt from any construction storm wat~r 8MP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction sitc;t prioritization in Part 0, below.· . P rtC 0 t c t ti Ph St W t R t a . e ermine ons rue on ase orm a er equlremen s. . Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? Yes No 1. Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Olscharaes Associated With Construction Activities? X· 2. Does th~ project propose grading or soil disturbance? X 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the X construction area including washing and staOing areas? 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and X stucco)? Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part D:: Determine Constr~ct~on Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water 8MP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium or low. This prioritization must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the S~PPP or WPC,P. Indicate the project's prior~ty in one of the check boxes using the crit~ria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type, of activiti~s necessary to complete the construction and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change construction 8MP requirements that. apply to projects; all constructlon,8MP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See Section IV.1 for more details on construction BMP requirements.] !XI A) High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season 2) Projects 5 I;lcres or more. 3) 'Projects 5 acres, or more within or directly , adjacent to or di~charging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive are~ Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies o BJ Medium Priority 1) Capital'lmprovement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (i.e'., water and 'sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening. comfort stations, etc.) 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and. gutter for an, entire street frontage, etc. , however SWPPPs are not required. I 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, Notice Of Intents (NOls) and SWPPPs are not required. o C) Low Priority 1) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls. etc. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single~family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 When referred to this Section, by Step 2 of Section II, complete the analysis required for your project in the sl:Jbsections of Section 111.1 below. 1. IDENTIFY POLLUr ANTS & CONDITIONS OF CONCERN A. Identify Pollutants from the Project Area Using Table 1, identify the project's anticipated pollutants. Pollutants associated with any ha~ardous material sites ·that have b~en remediated or are n(jt threatened by the propot?ed project are not considered a pollutant of concern. Projects meeting the definiti~n of more than one project category shall identify all general pollutant categories that apply. Ta bl 2 Anti ltd d P t tf I P II t t G a • clpa e an o an a o u art s t db L dU T anara a ,y an sa rype. General Pollutant Cate9.-ories Project Trash Oxygen Bacteria Categorl;s Heavy Organic & Demanding Oil & & Sediments Nutrients Metals Compounds Debris Substances Grease Viruses . Pesticides Detached Residential X X X X X· X X Development Attached Residential X X X p(1) P(2) P(1) X Development Commercial Development PII) P(1) PIll) X P(5) X P(3) . PIS) >100,000112 Automotive X X(41(5) X X Repair Restaurants X X X X Hillside' Development X X X X X X >5,000 ft2 Parking Lots PIt) pm X X pm X P(1) Streets, Highways & X P(t) x X X(4) X PIS) X Freeways X = anticipated P = potential (1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site. (2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas. (3) A potential pollutant if land use involves food or animal waste products. (4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons. 15} Including solvents. I.'''' Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 . Table 1. Stan d dO ar eve opment p . t & P I 't P . t St rOJec r amy raJec arm W t BMPR a er ~ulrements Matrix. BMPs Applicable to Individual . Priority Project Categories(31 .. ~ m J g!. m ('IJ (3 ~ en .Q) C) ~ ~ ~ . .c 'a .~ i > ('IJ ~ f i a~ III .c S I J!I m s ~ .... e .§ &! Ii 5 n. n. .f '-t 16~ c ~ i j .~ C) OJ JM ~ JY ~ "0 C ~ Sit. Soure. ·c ~ ~ m ~ Treatment 0.. :J: Design Control cd ..a d -d 'cD m .c Control SMPs/I, BMPs". ....: .-.... BMPs(4 S.tandard Projects R R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Priority prolects: Detached Residential R R R R R S. DeveloDment Attached R~sldenllal R R R S Development Commercial Development @ 0) ~ R R R @ >100 000 ft2 AutomoUve Repair Shop R R R R R R R S Restaurants R R R R S Hillside Deveklpment R R R R S >5,OOOftl Parking Lots @ (R) ~ (V Streets, Highways & R R S Freeways . R = Required; select one or more applicable and appropriate BMPs from the applicable steps In Section III.2.A·D, or equivalent as identified In Appendix C. o = Optionall or may be required by City staff. As appropriate. applicants are encouraged to incorporate treatment control BMPs and BMPs applicable to individual priority project categories into the project design. City staff may require one or more of these BMPs, where appropriate. S = Select one or mare applicable and appropriate treatment control BMPs from Appendix C. (1) Refer to SecHon 1I1.2.A. (2) Refer to Section 1I1.2.B. (3) Priority project categories must apply specific storm water BMP requireme'nts, where applicable. Priority projects are subject 10 the requirements of all priority project categories that apply. . (4) Refer to Section ilt.2.D. . . (5) Applies if the paved area totals >5,000 square feet or with >15 parking spaces andis ~otentially exposed 1o ,urban runoff. • Conditions of Concern 1. See the hydrology/hydraulic study prepared specifically for this lot (attached in Section 9.0). This study includes calculations for the design of the storm drain conveyance system prior to the connection with and including portions of both the private and public storm drain system designed as part of the Carlsbad Raceway C.T. 98-10 Mass Grading and Improvement Plans (City of Carlsbad Drawing Nos. 409-1 A and 409-1, respectively). 2. The existing Site drains into a branch of Agua Hedionda Creek, passing under Melrose Drive through a 10 foot wide by 7 feet high reinforced concrete box culvert. 3. See the excerpt from "Rancho Carlsbad Channel & Basin Project", prepared by Rick Engineering Company for the City of Carlsbad for the detention facility at Melrose Drive to account for any increase in runoff created by this project. 8 • SECTION 5 • • • c. Section 5.0 Site Design BMPs See Site Map (in Section 3.0) 1. Of the 7.28 acres to be disturbed on site, approximately 1.32 acres will be peNious landscape area, and will be mostly in the fOrln of landscaping around the building or islands in the parking areas. 2. Impervious areas have been designed to drain into vegetated swales prior to discharge into the storm water conveyance system to.the maximum extent practicable. 3. Water quality catch basin and curb inlet inserts are to be installed in all of the site's collection structures collecting runoff from pollution generating surfaces (those that are subjected to vehicular traffic) to decrease the amount of pollutants entering the storm drainage system. See Section 7.0 for literature discussing the capabilities of such BMPs. 4. The new storm drain system consists of 3 separate reaches, each connect to private storm drain laterals which confluence with a municipal storm drain system, constructed per the improvement plans for Carlsbad Raceway, Drawing No. 409-1. Drainage is conveyed through the municipal system to a pollution removal basin. Runoff will outlet from the pollution removal basin and continue downstream to the Melrose Drive detention system (as discussed by Rick Engineering Company in Section 9.0). Flows discharging from this detention system will be at the rates found for the undeveloped condition of the site. 5. All the slopes and landscape areas will have permanent landscaping consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. 9 • SECTION 6 '. • Section 6.0 Source Control BMPs. 1. Hazardous materials with potential to contaminate urban runoff will not be stored on-site. 2. Trash storage areas will be built according to the City of Carlsbad Standard Drawing GS-16. The areas will be paved with an impervious surface, graded to drain away from the enclosure, screened and walled to prevent off-site transport of trash. Trash containers will contaiFi attached lids. 3. The project will use efficient irrigation systems and landscape design to include rain shut-off devices to prevent irrigation during precipitation, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Irrigation systems will be designed to each landscape area's specific water requirements consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. (See Fact Sheet SD- 12) 4. Existing hillside areas disturbed by the project development shall be landscaped with deep rooted drought tolerant plant speCies selected for erosion control, in accordance with Carlsbad Landscape Manual. 5. The storm drain inlets will be provided with signage of prohibitive language (e.g. "No Dumping -I Live Downstream") satisfactory to the City Engineer. (See Fact Sheet SD-13) 6. Private Roads/Parking Areas: The entire site will drain into a new storm drain system constructed with inlet baskets at all inlets, catch basins and area drains. 7. Street and parking areas to be maintained (SC-43 & SC-70). 8. Landscape areas to be maintained (SC-73). 9. Storm drains to be maintained (SC-74). 10 Efficient Irrigation 5D-12 Design -Objectives .1 Maximize Infiltration ./ Provide Retention ./ Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Description Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being conveyed into stor~water drainage systems. Approach Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of irrigation water that mini~ze runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance system. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single":'family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.) . D~sign Considerations Designing New Installations The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee: • Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation. • Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements. • Include design featuring flow reducers or sh utoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken sprin~ler heads or lines. • Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions, which may include provision of water sensors, programmable irrigation times (for short cycles), etc. January 2003 1 of 4 Efficient Irrigation • Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the lJlnoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water drainage system. • Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and promote surface filtration; Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example, native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as: Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to minimize sediment in runoff Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as recommended by the landscape architect Leaving a vegetative. barrier along the property boundary and interior watercourses, to act as a pollutant filter, where appropria~e and feasible Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain growth ~. EmploY other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff. ( _develOping Existing Installations . . Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) . define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations'" above should be followed. . . Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. "lQ'Qt6U'Hii!/fiti1i!1CN$'ii'Si7'P'"';msm5D;,!er~+?iiGF"ett#1?ffir·;=:E7rMi";;'-7'S7N"5'i"G"9U""":MiH'N!2?f!E.m;;;:;3?9VF--7mFli3iiirprm.i'Sj'"9'Sjr=z=zn=m· ?&MZ'l5rmrn!~arnn:!.lR!'W"F" 2 of 2 California Stormwater B[I<lP Handbook .January 2003 tl.1_ ••• -._ •• _1 ___ -._'"' __ ..A "_-'_ •• _1 _____ 10. ~ .. e· Storm Drain Signage Description Design Objectives Maximize Infiltration Provide Retention Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land . Coverage ./ Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have severe impacts on receiving and ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets. . Approach The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages have become a popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste disposal. . Suitable Applications Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain. Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial, and industrial areas, as well as any other area where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely .. Design Considerations Storm drain message markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets within the boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward anyone approaching the inlet from either side. All storm drain inlet loc~tions should be . identified on the development site map. Designing New Installations The following methods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show on project plans: • Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch basins, constructed or modified, within the project area with prohibitive language. Examples include "NO DUMPING- January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook :'::'.'?'::,~ C \ S' Q A _ ~;;\f~.' .i ~.~._._ .. _ .. _ : . t:\ California "', . Stormwater Quality . Asso~fatlon 1 of 2 Storm Drain Signage %49 eq ...... !w ... w· ... 'Mi?;P #JWDij F* DRAINS TO OCEAN" and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. • Post signs with prohibitive language and/or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal dumping at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area. Note -Some local agencies have approved specific signage and/or storm drain message placards for use. Consult local agency stormwater staff to determine specific requirements for placard types and methods of application. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land dist.urbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. If the project meets the definition of "redevelopment'·, then the . requirements stated under" designing new ins~a1lations" above should be included in all project design plans. . Additional Information Maintenance Considerations • Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. Ifrequired by the agency with • jurisdiction overthe project, the owner/operator or homeowner·s association should enter into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the property title to maintain the legibility of placards or signs. Placement • Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade. • Signage on face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms. Supplemental Information Examples • Most MS4 programs have storm drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002 . .. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. caentura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control :\Ieasures, WJtlY2002. 20U California Storrnwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Trash Storage Areas \iiiiii' Description Trash storage areas are areas where a trash receptacle (s) are located for use as a repository for solid wastes. Stormwater runoff from areas where trash is stored or disposed of can be polluted. In addition, loose trash and debris can be easily -, transported by water or wind into nearby storm drain inlets, channels, and/or creeks. Waste handling operations that may be, sources of stormwater pollution include dumpsters, litter control, and waste piles. Approach This fact sheet contains details on the specific measures required to prevent or reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff associated with trash storage and handling. Preventative measures including enclosures, containment structures, and impervious pavements to mitigate spills, should be used to reduce the likelihood of contamination. Suitable Applications 5D-32 Design Objectives Maximize Infllttation Provide Retention Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper ' Materials ./ Contain Pollutants Collect and,Convey Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.) Design Considerations Design requirements for waste handling areas are governed by Building and Fire Codes, and by curr~nt local agency ordinances and zoning require~ents. Tpe design criteria described in this fact sheet are meant to enhance and be consistent with these code and ordina.nce requirements. Hazardous waste should be handled in accordance with legal requirements established in Title 22, California Code of Regulation. ' Wastes from commercial and industrial sites are typically hauled by either public or commercial carriers that may have design or access requirements for waste storage areas. The design criteria in this fact sheet are recommendations and are not intended to be in conflict with requirements established by the waste hauler. The waste hauler should be contacted prior to the design of your site trash collection areas. Conflicts or issues should be discussed with the local agency. Designing New Installations Trash storage areas should be designed to consider the following structural or treatment control BMPs: ~ Design trash container areas so that drainage from adjoining roofs and pavement is diverted around the area(s) to avoid run-on. This might include berming or grading the waste handling area to prevent run-on of stormwater. J ;\'{ake sure trash container areas are screened or walled to prevent off-site transport of trash. ':-;: •• :.. .~~.-,.'};...,." "'i~":":-!"";:'~:':'t:';:;:'l'.'::'i::."i.u..=:,·_ .!!~!:Z. '-:':'I:.·~ .. ..::.::...·.:.:.:cs. • .!.:~'"CZ.·tr!~:;lt;,.r~(;""I:D-') 1·...u.::...ua5. • ..::::'I.~~·~L)";.·~ .. ~:.;: '.r-: .. "!!.",,~~. ::L.o;"~t"~_~~';t. 1'J.."!"l1!.!~ . .:!t.....!&!l January 2003 Califomia Stormwdter 8M? HandbOOK 1 0(2 New Development and Redevelopment Trash Storage Areas §f ; • Use lined bins or dumpsters to reduce leaking ofliquid waste. • Provide roofs, awnings, or attached lids on all trash containers to minimize direct precipitation and prevent rainfall from entering containers. • Pave trash storage areas with an impervious surface to mitigate spills. • Do not locate storm drains in immediate vicinity of the trash storage area. • Post signs on all dumpsters informing users that hazardous materials are not to be disposed of therein. Redeveloping Existing Installation. Various jurisdictionai stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMll, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whet4er or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. cAAdditlonal Information "'Maintenance Considerations TIle integrity of structural elements that are subject to damage (i.e., screens, covers, and signs) must be maintained by the owner/operator. Maintenance agreements between the local agency and the owner/operator may be required. Some agencies will require maintenance deed restrictions to be recorded of the property title. If required by the local agency, maintenance agreements or deed restrictions must be executed by the owner/operator before improvement plans are approved. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 5iP ' _.remsmn 2 of 2 n.zmns California Stormwater BMP Handbook Npw Develooment and Redevelopment january 2003 • Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup SC-l1 • • Description Many activities that occur at an industrial or commercial site have the potential to cause accidental or illegal spills. Preparation for accidental or illegal spills, with proper training and reporting systems implemented, can minimize the discharge of pollutants to the environment. Spills and leaks are one of the largest contributors of stormwater pollutants. Spill prevention and control plans are applicable to any site at which hazardous materials are stored or used. An effective plan should have spill prevention and response procedures that identify potential spill areas, specify material handling procedures, describe spill response procedures, and provide spill clean-up equipment. The plan should take steps to identify and characterize potential spills, eliminate and reduce spill potential, respond to spills when they occur in an effort to prevent pollutants from entering the stormwater drainage system, and train personnel to prevent and control future spills. Approach Pollution Prevention • Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems. Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures. • Develop a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. The plan should include: January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nubients Trash Metals ./ Bacteria Oil and Grease ./ Organics ./ ··,,~~\.C d!._~ 9. ~ >t. • California :-. ~ Stormwater , Quality Association 1 of 9 (. setS 11 'Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup (. • E i *S Hlp! $9'+ e·g§!@f3;;P·B+.fuW .... kl#¥"* *+ ... +#2 9aR·,· ....... + ...... + ,. Description of the facility, owner and address, activities and chemicals present Facility map Notification and evacuation procedures Cleanup instructions Identification of responsible departments Identify key spill response personnel • Recycle, reclaim, or reuse materials whenever possible. This will reduce the amount of process materials that are brought into the facility. Suggested Protocols (including equipment needs) Spill Prevention • Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems. Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures. • If consistent illegal dumping is observed at the facility: Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting illegal dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties applicable for illegal dumping. Landscaping and beautification efforts may also discourage illegal dumping. Bright lighting and/or entrance barriers may also be needed to discourage illegal dumping. • Store and contain liquid materials in such a manner that if the tank Is ruptureil, the contents will not discharge, flow, or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters, or groundwater. • If the liquid is oil, gas, or other material that separates from and floats on water, install a spill control device (such as a tee section) in the catch basins that collects runoff from the storage tank area. • Routine maintenance: 2 of 9 Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted taps, and at all potential drip and spill locations during filling and unloading of tanks. Any collected liquids or soiled absorbent materials must be reused/recycled or properly disposed. Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near the tank storage area; and ensure that employees are familiar with the site's spill control plan and/or proper spill cleanup procedures. Sweep and clean the storage area monthly if it is paved, do not hose doiun the area to a storm drain. California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 :tt f • Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-l1 bH lii?M && ,>9 = :WRKWW WI.. ..IMa iF ~ +* 9"JW£~ Mae ifW _ £0. • Check tanks (and any containment sumps) daily fQr leaks and spills. Replace tanks that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with tanks in good condition. Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them. • Label all containers according to their contents (e.g., solvent, gasoline). • Label hazardous substances regarding the potential hazard (corrosive, radioactive, flammable, explosive, poisonous). • Prominently display required labels on transported hazardous and toxic materials (per us DOT regulations). • Identify key spill response personnel. Spill Control and Cleanup Activities • Follow the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. • Clean up leaks and spills immediately. • Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials whe~e it will be readily accessible (e.g., near storage and maintenance areas) . • On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a ~ag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous. then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and mustbe sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. Physical methods for the cleanup of dry chemicals include the use of brooms, shovels, sweepers, or plows. • Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly. • Chemical cleanups of material can be achieved with the use of adsorbents, gels, and foams. Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. • For larger spills. a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary. Reporting . • Report spills that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment to the Regional Water Quality Control Board. • Federal regulations require that any oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424-8802 (24 hour). • Report spills to local agencies, such as the fire department; they can assist in cleanup. • Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following: Types and quantities (in ~ome cases) of wastes Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 9 • SC=ll Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup • .... 0 e -- -F !FfPiih#!W;-fd5· : ..... i £" ...... ' ..... + ffi' 0#1 "WM Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills) Responsible parties Training • Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup. • Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills: The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. . • Employees should be educated about aboveground storage tank requirements. Employees responsible for aboveground storage tanks and liquid transfers should be thoroughly familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan and the plan should be readily available . • Train employees to recognize and report illegal dumping incidents. Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations) • State regulations exist for facilities with a storage capacity of 10,000 gallons or more of petroleum to prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SpeC) Plan (Health & Safety Code Chapter 6.67). • State regulations also exist for storage of hazardous materials (Health & Safety Code Chapter 6.95), including the preparation of area and business plans for emergency response to the releases or threatened releases. • Consider requiring smaller secondary containment areas (less than 200 sq. ft.) to be connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any hard connections to the storm drain. Requirements Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance) • Will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls. • Prevention ofleaks and spills is inexpensjve. Treatment andlor disposal of contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive. Maintenance (including administrative and staffing) • This BMP has no major administrative or staffing requirements. However, extra time is needed to properly handle and dispose of spills, which results in increased labor costs. 4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup SC-l1 is ¥i ffr.... sdaM,..,,,,,,.,,.,,,,? Hi S Supplemental InformCJtion Further Detail a/the BMP Reporting Record keeping and internal reporting represent good operating practices because they can incr~ase the efficiency of the facility and the effectiveness of BMPs. A good record keeping system helps the facility minimize incident recurrence, correctly respond with appropriate cleanup activities, and comply with legal requirements. A record keeping and reporting system should be set up for documenting spills, leaks, and other discharges, including discharges of hazardous substances in reportable quantities. Incident recordsdescn'bethe quality and quantity of non-stormwater discharges to the storm seWer. These records should contain the following information: • Date and time of the incident • Weather conditions • Duration of the spill/leak/discharge • Cause of the spill/leak/discharge • Response procedures implemented • Persons notified • Environmental problems associated with the spillJleak/ discharge Separate record keeping systems should be established to document housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections, and training activities. All housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections should be documented. Inspection documentation should contain the following information: • The date and time the inspection was performed • Name of the inspector • Items inspected • Problems noted • Corrective action required • Date corrective action was taken Other means to document and record inspection results are field notes, timed and dated photographs, videotapes, and drawings and maps. Aboveground Tank Leak and Spill Control . Accidental releases of materials from aboveground liquid storage tanks present the potential for contaminating stormwater with many different pollutants. Materials spilled~ leaked, or lost. from January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of 9 • SC-l1 Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup I#tNM3± -..-9 te ffi *P**!&z"MSAA·'?" ..... ., 4 ... ·%& ! tanks may accumulate in soils or on impervious surfaces and be carri~d away by stormwater runoff. The most common causes of unintentional releases are: • Installation problems • Failure of piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves) • External corrosion and structural failure • Spills and overfills due to operator error • Leaks during pumping ofliquids or gases from truck or rail car toa storage tank or vice versa Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire Code and the National Electric Code. Practices listed below should be employe4 to enhance the code requirements: • Tanks should be placed in a designated area. • Tanks located in areas where firearms are discharged should be encapsulated in concrete or the equivalent. • Designated areas should be impervious and paved with Portland cement concrete, free of cracks and gaps, in order to contain leaks and spills. • Liquid materials should be stored in UL approved double walled tanks or surrounded by a curb or dike to provide the volume to contain 10 percent of the volume of all of the containers or 110 percent of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. The area inside the curb should slope to a drain. ,- • For used oil or dangerous waste, a dead-end sump should be installed in the drain. • All other liquids should be drained to the sanitary sewer if available. The drain must have a positive control such as a lock, valve, or plug to prevent release of contaminated liquids. • Accumulated stormwater in petroleum storage areas should be passed through an oil/water separator. Maintenance is critical. to preventing leaks and spills. Conduct routine inspections and: • Check for external corrosion and structural failure. • Check for spills and overfills due to operator error. • Check for failure of piping system (pipes, pumps, flanger, coupling, hoses, and valves), • Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage facility or vice versa. 6 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 ~-•• Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup SC-l1 • Visually inspect new tank or container installation for loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets. • Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look for corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the tank or container system. • Frequently relocate accumulated stormwater during the wet season. • Periodically conduct i~tegrity testing by a qualified professional; Vehicle Leak and Spill Control Major spills on roadways and other public areas are generally handled by highly trained Hazmat teams from IQcal fire departments or environmental health departments. The measures listed below pertain to leaks and smaller spills at vehicle maintenance shops. In addition to implementing the spill prevention, control, and clean up practices above, use the following measures related to specific activities: Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance • Perform all vehicle fluid removal or changing inside or under cover to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills. • Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment onsite. • Always use secondary containment, ~uch as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. • Immediately drain all fluids from wrecked vehicles. • Store wrecked vehicles or damaged equipment under cover. • Place drip pans or absorbent materials under heavy equipment when not in use. • Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. • Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. • Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip pans or other open containers lying around. • Oil filters disposed of in trashcans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate stormwater. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com 7 of 9 ~- , • SC-l1 Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup • Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling • Design the fueling area to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills: Cover fueling area if possible. Use a perimeter drain or slope pavement inward with drainage to a sump. Pave fueling area with concrete rather than asphalt. • If dead-end sump' is not used to collect spills, install an oil/water separator. • Install vapor recovery nozzles to help control drips as well as air pollution. • Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks. • Use secondary containment when transferring fuel from the tank truck to the fuel tank. • Use adsorbent materials on small spills and general cleaning rather than hosing down the area. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly. • Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding underground storage tanks, or install above ground tanks. • Do not use mobile fueling of mobile industrial equipment around the facility; rallier, transport the equipment to designated fueling areas. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date. • Train employees in proper fueling and cleanup procedures. Industrial Spill Prevention Response For the purposes of developing a spill prevention and response program to meet the stormwater regulations, facility managers should use information provided in this fact sheet and the spill prevention/response portions of the fact sheets in this handbook, for specific activities. The program should: • Integrate with existing emergency response/hazardous materials programs (e.g., Fire Department) • Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems • Identify responsible departments • Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures • Address spills at municipal facilities, as well as public areas 8 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • CIt, Spill Prevention, Control &. Cleanup SC-l1 WAH wsw + 'wra,saM4w;pMigpp:;.._'''' • Provide training concerning spill prevention, response and cleanup to all appropriate personnel References and Resources California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan htl;p:/lwww.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://www.co.clark.wa.uslpubworks/bmpman.pdf King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvUlppp.org The Stormwater Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com 9 of 9 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance. SC-43 Description Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of substances, such as trash, suspended solids, hydrocarbons, oil and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters through stormwater runoff or non-stormwater discharges. The following protocols are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from parking/storage areas and include using good housekeeping practices, following appropriate cleaning BMPs, and training employees. Approach Pollution Prevention • Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for impervious parking lots. (See New Development and Redevelopment BMP Handbook). • Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP implementation. Suggested Protocols General • Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. • Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and/or infiltration devices. • Utilize sand filters or oleophilic collectors for oily waste in low concentrations. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP HCjndbook MuniCipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment ., Nutrients ., Trash ., Metals ., Bacteria ., Oil and Grease ., Organics ., Oxygen Demanding ., ';. 'C ~:\ S 9. A .. . ~ California . Stormwater Quality AsSOCiation 1 of 4 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance __ &1&9#*4.£# ¥. . • Arrange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved surfaces. • Design lot to include semi-permeable hardscape. Controlling Litter • Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. • Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter. • Routinely sweep, shovel and dispose of litter in the trash. Sur/ace cleaning • Use dry cleaning methods (e.g. sweeping or vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants into the stormwater conveyance system. Establish frequency of public parking lot sweeping based on usage and field observations of waste accumulation. . • Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season. • If water is used follow the procedures below: Block the storm drain or contain runoff. Wash water should be collected and pumped to the sanitary sewer or discharged to a pervious surface, do not allow wash water to enter storm drains. Dispose of parking lot sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill. • When cleaning heavy oily deposits: Use absorbent materials on oily spots prior to sweeping or washing. Dispose of used absorbents appropriately. Surface Repair • Pre-heat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from ~torm drain inlets. • Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination form contacting stormwater runoff. • Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and ma,nholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc., where applicable. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. 2of4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43 'f4 we', feb"_." 11£ 1 5 Sd '0" % 2 %is''' 'iw±e&p" '''-' • Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Inspection • Have designated personnel conduct inspections of the parking facilities and stormwater conveyance systems associated with them on a regular basis. • Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis. Training • Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved areas and proper operation of equipment. • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan tip-to-date, nad implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities may include high equipment costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to remove oil and grease. Requirements Costs Cleaning/sweeping costs can be quite large, construction and maintenance of stormwater structural controls can be quite expensive as well. Maintenance • Sweep parking lot to minimize cleaning with water. • Clean out oil/water/sand separators regularly, especially after heavy storms. • Clean parking facilities on a regular basis to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 4 I _______ ------.J ~- .• SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance sjlAgpg.&i3ri .... £& .... wa 9'S,lnt!BKI p-,.., *'*' Nl Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Surface Repair Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination form contacting storm water runoff. "Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. References and Resources http://www.stormwat~rcenter.net/ California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan htt;p:/lwww.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality control Board. July 1998 (Revised February 2002 by the California Coastal Commission). Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA) ht!;p:llwww.basma.org San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) htt;p:!!www.projectc1eanwater.org/pdf/Model%20Program%20Municipal%20Facilities.pdf 4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 •• .c. ( Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • ReducelMlnlmlze • Product Substitution Targ.sted Constituents Sediment' ./ Description Nutrients Streets, roads. and highways are significant sources of pollutants in stormwater discharges, and operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, if not conducted properly, can contribute to the problem. Stormwater pollution from roadway and bridge maintenance should be addressed on a site-specific basis. Use of the procedures outlined below, that address street sweeping and repair, bridge a.nd structure maintenance, and unpaved roads will red~ce pollutants in stormwater. Approach Pollution Pret1ention • Use the least toxic materials available (e.g. water based paints, gels or sprays for graffiti removal) • Recycle paint and other materials whenever possible. • Enlist the help of citizens to keep yard waste, used oil, and other wastes out of the gutter. Suggested Protocols Street Sweeping and Cleaning • Maintain a consistent sweeping schedule. Provide minimum monthly sweeping of curbed streets. II Perform street cleaning during dry weather if possible. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com v Trash· ./ Metals ./ Bacteria on and Grease ./ Organl~ ./ Oxygen Demanding ./ x'r~ ,f"< .\ S .QA .-. fi\-":!....!--··~· .. -.:...~-.- t'), .l CalifornIa ; .. ~~ Stormwater i . i." Ouality • .,.: .) < Association , -.,.( '==na:m:n=rnr ~ lorg Road and Street Maintenance ...... F*E iF .... kPfa .. wi§W '?iAA'''' - • Avoid wet cleaning or flushing of street, and utilize dry methods where possible. • Consider increasing sweeping frequency based on factors such as traffic volume, land use, field observations of sediment and trash accumulation, proximity to water courses, etc. For example: Increase the sweeping frequency for streets with high pollutant loadings, especially in high traffic and industrial areas. Increase the sweeping frequency just before the wet season to remove sediments accumulated during the summer. Increase the sweeping frequency for streets in special problem areas such as special events, high litter or erosion zones. • Maintain clea~ing equipment in good working condition and purcbase replacement equipment as needed. Old sweepers should be replaced with new technologically advanced sweepers (preferably regenerative air sweepers) that maximize pollutant removal. • Operate sweepers at manufacturer requested optimal speed levels to increase effectiveness. . • • To increase sweeping effectiveness consider the following: ~. Institute a parking policy to restrict parking in problematic areas during periods of street sweeping. Post permanent street sweeping signs in problematic areas; use temporary ~igns if installation of permanent signs is not possible. Develop and distribute flyers notifying residents of street sweeping schedUles. • Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • If available u~e vacuum or regenerative air sweepers in the high sediment and trash areas (typically industrialfcommercial). • Keep accurate logs of the number of curb-miles swept and the amount of waste collected. • Dispose of street sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill. • Do not store swept material along the side of the street or near a storm drain inlet. • Keep debris storage t<;l a minimum during the wet season or make sure debris piles are contained (e.g. by berming the area) or covered (e.g. with tarps or permanent covers). Street Repair and Maintenance Pavement marking II Schedule pavement marking activities for dry weather. 2 of 9 ''8 "'77 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 N Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 - • Develop paint handling procedures for proper use, storage, and disposal of paints. • Transfer and load paint and hot thermoplastic away from storm drain inlets. • Provide drop cloths and drip pans in paint mixing areas. • Properly maintain application equipment. • Street sweep thermoplastic grindings. Yellow thermoplastic grindings may require special handling as they may contain lead. + .... • Paints containing lead or tributyltin are considered a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly. • Use wat~r based paints whenever possible. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer. • Properly store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job, or dispose of properly. Concrete installation and repair • Schedule asphalt and concrete activities for dry weather. • Take measures to.protect any nearby storm drain inlets and adjacent watercourses, prior to breaking up asphalt or concrete (e.g. place san bags around inlets or work areas). • Limit the amount of fresh concrete or cement mortar mixed, mix only what is needed for the job. • Store concrete materials under cover, away from drainage areas. Secure bags of cement after they are open. Be sure to keep wind-blown cement powder away from streets; gutters, storm drains, rainfall, and runoff. • Return leftover materials to the transit mixer. Dispose of small amounts of hardened excess c.oncrete, grout, and mortar in the trash. • Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stockpile, or dispose in the trash. • When making saw cuts in pavement, use as little water as possible and perform during dry weather. Cover each storm drain inlet completely with filter fabric or plastic during the sawing operation and contain the slurry by placing straw bales, sandbags, or gravel dams . around the inlets. After the liquid drains or evaporates, shovel or. vacuum the slurry residue from. the pavement or gutter and remove from site. Alternatively, a small onsite vacuum may be used to pick up the slurry as this will prohibit slurry from reaching storm drain inlets. • Wash concrete trucks off site or in designated areas on site designed to preclude discharge of wash water to drainage system. January 2003 ',=C2·rtrm '.".,....,t£5 nrsnn::nsr'i'i3.riiiiC"" California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal ·Nww.cabmphandbooks.com 30f9 (i.SC~70 Road and Street Maintenance • . #¥!!fi?P! !!!i4W '*#§'&£ -"-9 ... -.... e4*i ... ,iWiji HEM _ Patching, resurfacing, and surface sealing • Schedule patching, resurfacing and surface sealing for dry weather. • Stockpile materials away from streets, gutter areas, storm drain inlets or watercourses. During wet weather, cover stockpiles with plastic tarps or berm around them if necessary to prevent transport of materials in runoff. • Pre-heat, transfer or load hot pituminous material away from drainage systems or watercourses. • Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and maintenance holes before applyirig seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until aU water from emulsified on sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from covered maintenance holes and storm drain inlets when the job is complete. • Prevent excess material from exposed aggregate concrete or similar treatments-from entering streets or storm drain inlets. Designate an area for clean up and proper disposal of excess materials. •• Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. • Sweep, never hose down streets to clean up' tracked dirt. Use a street sweeper or vacuum truck. Do not dump vacuumed liquid in storm drains. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Equipm~nt cleaning maintenance and storage • Inspect equipment daily and repair any leaks. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under heavy equipment when not in use. • Perform major equipment repairs at the corporation yard, when practical. • If refueling or repairing vehicles and equipment must be done onsite, use a location away from storm drain inlets and watercourses. • Clean equipment including sprayers, sprayer paint supply lines, patch and paving equipment, and mud jacking equipment at the end of each day. Clean in a sink or other area (e.g. vehicle wash area) that is connected to the sanitary sewer. Bridge and Structure Maintenance Paint and Paint Removal Transport paint and materials to and fromjob sites in containers with secure lids and tied down to the transport vehicle. oJ Do not transfer or load paint near storm drain inlets or watercourses. 'E 4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com r::czm January 2003 •• Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 • Test and inspect spray equipment prior to starting to paint. Tighten aU hoses and connections and do not overfill paint container. • Plug nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting painting where there is significant risk of a spill reaching storm drains. Remove plugs when job is completed. • If sand blasting is used to remove paint, cover nearby storm drain inlets prior to starti~g work. • Perform work on a maintenance traveler or platform, or use suspended netting or tarps to capture paint, rust, paint removing agents, or other materials, to prevent discharge of materials to surface waters if the bridge crosses a watercourse. If sanding, use a sander with a vacuum filter bag. • Capture all ~lean-up water, and dispose of properly. • Recycle paint when possible (e.g. paint may be used for graffiti removal activities). Dispose of unused paint at an appropriate household hazardous waste facility. Graffiti Removal • Schedule graffiti removal activities for dry weather. • Protect nearby storm drain inlets prior to removing graffiti from walls, signs, sidewalks, or other structures needing graffiti abatement. Clean up afterwards by sweeping or vacuuming thoroughly, and! or by using absorbent and properly disposing of the absorbent. • When graffiti is removed by painting over, implement the procedures under Painting and Paint Removal above. • Direct runoff from sand blasting and high pressure washing (with hO cleaning agents) into a landscaped or dirt area. If such an area is not available, filter runoff through an appropriate filtering device (e.g. filter fabric) to keep sand, particles, and debris out of storm drains. • If a graffiti abatement method generates wash water containing a cleaning compound (such as high pressure washing with a cleaning compound), plug nearby storm drains and vacuum/pump wash water to the sanitary sewer. • Consider using a waterless and non-toxic chemical cleaning method for graffiti removal (e.g. gels or spray compounds). Repair Work • Prevent concrete, steel, wood, metal parts, tools, or other work materials from entering storm drains or watercourses. II Thoroughly clean up the job site when the repair work is completed. ;I When cleaning guardrails or fences follow the appropriate surface cleaning methods (depending on the type of surface) outlined in SC-71 Plaza & Sidewalk Cleaning fact sheet. w'm'lreW7W January 2003 Callfomla Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com lKf'#! Fe _ 50f9 (j. '. '-SC-70 Road and Street'Maintenance 'Ri-*& #ilk";;; • If painting is conducted, follow the painting and paint removal procedures above. • If graffiti removal is conducted, follow the graffiti .removal procedures above. • If construction takes place, see the Construction Activity BMP Handbook. . • Recycle materials whenever possible. Unpaved Roads and Trails • Stabilize exposed soil areas to prevent soil from eroding during rain events. This is particularly important on steep slopes. • For roadside areas with exposed soils, the most cost-effective choice is to vegetate the area, preferably with a mulch or binder that will hold the soils in place while the vegetation is establishing. Native vegetation should be used if possible. • Ifvegetation cannot be established immediately, apply temporary erosion control mats/blanketsi a com~a straw, or gravel as appropriate. If sediment is already eroded and mobilized in roadside areas, temporary controls should be installed. These may include: sediment control fences, fabric-covered triangular dikes, gravel-filled burlap bags, biobags, or hay bales staked in place. Non-Stonnwater Discharges Field crews should be aware of non-stormwater discharges as part of their ongoing street maintenance efforts. • Refer to SC-lO Non-Stormwater Discharges • Identify location, time and estimated quantity of discharges. • Notify appropriate personnel. Training • Train employees regarding proper street sweeping operation and street repair and maintenance. • Instruct employees and subcontractors to ensure that measures to reduce the stormwater impacts of roadwaY/bridge maintenance are being followed. • Require engineeling staff and/or consulting AjE firms to address stormwater quality in new bridge designs or existing bridge retrofits. • Use a training log or similar method to document training. Train employees on proper spill containment and clean up, and in identifying non- storm water discharges . ... ! .. 6 of 9 California Storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 c;.;-• r • Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 FF**··~ • Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll, Spill Prevention, Control Be Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SpeC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Denselypopulated areas or heavily used streets may require parking regulations to clear streetS for -cleaning. . • No currently available conventional sweeper i~ effective at removing on and gr~ase. Mechanical sweepers are not effective at removing finer sediments. • Limitations may arise in the location of new bridges. The availability a~dcost oflandand other economic and political factors may dictate where the placement of a new bridge will occur. Better design of the bridge to control runoff is required if it is being placed near sensitive waters. Requirements Costs • The maintena~ce of local roads and bridges is already a consideration of most community public works or transportation departments-. Therefore, the cost of pollutant reducing management practices will involve the training and equipment required to implement these new practices. ' - • The largest expenditures for street sweeping programs are in staffing and equipment. The capital cost for a conventional street sweeper is between $60,000 and $120,000. NeWer technologies might have prices approaching $180,000. The average useful life of a conventional sweeper is about four years, and programs must budget for equipment replacement. Sweeping frequencies will determine equipment life, so programs that sweep more often should expect to have a higher cost of replacement. - • A street sweeping program may require the followi'ng. Sweeper operators, maintenance, supervisory, and administrative personnel are required. Traffic control officers may be required to enforce parking restrictions. Skillful design of cleaning routes is required for program to be productive. -Arrangements must be made for disposal of collected wastes. , ElTnmeJ\ii'7 January 2003 California Storm water BMP Handbook 7 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Road and Street Maintenance • If investing in newer technologies, training for operators must be included in operation and maintenance budgets. Costs for public education are small, and mostly deal with the need to obey parking restrictions and litter control. Parking tickets are an effective reminder to obey parking rules, .as well as being a source of revenue. Maintenance • Not applicable Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Street sweeping There are advantages and disadvantag~ to the two common types of sweepers. The best choice depends on your specific: conditions. Many communities find it useful to have a compliment of both types in their fleet. . . Mechanical Broom Sweepers -More effective at picking up large debris and cleaning. wet streets. Less costly to purchase and operate. Create more airborne dust. , Vacuum Sweepers -More effective at removing fine particles and associated heavy metals • • Ineffective at cleaning wet streets. Noisier than mechanical broom sweepers which may restrict areas or times of operation. May require an advance vehicle to remove large debris. Street Flushers -Not affected by biggest interference to cleaning, parked cars. May remove finer sediments, ~oving them toward the gutter and stormwater imets. For this reason, flushing fell out of favor and is now used primarily after sweeping. Flushing may be effective for combined sewer systems. Presently street flushing is not allowed under most NPDES permits. Cross-Me4ia Transfer of Pollutants The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has established state ambient air quality standards including a standard for respirable particulate matter (less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter, symbolized as PM10). In the effort to sweep up finer sediments to remove attached heavy metals, municipalities should be aware that fine dust, that cannot be captured by the sweeping equipment and becomes airborne, could lead to iss~es of worker and public safety. Bridges Bridges that carry vehicular traffic generate some of the more direct discharges of runoff to surface waters. Bridge scupper drains cause a direct discharge of stormwater into receiving waters and have been shown to carry relatively high concentrations of pollutants. Bridge maintenance also generates wastes that may be either directly deposited to the water below or carried to the receiving water by stormwater. The following steps will help reduce the stormwater impacts of bridge maintenance: II Site new bridges so that significant adverse impacts to wetlands, sensitive areas, critical habitat, and riparian vegetation are minimized. • a .8 of 9 ==5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • ....... Road and Street Maintenance $C-70 • Design new bridges to avoid the use of scupper drains and route runoff to land for treatment control. Existing scupper drains should be cleaned on a regular basis to avoid sediment/debris accumulation. • Reduce the discharge of pollutants to surface waters during maintenance by using suspended traps, vacuums, or booms in the water to capture paint, rus~, and paint removing agents. Many of these wastes may be hazardous. Properly dispose of this waste by referring to eM1 (Hazardous Waste Management) in the Construction Handbook. • Train employees and subcontractors to reduce the discharge of wastes during bridge maintenance. De-icing • Do not over-apply deicing salt and sand, and routinely calibrate spreaders. • Near reservoirs, restrict the application of deicing salt and redirect any runoff away from reservoirs. • Consider using alternative deicing agents Oess toxic, biQdegradable, etc.) • References and Resources Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by" City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July • 1998. Orange County Stonnwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/stormwaterlswpintroduction.as·p Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stonnwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 2001. Fresh Concrete and Mortar Application Best Management Practices for the Construction Industry. June. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 2001. Roadwork and Paving Best Management Practices for the Construction Industry, June. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Roadway and Bridge Maintenance. On-line http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poIl13.htm = January 2003 California Stormwater 6MP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 9 of 9 • Landscape Maintenance Description Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal; herbicide and bisecticide application; fertilizer application; watering; and other gardening and lawn care practices. Vegetation control typically involves a combination of chemical (herbicide) application and mechanical methods. All of these maintenance practices have the potential to contribute pollutants to the storm drain system. The major objectives of this BMP are to minimize the discharge of pesticides, herbicides and fertllizers to the storm drain system and receiving waters; prevent the disposal oflanclscape waste into the storm drain system by collecting and properly disposing of clippings and cuttings, and educating employees and the public. Approach Pollution Prevention' • Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) program. IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools. • Choose low water using flowers, trees, shrubs,' and groundcover. • Consider alternative landscaping techniques such as naturescaping and xeriscaping. II Conduct appropriate maintenance (i.e. properly timed fertilizing, weeding, pest control, and pruning) to help preserve the landscapes water efficiency. SC-13 Objectives • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment ./ NuMen~ ./ Trash ./ Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding ./ .:~.\C ,\ S CA. '.' y"-_. . -. -_. --' .. _ .. l: t California . \;. Stormwater . . ~~':. Quality '!fr Association mTiVEir.s;FE£mrz January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 6 'Ce 13 landscape Maintenance , 6·A¥I'lWfAAiii·AP!H ...... -ri4E*'·; *wa$iSY#$iMMYiWMI 'iaR,H"iiHMifiM+jlOwg • • Consider grass cycling (grass cycling is the natural recycling of grass by leaving the cUppings on the lawn when mowing. Grass clippings decompose quickly and release valuable nutrients back into the lawn). Suggested Protocols Mowing, Trimming, and Weeding • Whenever possible use mechanical methods of vegetation removal (e.g mowing with tractor- type or push mowers, hand cutting with gas or electric powered weed trimmers) rather than applying herbicides. Use hand weeding where practical. . • Avoid loosening the soU when conducting mechanical or manual weed control, this could lead to erosion. Use m.ulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. -. • Performing mowing at optimal times. Mowing should not be performed if significant rain events are predicted. . • Mulching mowers may be recommended for certain flat areas. Other techniques IDily be employed to minimize mowing such as selective vegetative planting using low maintenance grasses and shrubs • • Collect lawn and garden clippings, pruning waste, tree trimmings, and weeds. Chip if necessary, and compost or dispose of at a landfill (see waste management section of this fact sheet). • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to storm drains. Planting • Determine existing native vegetation features Oocation, species, size, function, importan<;e) and consider the feasibility of protecting them. Consider elements such as their effect on drainage and erosion, hardiness, maintenance requirements, and possible conflicts between preserving vegetation and the resulting maintenance needs. • Retain and/or plant selected native vegetation whose features are determined to be beneficial, where feasible. Native vegetation usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation. • Consider using low water use groundcovers when planting or replanting. Waste Management • Compost leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation or dispose of at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems. • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and storm drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system. Reduce the use of high nitrogen fertilizers that produce excess growth requiring more frequent mowing or trimming. -smam 2 of 6 California Stormwater 6MP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Landscape Maintenance SC-73 ...... 4'i%S4·tt· .. "i'dC;N'k .. eNiiMi4l.pWiwm q ,;:;!ii.16-Y"'**'· • Avoid landscape wastes in and around storm drain inlets by either using bagging equipment or by manually picking up the material. Irrigation • Where practical, use automatic timers to minimize runoff. • Use popup sprinkler heads in areas with a lot of activity or where there is a chance the pipes may be broken. Consider the use of mechanisms that reduce water flow to sprinkler heads if broken. • Ensure that there is no runoff from the landscaped area(s) if re-claimed water is used for irrigation. • Ifbailing of muddy water, is required (e.g. when repairing a water line leak), do not put it in the storm drain; pour over landscaped areas. • Irrigate slowly or pulse irrigate to prevent runoff and then only irrigate as much as is needed. . • Apply water at rates that do not exceed the infiltration rate of the soll. Fertilizer and Pesticide Management • Utilize a comprehensive management system that incorporates integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. There are many methods and types of IPM, including the following: Mulching can be used to prevent weeds where turf is absent, fencing installed to keep rodents out, and netting used to keep birds and insects away from leaves and fruit. Visible'insects can be removed by hand (with gloves or tweezers) and placed in soapy water or vegetable oll • .Alternatively, insects can be sprayed off the plant with water or in some cases vacuumed off of larger plants. Store-bought traps, such as species-specific, pheromone-based traps or colored sticky , cards, can be used. Slugs can be trapped in sman cups filled With beer that are set in the ground so the slugs can get in easily. In cases where microscopic parasites, such as bacteria and fungi, are causing damage to plants, the affected plant material can be removed and disposed of (pruning equipment should be disinfected with bleach to prevent spreading the disease organism). Small mammals and birds can be excluded using fences, netting, tree trunk guards. Beneficial organisms, such as bats, birds, green lacewings, ladybugs, praying mantis, ground beetles, parasitic nematodes, trichogramma wasps, seed head weevils, and spiders that prey on detrimental pest species can be promoted. .. Follow all federal, state, and local1aws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. January 2003 California Storm water aMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com rwnzzaena' 3 of 6 *H Landscape Maintenance ±di!FSE 58§1jN"$fl!S!ff!§f?hf~±'¥fi 4-!iF • Use pesticides only if there is an actual pest problem (not on a regular preventative schedule), • Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low Oess than 5 mph). • Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. • Prepare the minimum amount of pesticide needed for the job and use the lowest rate that will effectively control the pest. • Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques. • Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface. • Calibrate fertilizer and pesticide application equipment to avoid excessive application. • Periodically'test soils for determining proper fertilizer use. • Sweep pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying • irrigation water. • Purchase only the amount of pesticide that you can reasonably use in a given time period (month or year depending on the product). • Triple rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste. • Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the con~ainer label. Inspection • Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed. . • Inspect pesticide/fertilizer equipment and transportation vehicles daily. Training • Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. Pesticide application must be under the supervision of a California qualified pesticide applicator. • Train/encourage municipal maintenance crews to use IPM techniques for managing public green areas. curs Annually train employees Within departments responsible for pesticide application on the appropriate portions of the agency's rPM Policy, SOPs, and BMPs, and the latest rPM techniques. -4 of 6 California Storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandboo!<s.com January 2003 I. • .(. Landscape Maintenance '8# .. '" .... Ny ... ". NiH S3¥~ .. __ •• iiW·tF¥ MM ..... """ SC-73 II Employees who are not authorized and trained to apply pesticides should be periodically (at least annually) informed that they cannot use over-the-counter pesticides in or around the workplace. • Use a training log or similar method to document training. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-l1, Spill Prevention. Control &: Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a know in location • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of sllill cleanup materlQl.; Other Considerations • The Federal Pesticide; Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and California Title 3, Division 6. Pesticides and Pest Control Operations plaCe strict controls over pesticide application and handling ·and specify training, annual refresher, and testirig requirements. The regulations generally cover: a list of approved pesticides and selected uses, updated regularly; general application information; equipment use and maintenance procedures; and record keeping • The California Department of Pesticide Regulations and the County Agricultural . Commission coordinate and maintain the licensing and certification programs. All public agency employees who apply pesticides and herbicides in "agricultural use" areas such as parks, golf courses, rights-of-way and recreation areas should be properly certified in accordance with state regulations. Contracts for landscape maintenance should include similar requirements. • All employees who handle pesticides should be familiar with the most recent material safety data sheet (MSDS) files. • Municipalities do not have the authority to regulate the use of pesticides by school districts, however the California Healthy Schools Act of 2000 (AB 2260) has imposed requirements on California school districts regarding pesticide use in schools. Posting of notification prior to the application of pesticides is now required, and IPM is stated as the preferred approach to pest management in schools. . Requirements Costs Additional training of municipal employees will be required to address rPM techniques. and BMPs .. IPM methods will likely increase labor cost for pest control which may be offset by lower chemical costs. Maintenance Not applicable January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of 6 Landscape Maintenance fhi!'&'iE~f i f?*U2*'43¥ t+f!-F±f MA-.... !Ii Supplemental Information Further Detail qfthe BMP Waste Management Composting is one of the better disposal alternatives iflocally available. Most municipalities either have or are planning yard waste composting facUities as a means of reducing the amount of waste going to the landfill. Lawn clippings from municipal maintenan~e programs as well as private sources would probably be compatible with most composting facUlties . Contractors and Other Pesticide Users Municipal agencies should develop and implement a process to ensure that any contractor employed to conduct pest control and pesticide application on municipal property engages. in pest control methods COl1S~ent with the IPM Policy adopted by the agency. Specifically, municipalities should· require contractors to follow the agency's IPM policy, SOPs, and BMPs; provide evidence to the agency of having received training on current IPM techniques when feasible; provide documentation of pesticide use on agency property to the agency in a timely manner. References and Resources • lUng County Stormwater Pollution Controi Manual. Best Management Practices for Businesses. 1995. King County Surface Water Management. July. On-line: htm: IIdnr.metrokc.govlwlr/dssjspcm.htm Los Angeles County Storm water Quality Model Programs. Public Agency Activities http://ladpw.orgJwmd/npdeslmodel links.cfm Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stonnwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWaterlswp introduction. asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. J),nited States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Landscaping and Lawn Care. Office of Water. Office of Wastewater Management. On-line: htt;p:lLwww.epa.gov/npdes/menuotbmps/poll8.htm 6of6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 ( • Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 Description As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance system collects and transports urban runoff that may contain certain pollutants. Maintaining catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other storm water conveyance structures on a regular basis will remove pollutants, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system, restore catch basins' sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding. . Approach Suggested Protocols 'Catch Basins/Inlet Structures • Municipal staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure the following: -Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening structural integrity. Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this standard. . Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC-75 Waste Handling and Disposal). • Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures in high pollutant load areas just before the wet Objectives • CQntaln • EdUcate • ReducelMlnlmlze Targeted Constituents Sediment ./ Nutrients ./ Trash ./ Metals ./ Bacteria ./ Oil and Grease ./ Organics ./ Oxygen Demanding ./ season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the .• summer. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com . 1 of 9 Drainage System Maintenance o 9 ........ * "'#"hf!!4i • .:" ¥.s46iilb?f*Yi·'i+!!SWiAAlffja .... p.iMijijS-·&ft'f-,· ... QS!i: liBP®W· .. Md,a"'9!?k . S¥P • Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed. • Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned. • Record the amount of waste collected. • Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain. • Dewater the wastes with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to difi!charge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the'sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed of. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream. , • Except for small communities with relatively few catch basins, that may be cleaned manually, most municipalities will requite mechanical cleaners such as eductors, vacuums, or bucket loaders. (i. Storm Drain Convey~nce System , , • Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a. flushing schedule th~t keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup. ' • Collect flushed effluent and pump to the sanitary sewer for treatment. Pump Stations • Clean all stonn drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash. • Do not allow discharge from cleaning ,a storm drain pump station or other facility to reach the stonn drain system. • Conduct quarterly routine maintenance at each pump station. • Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season. • Sample collected sediments to determine if landfill disposal is possible, or illegal discharges in the watershed are occurring. Open Channel • Consider modification of storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, to increase pollutant removals, and to enhance channel! creek aesthetic and habitat value. • Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural (emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies 2 of 9 -California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com . . January 2003 • ,. Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 tH'!.di?">lWVY, !ii__ ~I!t.-M o·4ifWRf @W!' (SWRCB, RWQCB, Deparbnent of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal Corps of Engineers and USFWS Illz'cit Connections and Discharges • During routine maintenance of conveyance system and drainage structures field staff should look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections: Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc. • Are there any odors associated with the drainage system Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections • Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This can be done through visual inspection of up gradient manholes' or alterIiate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection. , ' Once the origin of flow is established, require illicit discharger to eliminate the discharge. • Stencil storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to Stream" stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system. • Refer to fact sheet se-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges. Illegal Dumping • Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs. • Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following: Illegal dumping hot spots Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) Mode of dumping (abandoned containers~ "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills) Responsible parties • Post "No Dumping" signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping. II Refer to fact sheet SC-lO Non-Stormwater Discharges. January 2003 California Stormwater BM~ Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 9 Drainage System Mainten~nce Wtt; .... +Hiu@fflP.* 9ft!fE¥!i!!!g:-MQNi§ti9! diM_a_WEM kF eM • The State Department of Fish and Game has a hotline for reporting violations, called Cal TIP (1-800-952-5400). The phone number may be used to report any violation of a Fish ~d Game code (illegal dumping, poaching, etc.). • The California Department of Toxic Substances Control's Waste Aiert Hotline, 1-800- 69TOXIC, can be used to report hazardous waste violations. 'l)oaining • Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal. • Only properly trained individuals are allowed to handle hazardous materials/wastes. • Train municipal employees from aU departments (public works. utilities, street cleaning, 'parks and recreation, industrial waste inspection, hazardou$ waste inspection, sewer maintenanc~) to recognize and report illegal dumping. • Train municipal employees and educate businesses, co~tractors. and the general public in proper and consistent methods for disposal. • Train municipal staff regarding non-stormwater discharges (See SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges) . • Spill Response and Prevention ( • Refer to SC-ll. Prevention, Control &: Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations , • Cleanup activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Acces.s to items and material on' private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If stonn channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and permitting. • Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer may be prohibited in some areas. • Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal. Municipal codes should include sections prohibiting the discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system. 11 Private property access rights may be needed to track illegal discharges up gradient. ; FA 4of9 F California Stormwater aMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com -. n ;;rrear£'iiias:mrw;zn-7i"IIPS;- January 2003 • • Drainage System Maintenance h: ..... G R4Mfi'iEwi%-iiiU JtW..,.It:",-f!!FS!i'" W!!94r ...... f4 "'-M ~-¥ +A-W£5Wti' SC-14 • Requirements of municipal ordinance authority for suspected source verification testing for illicit connections necessary for guaranteed rights of entry. Requirements Costs • An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M budget. A careful study of cleaning effectiveness should be undertaken before increased cleaning is implemented. Catch basin cleaning costs are less expensive if vacuum street sweepers are available; cleaning catch basins manually can cost approximately twice as much as cleaning the basins with a vacuum attached to a sweeper. • Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing,visual inspection, a~d flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors. such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type ofland use. will determme thl:\' level of inveStigation necessary. Encouraging reporting of illicit discharges by . employees can offset costs by saving expense on inspectors and directing resources more ' efficiently. Some programs have used funds available from "environmental fees" or special assessment districts to fund their illicit connection elimination programs. Maintenance • Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks. • Identifying illicit discharges requires teams of at least two people (volunteers can be used). plus administrative personnel, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system. • Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes. • Requires technical staff to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations, and to coordinate public education. Supplemental Information Further Detail qfthe BMP Storm Drainjlushing Sanitary sewer flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in sanitary sewer systems. The same principles that make sanitary sewer flushing effective ca~ be used to flush storm drains. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as to an open channel. to a~other point where flushing will be initiated, or over to the sanitary sewer and on to the treatment facilities, thus preventing re-suspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents "plug flow" discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. The deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging. Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a tlushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of 9 • ; SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance. e '%411 .... "0 &jI!f+SiWw....... 9 S!!W SR ..... !!+"*? .,.,,... cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the. assistance of a vacuum pump, releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storin drain segment. To further reduce the impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device~ placed well downstream, may be used to re-collect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or required to re-collect the flushed waters. It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length onine to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65- 75 percent for organics and 55-65 percent for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied:.by a water truck, but fire hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be ~sed or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm drain flushing. Flow Management 4.10W management has been one of the principal motivations for designing urban stream ~ orridors in the past. Such needs mayor may not be compatible with the storm water quality : goals in the stream corridor. Downstream flood peaks can be suppressed by reducing through flow velocity. This can be accomplished by reducing gradient with grade control structures or increasing roughness with boulders, dense vegetation. or complex banks forms. Reducing velocity correspondingly increases flood height, so all such measures have a natural association with floodplain open space. Flood elevations laterally adjacent to the stream can be lowered by increasing throug~ tlow velocity. However, increasing velocity increases flooding downstream and inherently conflicts with channel stability and human safety. Where topography permits, another way to lower flood elevation is to lower the level of the floodway with drop structures into a large but subtly excavated bowl where flood flows we allowed to spread out. Stream Corridor Planning Urban streams receive and convey stormwater flows from developed or developing watersheds. Planning of stream corridors thus interacts with urban stormwater management programs. If local programs are intended to control or protect downstream environments by managing flows delivered to the channels, then it is logical that such programs should be supplemented by management of the materials, forms, and uses of the downstream riparian corridor. Any proposal for steam alteration or management should be investigated for its potential flow and stability effects on upstream, downstream, and laterally adjacent areas. The timing and rate of flow from various tributaries can combine in complex ways to alter flood hazards. Each section (~. of channel is unique, influenced by its own distribution of roughness elements, management ~_ activities, and stream responses. --;;we . +4 60f9 California Stormwater 6MP Handbook January 2003 Municipal vvww.cabmphandbooks.com I • Drainage System Maintenance. SC-74 Flexibility to adapt to stream features and behaviors as they evolve must be included in stream reclamation planning. The amenity and ecology of streams may be enhanced through the landscape design options of 1) corridor reservation, 2) bank treabnent, 3) geoIJl9rphic restoration, and 4) grade contro1. Corridor reservation -Reserving stream corridors and valleys to accommodate natural stream meandering, aggradation, degradation, and over bank flows allows streams to find their own form and generate less ongoing erosion. In California, open stream corric;lors in recent urban developments have produced recreational open space, irrigation of streamside plantings. and the aesthetic amenity of flowing water. Bank treatment -The use of armoring. vegetative cover, and flow deflection may be used to influence a channel's form, stability, and biotic habitat. To prevent bank erosion, armoring can be done with rigid construction materials, such as concrete, masonry, wood planks and logs, riprap, and gabions. Concrete linings have been criticized because of their lack of provision of biotic habitat. In contrast, riprap "and gabions make relatively porous and flexible linings. Boulders, placed in the bed reduce velocity and erosive power. Riparian vegetation can stabilize the banks of streams that are at or near a condition of equilibrium. Binding networks of roots increase bank shear strength. During flood flows, resilient vegetation is forced into erosion-inhibiting mats. The roughness of vegetation leads to " lower velocity, further reducing erosive effects. Structural flow deflection can protect banks from erosion or alter fish habitat. By concentrating flow, a deflector causes a pool to be scoured in the bed. Geom01:phic restoration -Restoration refers to alteration of disturbed streams so their form and behavior emulate those of undisturbed streams. Natural meanders are retained, with grading to gentle slopes on the inside of curves to allow point bars and riffle-pool sequences to develop. Trees are retained to provide scenic quality, biotic productivity, and roots for bank" stabilization, supplemented by plantings where necessary. " A restorative approach can be successful where the stream is already approaching equilibrium. However, if upstream urbanization continues new flow regimes ~n be generated that could disrupt the equilibrium of the treated system. Grade Control-A grade control structure is a level shelf of a permanent material, such as stone, masonry, or concrete, over which stream water flows. A grade control structure is called a sill, weir, or drop structure, depending on the relation of its invert elevation to upstream and downstream channels. A sill is installed at the preexisting channel bed elevation to prevent upstream migration of nick points. It establishes a firm base level below which the upstream channel can not erode. A weir or check dam is installed with invert above the preexisting bed elevatiol;l. A weir raises the local base level of the stream and causes aggradation upstream. The gradient, velocity, and erosive potential of the stream channel are reduced. A drop structure lowers the -downstream invert below its preexisting elevation, reducing downstream gradient and velocity. Weirs and drop structure control erosion by dissipating energy and reducing slope velocity . . ,.. to January 2003 California Stormwater BMP HandbOok Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com -7of9 Drainage System Maintenance When carefully applied, grade control structures can be highly versatile in establishing human and environmental benefits in stabilized channels. To be successful, application of grade control structures should be guided by analysis of the stream system both upstream and downstream from the area to he reclaimed. Exampla The California Department of Water Resources began the Urban Stream Restoration Program in 1985. The program provides grant funds to municipalities and community groups to implement stream restoration projects. The projects reduce damages from streambank aid watershed instability arid floods while restoring streams' aesthetic, recreational, and fish and wildlife values. In Buena VISta Park, upper floodway slopes are gentle and grassed to achieve continuity of usable park land across the chan~el of small boulders at the base of the slopes. The San Diego River is a large. vegetativ~ lined channel. which was planted in a variety of species to support riparian wildlife while stabilizing the steep banks of the floodway. . . . References and Resources Ferguson, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water _conservation. . . Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality. Public Agency Activities Model Program. On-line: http; IIladpw.ol'la;nnd/npdesJpubli~ TC.cfm· Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey. City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Ceritral Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWaterlswp introduction. asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) Municipal Activities Model Program Guidance. 2001. Project Clean Water. November. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet Non-stormwater Discharges to Storm Sewers. EPA 832-F-99-022. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. StQrmwater O&M Fact Sheet C. Catch Basin Cleaning. EPA 832-F-99-011. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September. 8 of 9 California Stormwater 8MP Handbook MunicIpal www.cabmphandboo!<s.com January 2003 I c. (. Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Illegal Dumping Control. On line: htf;p;/fwww.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmpsfpo1l7.htm United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line: httpi/fwww·epa . .{IJy/npdes/menuofbmps/poll16.htm January 2003 California Stormwater 8MP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 90f9 '. SECTION 7 • • '.' ~- • Section 7.0 Structural Treatment BMPs Based upon the categories in Table 2 -Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type, pollutants of concern for this project include: sediment, nutrients, heavy metals organic compounds, trash and debris, oxygen demanding substances, bacteria, oil and grease, and pesticides. (See attached Table 2) , To minimize pollutants of concern, we are using: 1. Vegetated Swales -Where possible runoff flows are directed through a vegetated swale prior to entering a storm drain. 2. Storm drain inlet baskets -Storm drainage inserts will be used for Structural Treatment BMPs. The drainage inserts will be catch basin baskets. The drainage inserts are Suntree Technologies Inc. products. (See attached manufacturer's information) Based Llpon Table 3 -Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards, we are using a flow-based BMP designed to mitigate, (infiltrate, filter or treat) the maximum flow rate or runoff produced from a rainfall intensity of 0.2 inches of rainfall per hour for each hour of a storm event. The attached manufacturer's information specifies flow capacity for each drainage structure. Flow rates into each catch basin have been checked to ensure they are within treatment capacity (see Drainage Study for catch basin flow rates.) 6 • Catch Basin Insert Capacity Calculations • 18 "x18 " Catch Basin Insert Max Area (A) = 0.25 acres C= 0.85 Iavg = 0.20 Qavg = C*Iavg* A Qavg = 1.85*0.20*0.25 = 0.04 cfs The 18"x 18" Catch Basin Insert is capable of treating 5.0 cfs • 'C_,. • 24 "x24 " Catch Basin Insert Max Area (A) = 0.43 acres C= 0.85 Iavg = 0.20 Qavg = C*Iavg* A Qavg = 1.85*0.20*0.43 = 0.07 cfs The 24"x 24" Catch Basin Insert is capable of treating 21.6 cfs Swale Capacity calculations Max Area (a) = 2.23 acres C = 0.85 1=0.02 Q=CIA Q = 0.85*0.20*2.23 = 0.38 cfs Swale @ 1 % slope: v = 0.76 fps; d = 0.223 feet ~ ~. .' ****** *** O'Day Consultants Inc. 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 Tel: (760) 931-7700 Fax: (760) 931-8680 ****** *** *** *** *** *** *** /<------( 4.46')------->/ *** ***""/\I'''w. s. ( 0.22' ) """""*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ****** ** Triangular Channel Flowrate Velocity Depth of Critical Flow ............ . Depth ........... . Freeboard ................ . Total Depth .............. . Width at Water Surface ... . Top Width ................ . Slope of Channel ......... . Left Side Slope .......... . Right Side Slope ......... . X-Sectional Area ......... . Wetted Perimeter ......... . AR" (2/3) ................. . Mannings 'n' 0.380 0.762 0.223 0.155 0.000 0.223 4.460 4.460 1. 000 10.000 10.000 0.497 4.483 0.115 0.045 CFS fps feet feet feet feet feet feet % : 1 : 1 sq. feet ft. . '~:~~.:'.' Storm \NatElltl' Stall1«iaHrdls 4/03/03 When referred to this Section, by Step 2 of Section II, complete the analysis required for your project in the subsections of Section 111.1 below. 1. IDENTIFY POLLUTANTS & CONDITIONS OF CONCERN A. Identify Pollutants from the Project Area Using Table 1, .identify the project's anticipated pollutants. Pollutants associated with any tia~ardous material sites'that have b~en remediated or are not threatened by the propo~ed project are not considered a pollutant of concern. Projects meeting the . deflnitl~n of more than one project category shall identify all general pollutant categories that apply. t db L d Tabla 2.. Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Genera a JV an Use Type. General Pollutant Caf.gorlu Project Trash Oxygen Bacteria Categodes Heavy Organic & Demanding Oil & & Sediments Nutrients Metals Compounds Debris Substances Grease Viruses . Pesticides Detached' Residential X X X X X X X Development Attached Residential X X X P(1) Pia) PII) X Development Commercial ~. Developme'nt PII) PII) P(2) X PIS) X pro . PIS) >100.00O:ft2 Automotive . Repair X X(4X5) X X Restaurants X X X X Hillside' Development X X X X X X >5.000 ft2 Parking lots PII) Pll) X X P(1) X P(I) Streets, Highways & X P(I)X X X(4) X P(S) X Freeways X = anticipated P = potential (1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site. (2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas. (3) A potential pollutant if land use Involves food or animal waste products. (4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons, (5) Including solvents. Ie ( \. _ . Storm Watel!' Standard$ , I. (Ie ~.~. 4/03/03 Table 3. Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards. Volume 1. Volume-based BMPs shall be designed to mitigate (Infiltrate. filter. or treat) the volume of runoff produced from a 24-hour 85th percentile storm event. as determined from isopluv.lal map& contained in the County of San Diego Hydrology Manual. Flow 2. FlOW-based BMPs shall be designed to mitigate (Infiltrate. filter, or treat) the maximum flow rate of runoff produced from a rainfall intensity of 0.2 Inch of rainfall per hQur for each hour of a storm event. " " i. Stru.ctural Treatment BMP Selection Procedure PriOrity projects shall select a single or combination of treatment BMPs from the categorJes in Table 4 that maximize pollutant removal for the padlcular pallutant(s) of concern. A ny pollutants the project I s expected tog enerate t hat a re a Iso causing" a Clean Water Act section 303(d) Impairment of the downstream receiving waters of the project should be given top priority in 'selecting treatment BMPs. -. . To select a structural treatment BMP using. "the Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix (Table 4), each priority project shall compare the list -of pollutants for . which tJ1e downstream receiving waters are impaired (if any).' According to the 1998 303(d) ·Usting, the Agua Hedionda Lagoon is impaired for sediment and siltation. Buena Vista ~agaon also has impaired beneficial uses (aquatic life) due to high sedim~~tation/siltatlon. Portions of Carlsbad where construction sites have the potential to d isc~arge into a tributary 0 f a 3 03( d) 0 r directly into a 3 03(d) water body 0 r sites located; within 200 feet of an ESA require additional BMP implementation. These water bodies Include the Pacific Ocean, Buena Vista Lagoon, Encinas Creek, Agua Hedionda Lagoo~. and Batlquitos lagoon. Priority:projects that are not anticipated to g~nerate a pollutant for· which the receiving water is Clean Water Act Section 303(d} impaired shall select a single or combination of structut:al treatment BMPs from Table 4 that are effective for pollutant removal of the identifi~d pollutants of concern determined to be most significant for the project. Select~d BMPs must be effective for the. widest range of pollutants of concern anticipated to be generated by a priority project (as identified in Table 1). Alternative storm water BMPs not identified in Table 4 may be approved at the discretion of the City Engineer, provided the alternative BMP is as effective in removal of pollutants of concern as other feasible BMPs listed in Table 4. ( (.arm Water Standards , '·4/03/03 , " Table 4. Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix. Pollutant of Concern porous pavement Also known as hydrodynamlc d~vlces and baffle boxes. L: Low removal efflcle'ncy M: Medium removal efficiency High removal effldency U: Unknown removal efficiency . Sources: Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Watem (1993). National . in Urban ii. Restrictions on the Use of Infiltration Treatment BMPs 31. Treatment control BMPs' that are designed to primarily function as infiltration devices shall meet the following conditions (these conditions do not apply to treatment BMPs which allow incidental infiltration and are riot designed to primarily function as infiltration devices, such as grassy swales, detention basins, vegetated buffer strips, constructed wetlands, etc.): (1) urban runoff from corrimercial developments 'shall undergo pretreatment to remove both physical and cnemical contaminants, such' as sedimentation or filtration, prior to infiltration; (2)" all dry weather flows shall. be diverted from infiltration devices except for those non-storm water discharges authorized pursuant to 40 CFR 122.26(d){2)(iv)(B)(1): diverted stream flows, rising ground waters, uncontaminated ground water infiltration [as defined at 40 CFR 35.2005(20)] to storm water conveyance s~stems, uncontamini!lted pumped ground water, found~tion drains, springs. water from crawl space pumps, footing drains, air conditioning condensation,flow from riparian hab.itats and wetlands, water !.ine flushing, landsc~pe irrigatic;>.n,. disqh~rges from potable water sources other than water main breaks, irrigation' water, individual residential car washing, a nd dechlorinated swimming. pool discharges; (3) pollution prevention and source control BMPs shalf be implemented at a level appropriate to protect groundwater quality at sites where infiltration structural treatment BMPs are to be used; (4) the vertical dist~nce from the base of any infiltration structural treatment BMP to the seasonal high groundwater mark shall be at least 10 feet.· Where groundwater does not support beneficial uses, this vertical distance criterion may be reduced, provided groundwater quality is Vegetated Swale General Description . Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade. They trap particulate pollutants (suspended solids and trace metals), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and storm sewer systems. Therefore, swales are best suited for residential, industrial, and commercial areas with low flow and smaller populations. Inspectionl Maintenance Considerations It is important to consider that a thick vegetative cover is needed for vegetated swales to function properly. Usually, swales require little more than normal landscape maintenance activities such as irrigation and mowing to maintain pollutant rem0val efficiency'. Swales can become a nuisance due to mosquito breeding in standing water if obstructions develop (e.g., debris accumulation, invasive vegetation) and/or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained. The application of fertilizers and pesticides should be minimized. January 2003 California Storm water BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-30 '-Maintenance Concerns, Objectives, and Goals • Channelization • Vegetation/Landscape Maintenance • Vector Control • Aesthetics • Hydraulic and Removal Efficacy Targeted Constituents ./ Sediment A ./ Nutrients ./ Trash ./ Metals ./ Bacteria ./ Oil and Grease ./ Organics Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low A Medium • High Stormwater Quality Association • • A • A A 1 of 3 • Inspect after seeding and after first major storms for any damages, • Inspect for signs of erosion, damage to vegetation, channelization of flo~, (iebris ~d. litter, and areas of sediment accumulation. Perform inspections at the beginning !ll1d' eiJ,d of the wet season. Additional inspections after periods of heavy runoff /.lre desir~ble. • Inspect level spreader for clogging, grass along side siopes for erosiQn and formation of rills or gullies, and sandi soil bed for erosion problems. • Mow grass to maintain a height of 3-4 inches, for' safety, aes~etic, or other purposes. Litter should always be removed prior to mowing. Clippings should be composted. • Irrigate swale during dry season (April through October) 9r when necessary to maintain the vegetation. • Provide weed control, if necessary to control invasive species. • Remove litter, branches, rocks blockages, and other debris and dispose of properly. • Maintain inlet flow spreader (if applicable). • Repair any damaged areaS within a channel identified during inspections. Erosion rills or gullies should be corrected as needed. Bare areas should be replanted as necessary. _ • Declog the pea gravel diaphragm, if necessary. ~ • Correct erosion problems in the sandi soil bed of dry swales. • Plant an alternative grass species if the original grass cover has not been successfully established. Reseed and apply mulch to damaged areas. • Remove all accumulated sediment that may obstruct flow through the swale. Sediment accumulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up to 3 in. at any spot, or covers vegetation, or once it has accumulated to 10% of the original design volume. Replace the grass areas damaged in the process. • Rototill or cultivate the surface of the sandi soil bed of dry swales if the swale does not draw down within 48 hours. 2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com -. Po~t c~nstrUction Semi-annual Annual As needed (frequent, seasonally) Semi-annual Annual (as needed) As needed (infrequent) January 2003 , \~ Vegetated Swale TC-30 Additional Information Recent research (Colwell et at, 2000) indicates that grass height and mowing frequency have little impact on pollutant removal. Consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. References Metropolitan Council, Urban Small Sites Best Management Practices Manual. Available at: http://www.metrocouncil.org/environment/Watershed/BMP/manual.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Post-Construction Stormwater Management in New Development & Redevelopment BMP Factsheets. Available at: cfpub.epa.gov/npdeslstormwater/menuofbmpslbmp files.cfm Ventura Countywide Stormwater Quality Management Program, Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures. July, 2002. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Industrial and Commercial www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 3 Drain Inserts ,+.Ez:: iHWwrH,*"iW'Y 5'*5* +'**5-=£ Description Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. 'There are a multitude of inserts of various shapes and configurations, typically falling into one of tllree different groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are one box; that is, the setting area and filb'ation through media occur in the same box. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The 4'ays ' may hold different types of media. Filtration media vary bY.' manufacturer. Types include polypropylene, porous polymer, tfef:lted cellulose, and activated carbon. California Experience The number of installations is unknown but likely exceeds a thousand. Some users have reported that these systems require considerable maintenance to prevent plugging and bypass. Advan~ages II Does not require additional space as inserts as the drain inlets are already a component of the standard drainage systems. • Easy access for inspection and maintenance. II 'As there is no standing water, there is little concern for mosquito breeding. II A relatively inexpensive retrofit option. Limitations Performance is likely significantly less than treatment systems that are located at the end of the drainage system such as ponds and vaults. Usually not suitable for large areas or areas with trash or leaves than can plug the insert. Design and Sizing Guidelines Refer to manufacturer's guidelines. Drain inserts come any many configurations but can be placed into three general groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typieally a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. lHost bOle products are J,lJ1uary 2003 California Stormwater Bf'.lP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment ,,,,ww.cabmoharrlhool<s,com MP-52 , __ , ... ··II~ ... I.H_. ______ _ Design Considerations "..., -• Use with other BMPs • Fit and Seal Capacity within Inlet Targeted Constituents' ., Sediment ., Nutrients ., Trash . ., Metals Bacteria ., Oil and Grease ./ Organics Removal Effectiveness See NeW Development and Redevelopment Handbo~k·Section 5. .~.~ ....... , ...... -.... _ .. ~_ ....... _""'" • .-Y>.t •• __ ..... ,. ~" •. >a,I"""AA "\ .', ),~ i., iCaliiornla" .. S'~ .. r;nwat.ar . \ ·QuaUtty 1 of 3 Drain Inserts A -PAM ...... ri one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occurs in the same box. One manufacturer has a double-box. Storm water enters the first box where setting occurs. The stormwater flows into the second box where the filter media is located. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays can hold different types of media. Filtration media vary with the manufacturer: types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon. Construction/Inspection Considerations Be certain that installation is done in a manner that makes certain that the stormwater enters the unit and does not leak around the perimeter. Leakage between the frame of the insert and the fram~ of the drain inlet can easily occur with vertical (drop) inlets. Performance . Few products have performance data collected under field conditions. Siting Criter~a It is reco!pIllended that inserts be used only for retrofit situations or as pretreatment where other treatment BMPs presented in this section area us·ed. • Additional Design Guidelines (C.:: Follow guidelines provided by individual manufacturers. "-.... Maintenance Likely require frequent maintenance, on the order of several times per year. Cost • The initial cost of individual inserts range~ from less than $100 to about $2,000. The cost of using multiple units in curb inlet drains varies with the size of the inlet. . III The low cost of inserts may tend to· favor the use of these systems oyer other, more effective treatment BMPs. However, the l~w cost of each unit may be offset by the number of units that are required, more frequent maintenance, and the shorter structural life (and therefore replacement). References and Sources of Additional Information Hrachovec, R., and G. Minton, 2001, Field testing of a sock-type catch basin insert, Planet CPR, Seattie, ~ashington Interagency Catch Basin Insert Committee, Evaluation of Commercially-Available Catch Basin Inserts for the Treatment of Stormwater Runoff from Developed Sites, 1995 Larry Walker Associates, June 1998, NDMP Inlet/In-Line Control Measure Study Report Manufacturers literahlre Santa Monica (City), Sal1ta Monica Bay Municipal Stormwater/Urban Runoff Project - Evaluation of Potential Catch basin Retrotits, Woodward Clyde, September 24, 1998 ... ;-4-\ a; t;:; .. 'S'E'C-"~":rx"""'''--:'-~=;;;r..z·l··· -r""":'~ .2 of 3 California Stol'mwater eNP Halldbook .1t1tll.lary 2003 New Ol1velooment and Redevelooment Drain Inserts MP-S2 &W&M4'·m ! -is,+H!!i+p·'' .. h&·9&&hi ..... WiN"E ·it, .. '4 b i%9Ib .... ,1MiB*&.8* Woodward Clyde, June 11, 19,96, Parking Lot Monitoring Report, Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. January 2003 --,";',-' -·-c~·lif~;~i·;;~;:;;~~t~r B~IP H~b";ok New Development and Redevelopment l"p~/l,'f ,..?~n;'l"'I"\'!)l""'I:rfr.."f'l(\.!. ('("\11"'1 ""-,--, ... -.. --.-.--.. -~::--= 3 of 3 rid (~ 10 L ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Grate Inlet Skimmer Box Curb Inlet Basket Nutrient Separating Baffle Box -REPORTS' • DATA PollutaDt ~ading Analysis for Stormwater Retrofitting in Melbourne Beach, Florida PoRutant Removal Testing for A Suntre, Technologies Grate IDlet Skimmer Box Site Evaluadon of Suntree Teehnologies, Ine. Grate Inlet Skimmer Boxes for Debris, Sediment And on & Grease Removal " ," ',. "':', I . I L._ .... _. __ . __ ._.'" _ .. _ .. _____ . __ .. __ . __________ . ___ . ___ . j "::.: ',':, ; ":1 l~:: ': '\~ ,~fr:l\~~,,!l':j::7>:l7;.~iI::~,~,'iJ'~':}t.il·'7F:ti~ ~~~'.·jf<;,:~'Vfl:!""';~ ~~ j'J1-ij:;'! .'--'# ... l) o;.~ .. "''} ~·~{§Jb1~~IJJilijia~rI·lIijJ''\1~ :~l~"'\;II'6l1·~~l'V~. '.:J~h!PQ .? '!J ~({J)X :j)'!~I~ I.Q)Ct!J\~~$B©~lt ~A .~~(pl~ , • l'olhnta.t Loading An.lysis For Stormwater 1I.etroruting in Melbourne Beacb, IntrodudioD Florida By: Gordon England, P.E. Creech Engineers, Inc. 4450 W. Eau Gallie Blvd, #232 Melbourne, FL 31932 At Gemini Elementary School in Melbourne Beapb" Florida, there has been a history of repeated flooding on the school grounds and in properties adjacent to the schooL In 1999 Creech Engineers, Inc. (CEl) was choseD by Brevard County Stormwater Utility to design drainage improvements to alleviate these flooding conditions, as wen as to provide for stormwater treatment within this 20.06 hectare drainage basin. The project was divided into two phases. Phase t improvements were made in order to accele1ate initial flood control measures for homes downstream of the schooL Phase 2 involved the design of more extensive flood and water quality control measures along Oak Street for further protection of school property and roadway 'flooding at nearby church property. This paper highlights the political challenges of retrofitting storm water systems in developed area~ as wen, 'as demonstrates a methodology for performing a nonpoint source pollutant loading analysis. Existing Conditions Gemini Elementary School is located on a 8.02 hectare, triangular shaped property along the south side of Oak Street, a two lane conector road in Melbourne Beach, about one half mile from the Atlantic Ocean. See Exhibit 1. Residential properties lie downstream of the schoo1, along its southeast and southwest borders. 8.51 hectare Doug Flutie 'Park is on the north side of Oak Street. A soc~r club uses the park and school grounds on a daily basis. There was no stonnwater system at the,park, along Oak Street, or on the school site. Storm water flowed southward off Doug Flotie ~ across Oak Street, through the school site, and into the yards and homes south of the school These yards, and the roads downstream of them:. are very tIat and only a few feet above sea level Once water stages high enough in. the yards, it gradually sbeettlows d~wn the adjacent roads a few hundred yards to the Indian River.' The affucted homeowners naturally blamed the school for allowing the school's water to flood them. West of the school, a few hundred yards along Oak Street, was a low point, in the roaq where water ponded and flooded the road and an adjacent churchyar& Due to a thin clay lens at 26 em deep causing a perched water table, water stood in the road for several days m<ter even a nominal rainfall. This drainage basin was almost completely built out, with no easy path for developing outfalls to relieve flooding. ,,' This section of the Indian Rivet is a Class 2 water body, with a Shellfish Harvesting classification bringing' intense scrutiny from the St. Johns River Water Management District. Corp of Engineers permitting is required for new outfiUIs in the area dl,le to seagrasses near the shoreline. . The park, the school, and Oak Street lie in unincorporated Brevard County. The church, and properties west of the school are in Melbourne Beach. Being a collector road, all of the utility companies have major transmission lines in the road right-of-way. As can be seen, this challenging project involved Brevard County, Melbourne Beach, the School Board, Brevard County Parks and Recreation Department, Brevard County Road and Bridge Department, Brevard County Stormwater Utility, a church, three different Homeowners Associations, a soccer club, the Water Management District, the Corp of Engineers, and several utility companieS. Stakeholder involvement and partnerships were going to be critical to weave a solution through the many players involved. Proposed Improvements The first priority was to alleviate flooding in the homes adjacent to the school As an interim measure~ a berm was designed and constructed by C01.mty personnel along the south property lines of the schoo~ with a swale behind the berm directing water to the southernmost pOint of the school property. At that location, an inlet and 18" out&U pipe were constructed in a utility easement through two heavily landscaped and fenced yards, to Pompano Street, where it was tied into an existing stonn drain pipe. A short time later, heavy rains overflowed the berms and swales and flooded homes adjacent to the school again. eEl was engaged at that point to provide more effective drainage improvements. Fortunately, Gemini Elementary School bad a significant area of vacant land on their site. The school entered into agreements with Brevard County allowing the construction of three dry retention ponds totaling 2.95 hectare to reduce flows leaving the school site, as well as provide storm water treatment where none existed. These dry ponds were wound around several soccer and baseball fields. The soccer field's locations had to remain in place due to previous agreements with the school and Parks and Recreation Dept. The ponds were only 26-40 em (12"-18") deep and sodded, allowing the soccer teams to use the pond areas as practice fields when dry. When the ponds were excavated, the confining clay layer was removed to allow for infiltration though the beach sand at the site. Construction was scheduled during the summer when school was out. A control structure was designed at the outfall pipe location to provide protection for a 25 year storm. The temporary connection to the existing downstream pipe bad overloaded t.~e downstream system in a heavy rain event~ so a new outfull to the Indian River was designed. through a park adjacent to the River. The park was <owned by a HomeOWl1elS .' .-Association, which reluctantly gave a drainage easement through the park.. The County agreed to make several improvements to the park and its boat ramp in exchange for the easement. The Corp of Engineers was concerned that the new out:lilll pipe discharges would impact the nearby seagrasses, so the new discharge pipe was not permitted to be constructed in the Indian River. A bubbleup box was designed ten feet back from the shoreline and rock riprap was placed between the bubbleup box and the mean high water line to prevent erosion. As :mitigation for disturbing the shoreline, spartina and other plants were planted among the rocks to further buffer the shoreline Rom the storm water discharges. This first phase of improvements was :finished in September 2000 at a cost ofS124,OOO. The improvements implemented proved successful in preventing any flooding of adjacent homes in several large rainfalls in 2001. The second phase of the project addressed ;Storm water quantity and quality concerns along 1650 meters of Oak Street. ftom AlA to Cherry Street. ,To provide further flood protection at Gemini Elementary School, retention swl,lles were designed along both sides of Oak. Street and 625 meters of storm drain pipe was designed to intercept runoff and prevent it from crossing the road onto school property. The piping also provided an outfall for the low spot in the road by the church. This new pipe systepl discharged into a residential canal system, which was used by many of the adjacent residents for boating to the Indian River Lagoon (Bay). These canals were very politica1~y sensitive'smce they were in need of dredgit)g and the Town ofMelboume Beach does not dredge canals. The residents were concerned that the new stormwater system would lead to :further sedimentation oftm canals. The, first altematlve for treatment was to use land at the church site fbr a pond for the road ~ff: The church was willing to donate the land where their septic tank fields were located if the County would provide a sewer connection. This scenario was designed, but when it came time for the church to give easements to the County" they balked and it was back to the drawing board.' , St. Johns River Water Management District. (District), criteria requires stonnwater treatment for improvements w~h a) increase discharge rates b) which increase pollutant loadings, or c) which increase impervious areas. With this project, no new increased impervious areas were proposed. but there would be additional water flowing to the residential canal :fr~m the extension of the pipe system to the flood prone areas. These lilew flows create the potential for increased pollutant "loadings to the canal Normal design methods would have used treatment ponds to offset these potential impacts. Due to lack of available land for ponds, alternative treatment i'l!:K$.ods were proposed for this project. The District will consider alternative treatment methods if it can be demonstrated that all other possible alternatives have been exhausted. It 'Would not be possible politically to use more school or park area for treatment ponds. For'this project, eEl showed that the only alternatives were 10 tear down houses fur p{)i'lld~ or use alternate treatment tedmologies. The treatment strategy involved maximizing treatment methods within the project basin with alternative BMPs, as wen ~as retrofitting two adjacent watersheds as additional mitigation. A total of 1.67 acre feet of retention storage was provided in Phase 2 in the roadside swales and small ponds. This was equivalent to 0.032 inches of retention from the.drainage areas flowing to the retention areas. A trea~nt lIain along Oak Street was designed by using 9 Grated Inlet Skimmer Boxes, from Suntree Technologies, Inc., in the new inlets to trap debris entering the inlets, constructing berms to slow runoff from the ban fields, and installing one baffle box at the downstream end. of the new pipe system along Oak Street Baffle Boxes are in-line storm water treatment devices which trap sediment, trash, and debris. They have been. used by Brevard County successfully for the last 9 years. In off'site Basin 4, which only had one existing batlle box to provide sediment removal, 16 Curb Inlet Skimmer Boxes were installed in all of the existing inlets to provide nutrient removal by trapping grass clippingSs leaves, and· yard debris. N~trients were a concern in the cana1s since the nu~ents promote algae blooms, which in tum increase muck build up in the canals. In ·otTsite drainage Basin 5. there are 3 existing pipes which discharge directly to the canals. Three bame boxes and 6 curb inlet skimmer boxes were designed· to provide Sediment and nutrient treatment for this drainage basin. Brevard County Storm water Utility will implement this project and be responsible for aU maintenance ofthc improvements. The baffle boxes will be inspected twice a yeai' and cleaned as needed. The inlet traps win be cleaned twice a year. Brevard County has a vacuum truck dedicated to cleaning stonnwater BMPs. . . Using numerou& BMPs used on this project provided a high degree of treatment for the new piping system along Oak Street, and pr9vided· treatment for two Qffsite basins where little treatment existed. The retrofitting of the offsite areas was, in effect, mitigation for the new discharges to the canal. See Exhibit 1 for a ~ of the improvements. Calculations In Phase 1 of the project, the dry ponds and outfidl pipes were modeled hydraulically using the Interconnected Pond Routing program. Since the dry ponds in the Phase 2 project area were too small to provide effective attenuation, the predevelopment and post development :rctmoff calculations were made using Hydraflow and the rational method. The only available stonn drain pipe for Phase 2 was a 36" pipe in offsite Basin 4. The new piping along Oak Street was connected to the existing 36" pipe, and the piping downstream of the connection was upgraded ~o a 42" pipe. The pipes were designed for a 25 year storm. Basins 1,2, and 3 were a much longer distance from the outfall than Basin 4. As a result of different times of concentration, the peak. flows from Basin 4 passed sooner than Basins 1,2, and 3, giving only a slight increase in peak discharge, despite adding 12.25 hectares to the area flowing to the existing outfall. . l11e potential for increased pollutant loadings in the canal system was a concern of local reside~1ts. These canals had a history of dredging operations every 3-10 years, and the ,,' residents did not want to increase the frequency of costly dredging. The main pollutants of concern leading to muck deposition in the canals were Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN)\t and Total Phosphorus (TP). Sediment build up at the end of the pipes was common. Nutrient loadings from grass clippings, leaves, and fertilizers leads to algae blooms and low dissolved oxygen in the canals, which in tum leads to muck build up :from the eutrophication process. Most of the material dredged ftom residential canals is typically muck. To address this concern, a pollutant loading analysis of the existing and proposed stonnwater discharges was perfbrmed. In the existing conditions, the only stonnwater treatment for the canal system was a baftle box along Cherry Street for offsite Basin 4 of 24.24 hectares. There· were a total of7 outfall pipes discharging into the canal systeIJL In the first pbase of this project storm water treatment was provided for 8.02 hectares of the school grounds with 3 dry detention ponds. The discharge from these ponds was to the Indian·River, rathertll8D the canal system. so these pollutant loads were not included in the ponutant load analysis for the canal out1iill. The existing pollutant load to the canal only came frQm tw;' drainage Basins 4 and S, totaling 31.2 hectares. The runoff from Oak Street did not drain to the canal in existing conditions, only in the post development conditions. The strategy for the pollutant analysis was to calculate the pollutant loads in the existing conditions, and then calculate the pollutaht loads after the new pipes were added to the system and otTsite areas retrofitted for stormwater treatment. The pollutants used in this analysis were TSS, TP, and IN. Bach drainage basin was categorized by land use. Areal, annual, mass loading rates from "Storm water Loading Rate Parameters for Central and South Florida", Harper, 1994, were multiplied by each basin's area to give existing and potential annual pollutant loadings. See Table 1. . The next step was to calculate the pollutant removal rates for the different BMPs. Individual BMP removal efficiencies were take' from "A Guide for B:MP Selection in Urban Developed Area!l', EWRI, 2000. What was challenging with this analysis was the use of multiple BMPs in series for the treatment train. Each BMP receives cleaner and cleaner water as the water moves down the train. At each BMP, the removal efficiency for each constituent was multiplied by the remaining percentage of the initial loading to give a weighted, cumulative, removal efficiency for each constituent. See Table 2. These calculated removal efficiencies were then multiplied by the total calculated pollutant loads to give the reduced pollutant loadings after the BMPs were installed. See Table 3. Table 4 shows that the total loads to the canal were reduced :as a result of the retrofitting of onsite and 0 ffsite basins. The poUutant loading analysis below demonstl1u;es that as a l'.esult of the numerous BMPs 11roposed, the total pollutant loadings entering the canals Iliter pmject completion will 5 • '-. (~ actually be significantly redu~ed from the existing pollutant loadings entering the canals. The key to overall pollutant reduction is to provide additional treatment in offsite drainage basins. This win result in a net benefit of reduced pollutants entering the canals and a reduction of the severe flooding often seen along Oak Street. Table 1 Existing Pollutant Loading Loading Ratefr Potential Pollutant Loading Land Usa * From OIStormwater loading ~~ate Parameters for Central and South Floridai' 1994. Harper ** Basin 4 has an existing baffle box providing treatment. I Basins 4 and 5 are the existing pollutant loadings to the canals. . 6 • , " ( Table 2 BMP Pollutant Removals BMP POLLUTANT REMOVAL TABLe- 8MP 00 BMP Removal Efficiency Tvoe (%) , TSS TP TN DrvPond 85 61 91 Swate 80 45 25 BameBox 80 30 0 ntet TraD (orated) 73** 79"'* 0 79"" tnlet Trap (curb) 2*** 11'-10- isWate + Inlet TJaD (0) + Baffle Box 98.9 91.9 84.2 Drv Pond + lnlet Trap ICI\ + Bame Box 99.2 94.3 98.1 nlet Tnm (c).l-Baffte Box 84 37.7 10 nlet TraD(a)+ Same Box 81.1 85:3 79 ~ Multiple BMP Pollutant Removal Calculalfon. Isware + Inlet Trap (9) + Baffle Box , TSS -100xO.8 + (100.80)xO.73 + (100-80-14.6)xO.8 = 98.9% Removal TP -100xO.45 + (100-45}x.79 -to (1~A5) = 91.9% Removal TN -100x.25 + (100-25)x.79 = 84.2% Removal . ~ry Pond + Inlet Trap (g) + Baffle Box TSS -100xO.85+ (100-85)xO.73 + (1CJ0.85..10.~O.8:: 99.2% Removal TP -100xO.61 + (100-61)xO.79 + (100-61-30.8»(.3 = 94.3% Removal TN -100x.91 + ·(100-91)x.79 = 98.1% Removal Rlet Trap (e) + Baffle Box TSS -100-xO.2 + (100-20)xO.8 = 84% Removal TP-10OxO.11 + (100-11)x.3= 37.7% Removal TN -100x.10= 10% Removal fI'Ilst TB'ap (g) + Bam. Box TSS -100xO.73 + (1OQ.73)xO.30 = 31.1% Removal TP -100xO.79 + (100:-79)x0.3 = 85.3% Removal TN -100x. 79 = 19% Removal . All rea"TIovai values are from "Guide Far Best Management Practice *'* From Creech Engineers study "Pollutant Removal Tesilng For a Suntree 'Technologies Grate Inlet Skimmer Box", 2001 "··From visual observation by Brevard County staff TabKe3 Proposed Pd)nBUt21illt Lomdblg '7 i !~ ~MPRemovai ~ efficiency Pollutant load Basin BMP From New BMPs Reduction Proposed Pollutant Type (%) From BMPs (kglyear) Leading (kgfyear) T88 TP TN TSS TP TN TSS TP TN 2A swala + Inlet baD {Ill + baftte box . 98.9 91.9 84.2 69.38 0.39 8.32 0.77 0.03 1.56 2B swa\et-Inlet trap (0) .. baHle box 98.9 91.9 84.2 8.64 0.05 1.04 0.10 0.00 0.19 20 dry 1J(lf'Id+ inletbaO (gl + bame bOK 99.2 94.3 98.1 5.81 0.08 .0.81 0.05 0.00 0.02 2D drv DCnd + inlet f:rap ta) + bafft"e box 99.2 94..3 98.1 10.93 0.08 1.52 0.09 0.00 0.03 2E drY PGl\d + In/et trap Cg) + bailie box 99.2 94.3 98.1 19.83 0.11 2.78 0.18 0.01 0.05 2F swate + inlet traD fal ... baffle box 98.9 91.9 84.2 14.81 0.08 1.71 0.18 ·0.01 0.33 2G dIy POnd + 'l1Iet trap (II} + bailie box 99.2 94.3 98.1 5.85 0.03 0.79 0.05 0.00 0.02 2H ... + tlllet baD (II) + bama box 9Il.2 94.3 ., 9.73 0.08 1.35 0-08 0.00 0.03 21 swate + inlet IraD fal + baflleboX .9 91.9 842 0.60 0.00 0.07 0.01 . 0.00 0.01 2J inlet fraD tal + bafftebQlc 81.t 6S.3 78· 4.93 0.03 0.68 1.16 0.01 0.18 2K lntellraa ((I) + baffle bole 81.1 85.3· 79 3.51 0.D2 0.48-0.82 0.00 0.13 21.. inlet_Cat + baffle box 81.1 85.3 .79 .2.10 0.01 0.29 0.49 0.00 0.08 3A inlet baD (a) + baIfta box 81.1 85.3 79 99.64 1.11 8.10 23.22 0.19 2.15 38 inlatlralJ. (g)+ bailie box 81.1 86.3 79 137.40 1.53 11.17 32.02 0.26 2.97 3C drv Donci .. inlet fnID tal + baffte bale 99.2 94.3 98.1 1387.83 2.48 31,43 11.03 0.15 0.40 4 inlel: Irs (a)+ bailie box 81.1 85.3 79 544.99 21.25 221.48 127.01 3.68 58.87 SA Inlet ITaJ) te) + baffle bole 84 'S1 10 278.03 1.30 2.78 52.98 2.21 24.85 58 inlet IRID (e) + baffle box 84 "37 10 406.21 1~ • ... 08 T7.:r1 3.23 36;31 , 5C Inlet trap (el + baffle boac 84 31 10 126.29 ·0.59 1.25 24.08 1;00 11.29 ToI'.aI 230L17 27.24 281.03 197.11 4.34 87.01 Table .. Net Pollutant Removals TSS (kgIyr) TP(kglyr) TN(kglyr) Predevelopment 301S.78 35.13 380.83 Postdevelopment 630.97 21.95 289.15 Net Reduction 2384.81 (790") 13.18 (37.52%) 91.68· (24.07%) Summary The days of solving flooding problems in comil1unities with simple ditch and pipe solutions have disappeared. Environmental concerns '{lOW dictate that stormwater treatment techniques be integrated into thase flood relief projects. By adding water quality components to water q1Ja!1tity project~ communities can. help achieve pollution remediation goals being established for ~DES, T.MDL, and PLRG programs. Retrofitting existing st~rmwater systems to' pro'Yide water quality treatment is more complicated, expensive, and time consuming than traditional stormwater designs for new development. The scarcity of available land and numerollS existing utilities in older built out areas will tax an engineer~s imagination to provide innovative BMPs in ·these locations. An carefully planned treatment train was designed consisting of swales, ponds, berDlSt baftle boxes, and inlet traps tQ provide overaD stonnwater pollution reduction. In order to address storm water pollution concerns, treatment mitigation was designed in offsite drainage basins. The pollutant loadings and removals were calculated using a simple but effective spreadsheet analysis incorporating the late. in BMP efficiency studies. While complicated stonnwater modeling software can be used for pollutant aDalysis, this type of modeling is more cost effective on large basin studies than small basins and bitividual projects. The ponutaJlt removal calculations showed an annual net reduction of 79% for T88, 310/0 fot Total Phosphorus, and 24% for Total Nitrogen in the . Oak Street basin despit~ the creation of a new stonndrain system for a landlocked area. . As this project demonstrates, there are typically numerous stakeholders that need to be brought-into the project early in the process and kept in t~e process throughout the life of the project. Many meetings were held with city, county, and state.officials, homeowners associations, schools, soccer clubs, churches, and utility compani~ AD it takes is one uncooperative stakeholder to set back or.ldIl a project, as was demonstrated with the church backing out of the land acquisjtion process after l'iJany verbal indications of approval Using creative partnerships with other entities and agencies allowed the development of a. unique strategy to solve flooding at seve~llocations in the project area. References AseE" -"Guide For Best Management Practice Selection in Urban Developed Areas';:> 2001 Gordon England, P .E. "Pollutant Removal Testing For a Suntree Technologies Grate Inlet Skimmer Boxn, 2001 Harvey Harper, Ph. D, P .E., "Stormwatar loading Rate Parameters for Central and South Florida'\ 1994 '. " .. \ POLLUTANT REMOVAL TESTING FOR A SUNTREE TECHNOLOGIES GRATE~ETS~RBOX a , Prepared for Suntree Technologies, Ine. November 2001 eEl Project #21121.00 Prepared By: .... : . ·• ••• ·.:~ ... l~ ......... ~:.:~: . .'.;;,: ... , •••.•. : ~: .... ·.:~:-.• 4:.: .. :; .. : ....... -... :t',f,.,:.'.: -. '; .. : .. ~::~: ... t.~ ..... ~.: •• :: ',: ;'. ~ ••• ; ... I '. iC.~~·~~:~ [1fi~~@~N1J~~f\{$g il~~(Cv \C~'?'10PJilA'irn()~~l:Il' :.' ev~~BI~·D~rar;?raD 4450 w~ JEililtl G.ce Bhrdo, Ste. 132 &!ellblOm"'lme, JFL 32934 (321) 255 ... 54134 '. 'Background Methodology Results TABLE OF CONTENTS Table 1 -Sediment Sieve Analysis Conclusions APPENDIX A )0 Site Photos APPENDIXB PAGE 1 2 2 3 3 )0 Universal Engineering Sclenc.s Grata Inlet Skimmer Box Evaluation Report I~ Pollutant Removal Testing for a Suntree Teebnologies Grate Inlet Skimmer Box by . Creeeh Englneen, Inc. November 2001 With special thanks to JoaDie Regan of the Cocoa Beach Stormwater Utility Background: Over' the last several years, a number of BMPs have been developed to. provide stormwater treatIJ:IeDt by trapping pollutants aud debris in inlets. In1ettrap BMPsare quasi source controls, being inoxpeasive, requiring-nO roadway construction or utility relocation, and ki:epiDg poJlu.tants out of the water bodies, rather dum. trying to remove the pollutants from the WateI' once it is contamjoated. Suntree. TechiJolo~ of Cape Canaveral. Florida comminionecl Creech Bugineers. Inc. aDd Uiliversal Bngineering to pertbrm. testing on a Grate Inlet SJdmmer Box (GISB) to determiDo its poJlutaDt remOval eftectiveness fur sediment and grass clippings. Tho testing was per.furmed on September 26, 2001. Attached are photographs ftom the test aDd the accompanyina report by Universal Engineering Sciences. . The ClISB is designed to trap secIimeot. grass, leaves, organic debris, 40atq ~ and hydrocarboJis as they enter a grated inlet, thereby preventina these pollutants ftom entering the stormdtain system where they would causedctrimental impacts on downstream waterbodics. The GISB is a 3/1(11 thick :6bcqIau devico custom made to fit most types of grated iDlets.. The overflowapcity oftl1e GISB is designed to be greater than the cUrb grate capacity, thereby insuriDa that there win be nO JoSs of hydraulic capacity due to tim device being inside the inlet. Tho bottom of the GtSB is designed to be above any pipes entering or leaving the inlet so that flow through the inlet is DOt blocked. Water tlowing through the grate first encounters a hydrocarbon absc>tbing cenulose. This boom also serves to trap largo debris between the boom 3md the body of the OISB. At the bottom of tho trap are a eeries of stainless steel filter ~ covering 3.S -linch wide cutouts in the fiberglass body. These screens trap debris while allowing water to pass through the bottom of the body and out to the stODll drain system. 'The screens in the floor and first vertical row of the 61SB are fine mesh. The second vertical row of screens are medium mesh and the highest row m:e coarse mesh. On the outside of tho cutoUts the screens are backed by stainless diamond plate to provide support to the screens since heavy loads of debris build up in the box. If the flow rate through the inlet exceeds the . capacity of the filter screens there is another row of ov~w holes out out 'With :D!> screens. These overtlow ooks allow water to pass through the OISB .even if it becomes full of debris. The level of the holes is abl'lfie the bottom oftlhe top uray, ~mbH[lg the \U-ay. to act as a sldmmer to plrevem floating ~ fi"ot!1 e~capin.g thrQugh the v"·letflow hol©s. 1 I. I " I~ About haffiNay down the box w ~ diffuser plate to minimize resuspension of trapped sediment. Inlet traps such as these are generally designed to capture hydrocarbons. sediment, and floating debris. There is generaUy a large build up of grass, leaves, and yard debris in the GISBs; which represent a source of nutrients, which do not enter the waterbodies. Royal and England, 1999, determined that leaves and grass leach most of their nutrients into the water within 24-72 hours after being submerged in water. GISBs are designed to keep captured debris hi a dry state, oifthe bottom of the inlet, thus preventing phosphates and nitrates from leaching into the stormdrain. sptem, where much more expensive B:MPs would be required to remove the dissolved nutrients. Methodology: A test was designed to simulate a rainfiIl event and measuro tho ability of a GISB to remow sediment and grass leaves from a typical grated inlet at 600 South Brevard Ave., Cocoa Beacb, Florida. loanie Regan of the Cocoa Beach Stonnwater Utility provided ~ locati~n for tho test. as wen as a water truck to t1ush the curbs. Universal Bngineering Sciences perfbrmed the testing, measurements, and sediment ~lini. Creech Engineering, Inc. observed the testing. . , The City bas installed a number of these devices and 10anie indicated this location was tYPical of a normal instaUation. The grate, curb, and gutter around and upstream of the inlet were brushed and washed clean. A new, clean GISD ,was placed insido the ii:JIet. A water truck with a pump discharged reuse watec into the gutter upstream of the inlet at a rate of 500 gpm (1.1 c&). DIY, green St. Augustine grass clippings from a yard that bad been'recently fertilized were slowly fed into the gutter and flusbed into tho inlet. ,It was observed that the cast iron grate trapped a signifi.08iJt amoUilt of grass aroUDd tho edges of tho grate. . The grate was removed fur aU tests to enable aD oftbe grass and sediment to , enter the box. After an of a measured sample of grass had been washed into the iDlet, the grass was reDlOwd from the inlet, dried, and weighed. Samples of grass betbro and after tho test were sent to PC&B Laboratories in Oviedo, Florida. Laboratoty analysis was performed to determine tho Tota1P~sphorus and TKN content of tho grass. Next, a sediment sample was washed through the GISB using d10 same methodology. Universal Engineering mn a sieve size analysis. using ASTM D 422 procedures, before and after the test. The sediment was classified as a poorly graded gravely sand. The sediment was removed ftom the GISB, dried. and weighed. During both of the tests, aU 'Water leaving the GISS passed through the illter screens. The water levels in the box only rose a few mches, with no water passing. through tlle overflow holes or coarse screens, even though the bottom scr.eens were completely covered with grass or &..~ent. There was a small .m10unt of grass tmd~nt tlu.at passed b~t'iJ1Jeen the box and the concrete walls of the mIet bec2tlSe of the 'an~v~n '~dges of • the inlet TIiliJ situ:u~dollil i~ fairly common in most inlets due to loose tolerances in construction techniques. In the grass test, 6.58 Ibs. of grass were .washed into the inlet and 5.22 lbs. were captured, resulting in 1.36 Ibs. of grass passing through the GISB. This represents a removal efficiency of79.3%. The pretest grass sample had a Total Phosphorus content of 950 mg/kg and a TKN content of 510 mg/kg. The grass sample removed from the GISB had a Total Phosphorus content of2,270 mglkg and TKN content of 90S mglkg. The sediment test was a little more complex. The initial results showed that of the 57.87 lbs. of sediment introduced to tile GISB, 42.41 lbs. were captured, giving a total mass removal efficiency of 73.3%. Universal Engineering indicates that the Pretest sample had 10.7 % gravel, 88.0% sand, and 1.4% clay. 1.'he Post test sample had 2S.~ gravel, 14.7% sand, and 1."" clay. Gravel is coDSidered to be particles No.4 ~ larger. Silt and clay is de~ as particles passing tlm No. 200 sieve. Sieve Size 3/8" PreTest 94.3 "Passing PostTest 88.8 %Passina Difference 5.5 ConclusioBs: Table 1 Sediment SIeve ADalysls No. 4 No. 10 No. 40' No. 60 89.3 81.8: 64.S 50.3 74.1 62.6 44.2 31.8 15.2 19.2 20.6· 18.5 No.IGO' No. 200 25.5 1.4 ·14.7 1.7 10.S -0.3 At the ftow rate tested, the GISB removed 79.3% of the grass clippings washed into it. Tho ability of the omB to remove grass during large flows when water passes through the bypass holes was not tested. In Florida, 90% of the storms are low rai:nfilll events of I" or less, resulting in low flows similar to the test conditions. This makes the GISa a very effective BMP for Low flowevents. It is unknown how e:tfectively the GISa works in large storm events. By keeping grass and other trapped organic debris in a d,ry state, the llllutrients in the, debris do not leach out and become dissolved nitrates and phosphates. 1lJcGISB Us a very effective BMP for preventing nutrients from organic debris -from entering waterbodies. The significant increase in nutrient concentration after the test is probably attributed to the u..<!t of wastewater reuse v.'ater during the test. The grass matted several inches thick in the oottom of the box. This thick layer could have acted as a. filter to remove nutrients from the water source. At the flow rate of 1.1 ciS, the OISB bad a sediment ~'emoval efficiency of 13.3% • .AS would be expected, most of the trapped sedlnr&nt was gravel and sand, w~~ little fine material collected. Th~ GISB M.s sediment remo'vai -capabilities rivlIDng ilio:re found 11. :t.!ialf1y tltructurru BNiPs, at a ii"3Cnon of the ~ost, 111d Vvi:iliout Jisrnjptive ~~0i1.!li:rnctio:n. 3 UNIVER.S L ENGINEERING SCIENCES ~IIl:Gededml~"~~· ~Maledafs Tes1ilg" ~ ~ 820 Brevard Avenue • Rockledge, Florida 32955 (321) 63S-0808 Fax (321) 638-0978 • November 2, 2001 Mr. Gordon England. P.E. Creech Engineers. Inc. 4450 West Eau Gallie Boulevard Melbourne, Florida 32934 Reference: Grate Inlet Skimmer Box Evaluation . Northwest Comer of South Brevard Avenue and South alh Street Cocoa Beach, Brevard County. florida Universal Project No. 33186"()02"()1 Universal Report No. 51479 Dear Mr. England: Universal Engineering Sciences. Inc. (Universal) has completed an evaluation af a Grate Inlet Skimmer Box (GISS) in accordance with Un.lversal Proposal No. P01-Q781. The evaluation was conducted to document the pollutant removal effectiveness at the above-referenced site. A Location Map, Site Map and Site Photographs are presented as Attachments 1. 2 ~nd 3, respectively. . Sediment Testing Universal supplied the sediment sample for the GISe evaluation. The sediment sample consisted of fine sands. coarse grain sands with crushed shells. and gravei. A gradation analysis of the sediment sample (S-1) was perfonned. prior to GISS performance testing. The percentages of saJI grains. by welg~t, retained· on each sieve ware measured and a grain size distribution curve generated. to determine the textural nature of the sample and provide a control (baseline) prior to fieldwork. A sediment sample of known weIght (57.87 Ibs.) was placed on the pavement upstream of the GISB and washed into the GISB with a portable water source simulating a storm ~vent. The captured sediment was then removed ftom the GISS. dried and weighed. The Captured sediment weighed 42.41 Ibs. resulting in a loss of 15.46 Ibs. from the GISB testing. A gradation analysis of the captured sediment sample (8-2) was performad. Universal completed particle size analyses on the two representative sediment samples (8-1 and 5-2). The samples were tested according to the procedures for mechanical sieving of ASTM 0 422 (Standard Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils). In part, ASTM D 422 requires passing each specimen over a standard s~t of ne~ted sieves (% inch,. No.4, No. 10. No. 40. No. 60, No. 100, No. 200). The percentage of the soil grains reiained on each siave size are deiem1ined to provide the grain size distribution of the sample. The dlsnibuifon determines 'H13 textural nature of the soil sample and aids in evaluating i~s engineering characteristics. • Mr. Gordon England November 2. 2001 Page 2 Project No. 33186-002Q 01! Report No. 51479 Sm 1 consisted of 10.7 percent gravel (grain size larger than 4.75 mm), 88.0 percent sand (grain size between 0.075 mm and 4.75 mm), and 1.4 percent fines (gratn size less than '0.075 mm). S .. 2 consisted of 25.9 percent gravel, 72.4 percent sand, and 1.7 percent fines. The grain size distribution curves are presented as Attachment 4. According to the Unified 'Soil Classification System (USCS), S-1 and S-2 were classified as poorly-graded gravely sand [SP]. Based on the· gradation analysis. the major portion of the lost sediment was the flne sand component. ' Grass Clippings Test The grass clippings were supplied by Suntree Technologies. A grab sample of grass (G-1) was collected and submitted for laboratory analysis to detennine the TKN (EPA Method 351.2) and Total Phosphorus (EPA Method 365.3) content A grass sample of known weIght (6.58 Ibs.) was placed on the pavement upstream of the GISB. The grass clippings were washed into the GISS In the same manner as the sediment sample. The captured grass cUpplngs were then removed from the GISB. dried and weighed. The captured grass clippings weighed 5.22lbs. resulting in a· loss of 1.36 Ibs. A seCond grab sample (G-2) was collected frOm the captured' grass cOpplngs and submitted for laboratory analysis to determine the removal efflclencyfor TKN and Total Phosphorus. The sampJes were shipped to PC&B Laboratories, Inc. in OViedo, Florida. laboratorY analysis documented 950 milligrams per Kilogram (mg/Kg) of Total Phosphorus and 510 mglKg of TKN for G-1. Laboratory analysis documented 2.270 mgIKg of Total Phosphorus and 905 mg/Kg of TKN for G~2. Laboratory Analytical Results and Chalrw>f..custody Documentation are presented as Attachment 5. Universal appreCiates the opportunity to provide environmental services as part of your project team. Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the underslgnetd at (321) 638-0808. ~e~pectfully submitted. Universal Engineering Sciences. Inc. ~~.£J James E. Adams Staff Scientist II Robart Alan Speed Raglonal Manager Rockledge Branch 0\1Ic8 (2) Addressee Attachments Attachment 1: Site Location Map Attachment 2: Site Map Attachment 3: Site Photographs Attachment 4: Soil Gradation Curves Attachment 5: laboratory Analytical ReslIits and Chain-of-Custody Documentation \\u>3srock\dala\reports\envrpts\anv2001\51479 gisb ~valualian r61)olt.cloo Gfste 'n~at Sf<fmmarBox i2valu12iion SOtatil iSreval"d 90ulevanf Cacoa 3eech, B('s\i~id County, F~otirc!a • ( • ATTACHMENT 2 SITE MAP RESIDENTIAL CONDOMINIUMS CONDOMIN~UM DRIVEWAY (~=LAN=' =M=~=~=~:=M=E=D=~) RESIDENTIAL CONDOMINIUMS , , , , , , I I : I I , , , , I I I , , . , , RESIDENtiAL ._-----1---CONCRETE DRAINAGE SWALE SOUTH 8TH STREET Grata Inlat Skimmer Box Evaluation South Brevard Boulevard Cocoa Beach, Brfivard County, P!orlda RESIDENTIAL ATTACHMENT 3 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ( • ,.: . • • . . Orate Inlet· at 600 South Brev~d AvenUoj 'Cocoa Beach Grate Inlet Skimmer Box Features florIda TYPe C Inlet storm Boom, Zip ~~ Flange Is reinforced with knitted 1808 :1:450 biaxial fiberglass • .... l!':L~;i:liit-,"'r,' ........ -." .t~~ ~I • ::. . " Sediment Enterhlg OISB • Sediment Trapped in GISB ' .. .... , ( "~':':" "':. ,..:,'~.: , '. Pollutant Removai Testmg fOl· a Swtree Technologies Gr~te Iillet Skimmer Box 81ITE liEIOTOGR..o\1HS • .. , GISB Inserted into Inlet : .... ','.: "\' Grass Testing . . . ~. " •••• 'I ",-Pollutant Removal Testing for a Soottee Technologies Grate fulet Sm.mel' Box SIrE llBl)O'1f'OtGR..<\JPE(S • .Grass Clipp. Entering OISB • PollUtant Removal Testing for a Suntr~ T~bnologies frtate Inlet Sldr'''Imer Box ~In lPHOTOG~~<u?IffiS I j 1 • • 1 • ...... :J.~ _.~~::::::.:~':':';:~. ~:::-. -··I-: ... ....:::.~::::.::i.e;;;:;:;:::=:::i ... ~~._..:=::C:c_~.""=""' ...... = -'::z.::;"".-:;:;;;:::;;';'--:-::-.. ': .:.: .. '::;::::~ .. :.::". Grate Infet Skimmer Box Evaluation .. ~ .. " i"" .... ; NWC of SouUl Brevard Avenue and South aUt Street.' ~ . ':1 .. J Cocoa Beach. Brevard County, Florida : ':."" :'.I.:~~' :".1 ~ SITE PHOTOGRAPHS . 1J~!~~Ji~ 'IUfll\wi~;;r: .uMe iClieCKGUIJY: l1MI!: I ,~IA -'-'lOJZr:/01 ! WA I iV/SCI01 ,~. . p"i'iOJia'cma "il'·i'o.;-r.~-r';\T:lS':'ltf. il NlA --..I 331aSo()2..f)1 I 51.179 " PM6 1 ~~~..,.... -:::-_.:-= .... = ... ~._,.. .-.---,-;:r-:--:-:--; .. -_ ••.••• -.............. -...... • .... , .... _.~. _..... ..~.~ ~"" -I ! I .----j ... -. ·-i .. :) cleaning. Grate Inlet Skimmer Box Evaluation NWC of Souih 8revard Avenue and South 3ill Street . Cocoa Beach, Brevard County. florida SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ( ! \~:.,.. .:.1 Grate ~r.let Skimmer Box Evaluation ~C of South Brevard Avenue and Sornh ath Street Coooa Baach. Brevard CounW. Florida SiTE PHOTOGR.~PHS • "'::. : '-~""""--""-""''''''''''''''' ATTACHMENT 4 . . SOIL GRADATION CURVES U.S. SiEVE NUMBERS I 6 S 1@ 14 1f! 2IJ alll 40 59 10 100 140 200 I 0 II I I 8 i 95 I I I 90~~~--+H'!~.~r;~~-fl~~rt-i--~~HH;r;-;~-t~:trrr;-1r--~HTTt-r-r--~ r, ! . ~~~--~+HHr~~~H.~:\+-~H+HIHr~~~I+HHr~~~rr~~ 80~+'-~~~'H1~~I--~H+T+-P~,,-ffH+r.i~-r--~fhHrr-r~~nHrr;--4 &75~~4---~~+4-;Ir--HHTT.;~~r-~~HHIr+-+--~~irr~-;---H~~-r-r--; ~~~+-~-»M+~~~~+HH-~~~~~H!rr~~~I·HH~-r--ttH~r+-r--; I~e ~ N·~4-4---~+++4~r-~H+++~~--ff+HH~r-r--7~HrrT~---ttH7TT~~--; T i If\ M~~~--+H~rr+-~--~HHH-+-T---H+HHH.H,rr-;---ffflIH.HH~-;~~H+Hrr;~~-i '~:~~~-*m:+H~~~~HH~~~fl+~~~~~~~·.:HH~~-4~rMrr~~ iR~~~~~rHr+~~~r+~.~M+~'I~-ffi~++~~~H;-r-; ~~~+-+-~~+++-+-~~++~+-~~~~~\~~~~+-.r--fl+H++~+-~ ~ I \ 11 ~ 'I 1\ . [~~~~~~H+++~~~~~+--flH+~i~-Hl~~~4-+-~~+r+-~~ I~H~+-r--ff~,~~-'--*H~~-+--~HH~.~~~~HH-r-r--*H++++-+~ l • i ~~+-+-~~·~++-+--#H++~-+--~~~I~~~~HH-r~~HH++~.-. ~~ 15~~~--4H~rr~~--~~H-+-~--~HHHr+-+'--TH\flH~-+-+---H+HHHr+~---i 10~~~--~~~+-~--~~~r-+-~~~~+-+-~~~;-r-+-~~~~+-+-~ 5~~~--~~rr+-~--~H1rl-r-+-__ ~Hrl~.!r+-+--~~I~;-r-+---~~;-+-+-~ O~~~~~~ ____ ~~~~ ____ ~~~~~~ .. ~~~~ __ ~~~~~ __ ~~. 100 10 t 0.1 0.01 0.001 GRAIN SIZE IN MIWMErERS' COB8lES t. coa :sl J 11m. Speelmen Id~ntiftcation • 81 SEDIMENT l' Specimen Hdentiflcatlon 0100 12.GO rt.38 318" NO.4 1'10.10 ~.3 ;ill9.3 CREECH eMG~NEERBNG ~'l5O 'IN. EAU GALULS ~OULic-VARO ?~dELraOURME FlORiDA 3~~34 ]Ol( :eVt~lijA1l0N ::3~~VAt:W COUN'N. F~Oiru~A 000 0.164 u PL PI Co Cu 0.79 3.7 010 %Gravel %Sand %Sitt I %Clay 0.10961 10.1 :&8.0 NO. 40 NO. 00 Cijll3ilt Mo: Report I~O: J)3i*a: NO. 100 'S31.3S-G82-i!J1 ~14i9 '11li9flii1 1.4 NO. 200 1.4 I I I I ~ • Y.$. ~BWE OPfeNliliGiN iNCHE$ U.S •. SiEVE wllIisms HYDROMaE~ 6 4 ,2 f•s 13f4'112 5 Ii 8 1@ _14' » W... 51) 70 100 1~ :1.011 100 0 I~ I , I I II I I I 95 , .... 85 .-ov I; ;: " Ii: , 1\ '\ IT _ '--" .~ r 50 I-, . . ~~ \ , '-~: [It . ... f: , \ \ .. ,.. ... , ... \ • ., ;, n 11 0 0.: 0.' 01 GMIN SIZE IN MIlLIMETERS COBBLES I t ~ I. SILTORC;:LAY I COli 1M I 'ilmt I Wilrw I 00. I Specimen IdentHIcaUon CGassiftcation MC% LL PL PI Cc. Cu l-SI 0.30 13.7 SEDIMENT 2 S~enldentification 0100 060 D30 010 %Gravel %Sand %Silt I %Glay. i~ S2 12.50 1.81' 0.237 ro.11$' 25.' 7204 1.7 3/4" 3i&-NO.4 NO. 10 NO. 40 &'&0.80 NO. 'dOO NO. 200 ~8.0 14.1 $2.6 44.2 31.8 114.7 1.7 cnnsnt: CREECH faNGrN!eIERUNG CUant No: 33138-$02..01 ",'l45I W. liAU GAWE SOULCViUW }tejllGrtMo: 1$"1479 [lfl.!El,OOUruilE FlOmD.A j2'234 D~~9: ~'Di9iO'1 iPr.J)j@lGt: ~AA"il1! J~jlU..:;Y .]j(J~i!lju~R aox ~~fijJ.D.\1~CN 3~IEVAb~1i) CCYa\liT'V» J=lD~~a[OA ..... ,,~ In ~'.l. ........ .,. .... r.-a.:cIl.~.JI, 19 """'-"') a:,..,.,,, ' •• ~.'", • ATTACHMENT S .' . . LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND • CHAIN-OP-CUSTQDY DOCUMENTATION ( I,. PC&B Env~ronmentallabcratoriesll Inc" 210 Park Roadg Oviedo" Florida 32765 Phone: 407-359 .. 7194 Fax: 407 .. 359-7197 Client: Universal Engineering Sciences 820 Brevard AVenl,l8 Rockledge. FL 32955- Laboratory Reference Number: 201090199 Project Name: Inlet Skimmer Box Evaluation Project Numbar : Laboratory 10 Matrbc 201090199-1 Solid Number 1 1 Parameter' EPA 6010 EPA 92001351-.2 CllantlO G-1 DescrlpUon Phosphorus by ICAP Total Nitrogen Contact: James Adams Pilone : (321) 638-0808 Chain of Custody: 24025 Status Datemma Sampled RUN 09i26f.Z001 14:20 • j ~ •. " . • PC&B Environmental Laboratories, Inc. 210 Park Road James Adams Universal Engineering Sciences 820 Brevard Avenue Rockledge, FL 32955- Oviedo, FL 32765·8801 401 .. 359·7194 • (FAX' 407-359·7197 Casa Narrative CASE NARRATIVE for Wo~ Order: 201Q90.199 Project Number: .. Project Name: Inlet Skimmer Box .EvalUation This Case Narrative Is a summary of events and/or problems· encountered With this Work Order. \~a1YSiS for TKN was perfo~ed by Environmental ~cience Corporation (E87497). Definition of FIIfj! • :.... .... , • Environmental Labomiones.IBl@. ark Road 4do. Fl 32765-8801 ONEj 401-359-7194 ab Reference Number lIant Sample 10 OatelTlme Sampled Sample Matrix (a. Rece!ve~) EPA 6010 Phosphorus, Total EPA 92001351.2 Total Nitrogen mg/kg mglkg ~201G9019g..1 0-1 09fl6iZOO1 14:20 Solid 950 510 CUENT NAME: Universal Engineering Sciences PROJECT NAME: Infet Skimmer Box Evaluation . PROJECT NUMBER: DATE RECEIVED: 0912612001 • Un'''''''''. The value _~nQ i~y is ... RI,. ~l!!:! ... Iyle. Re,ulls ~e2""d on • ""at We~hl basi,. fDEP CompOAPPif# 900134G -FDOH Ca.-litication tJ'E83239 '. Anal~ • QuaUty Control Report for Spike Analysis INORGANICS Lower Spike Sample Spltca Pen:ent ContrCII Amount Result ' Raul ~ LfmI samp; lbiiiid902il3Oi-DaGtfbj loot. b&~i2Oii1 AnaW GG 10.0 mgIkQ 70. 78..1 81 . 70 Upper Control Umi 120 :~ ,~~. ~A~~~~~~~UiI IC.hain tOa ,-,~.od~.1 . ..UI'" ""' .. VI. qyp" v-« ~ ~~-1i~4 11&) 401-359-7197 . lJ Date: age. "f. \.}(. '5 ANAlYSIS REQUES'I'ED ~: ~~2::> 'tl.J2;8fI\~ AV (2I:Jt~ J/.....{ ~V1b.€ Go-. 32-~~ ~ ...\ ~ ~ i Hlr. )A~vte,S kA;V\~~ n~)" ~ ! ~ , ; -FAX: ~ _.J ~ ':< ~~ . @ . ' -' ... --. . li ' ~'i 8 ~ SAiVI?i-i; U) IiATiUfIMi: I I ! 2 I f I ~ .• -, 6<'" t .9i-uo Jp ( II'"llD ~ J\.' ~ '2 .. I • . . """"r~=' .~,..,., lUISHED 1:IY DAT~ RECEIVED B PROJECT INFORMATION SAMPLE REceln :.-,r-'I I I ~J j "" .. At?! MO.IICTNAME: INlirr $tuM~ '60)( _ ' '.]-~ _.~--:-~l I A ).~A fA • KLIn eV.A.U~~ Total # of Containers ~ ,. i-fe.V ' PfIAoIECT.:. . , Cbain of Custody Seals 3: IltEAIIDR&It: n ...... _A "',;:v..,..,1 • ~ ~ .... 'I • RK>/'d iB Good Condition ..;,... '~'=u.;:.' 1N""(~iJCTIONSlCOr1Hl-iiEN'fS: PRQ.IIiCT MNtAINiR: . '.\AUg ~~ PO~ .OICETO: ~-;:'-"':..-.. --' -... -I '(';Oill·(~""tr fl.: ' .... _. . ,',...' ..... . . WHIII:........... _a-.--.-_ .. .~~. , ~ ~~'J'ID!' ...... ICh. f. '--IEr.;;;: dyt, .... u ... 1\ UI'U".. "'-If '" "I.,. "n< L...:i· 1~:027es 81n o. " , . ;-'1'Hg4 ... , 1~~1 . . . __ '-i. Dat.e:I!J I Page (Of'1 ------, ". ": U-c::.· ....... C~ ,."._-:--"-__ ---...-------4~~~ ..... _r-IiIopII~~~==~=;;=:=r=--...,.-_r--_r_-.,...__,r__1 , '~.tJY<6 4\/ ~~~ ... ~ :3 j't ~ «: tW; ~ ." '. '~·Ul..c:;-s... A .'-1 'I \i .. ~Vj.;;'U: ii) D ,~TEltuaE I i 1iiTf1 ~r . ~ ; ;;g ...... 2~;. Z ~ Ilbl folD ( ~ 1"1"1 )(,1 X ~ - I a; -., ..... ----~.....---- ::;w! Oi\i'r'AA¢i~ li-": SAMPLE RECEIPT PRGoII01' IWIi: PRO.IIIC1'tI: I aria I P80~. _ .. : TO: TaUI t# of Containers CIIIin of Cu.Ifody aula Recv'd In Good ConcIiUoIJ POll: ~ ... ---- . lb Reference Number .lient Samp181D Datel11me Sampled Sample Matrix (a. Received) EPA 6010 Phosphorus. Total EPA 92001351.2 Total Nitrogen • ....... ". ~ 20110016a..1 G-! 1011012001 0:00: Solid mglkg 2270 mglkg 905 CliENT NAME: Universal Engineering Sclenoa& PROJECT NAME: PROJECT NUMBER: DATE RECEIVED: 1011812001 (. ~"J = Undetected. il1a value prec~eding the y ~s the RL for Ute anaM.~:..~~!!!.?j:1crtad on !]Yet Weight b~,f~ l-D;:P COn1pOAPP 'if. 900134(3 -FDOH Cartification it 1;83239 ~---------- il a ,ty\ Reviewed by ~:;..._...,:;.",;~Q:..-\_,,~_ r PC&B Environmental Laboratories, Inc. 210 Park Road, Oviedo" Rorida 32765 Phone:~07-35~7194 Fax:407~5~7197 Client: . Universal Engineering ScIences 820 Brevard Avenue Rockledge. FL 32955- Laboratory Reference Number: 201100168 Project Name: Project Number: laboratory 10 Matrix 201100188-1 Sol~ Number 1 .. , .. Parameter EPA 6010 EPA 92001351.2 cnentlO PhosphoruS by lCAP Total Nltragen Contact: Bob Speed Phone: (321) 638-0808 Chain of Custody: 20344 Status Da~meSamp'ed RUN 10/1012001 • ( ... ~.:: . •• • f.:.: QllJality C@ntroR Report for Spike Analysis dCB*h: 2llihiilRC1Q1 INORGANICS Spike Amount liit'§.lQ 20.0 mgncg 178.0 199.0 105 78 Upper Control LImit 120 • ( ( • ( • SITE EVALUATION OF SUNTREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. GRATE INLET SKIMMER BOXES FOR DEBRIS, SEDIMENT, AND OIL & GREASE ~EMOVAL Reedy Creek Improvement District Planning & Engineering Department ~ddie Snell, Compliance Specialist Stoonwala' is now ~ as die 1eadini samra of podution to our _ioin. natUIaI water bodiei in 1he United, Stafes. Development and urbaDizaticIa avo' JailoVtd Most of, the natural filtratioa and sediDl. trapping syStems 1X'OVi~ by the environment. Cunent 4evelopment must address this Deed through the imp~ementatiOD or. ~W_" " lleatmen's ~ in 4Ie project desip. Mea of *-systems pdOnn reasonably weD,· if properly . desiaDed. ~ and maintained. ' Retrofit of older mbaa areis Iackina theso modem stmmwala' ~stcms is a continually ~vo', cbaDenSO. The Downtown, Disney coqJiex, tbtmerly tte Lake Buena ,VISta ShoppiDa ViJfage, has several drainago basia with 'J?1O'. sfDnnwatw sy$faDS. Thesct I)lder systems discbargo directly iinto· tho adjacent draiDago canal With no poUutant treatment Over time the accumulation of' $Odimcmfi, . nutrients, intel1sivo developDlent, and recreationaVentertaimnent pressures ate contributing' to watel" quality degradation. Whenc~er new develQpment or ~evelopm_ ocean. die ~mwatrr system is ~ to current oodeIpennit requirements. In the interim, several areas are ill, need rot rapid, effective, and economical improvement in the quality of its stormwater discharge. I SUMIlree l'echoolcgi_ lfnoo~ !ooDd Un Cape Canaveral, FL, maanu&ctures stomlwater grato inlet skimmer boxes. They .e made of a hlgh qwilifJ fiberglass me, with stainless mel fdter screens backed by heavy.:wty :alumin~ grating. Each l1lDit is custom made to accommodate vilrlous inlet ~izes. A hydrocarbon. absorption ooom is attached to the top of ilio sldmmer box for p~lroleum, :Gi~ 2nd grease removal. These devices fit below fue grate and catch sediment, debris, and petroleums, oils & greases. Clean-ou~ maintenance, and performance reporting is provided 'by SU11tteeon a ook:dWoo basis. ' \. { 'Picture of Grate Inlet Skimmer Box , , Tho Reedy Creek Improvement District' (RCID) selected s~, (6) te~ sites in the Lake Buena Vista area 'to evaluate tho perfmmance of these units. One unit was placed in a clUb inlet along Hotal Plaza BOOlevard to trap Iandse8pe leaf litter, sediment, and oil & grease from a high use roadway. Three, (3) units were placed in tho backstage service area of the Rain Forest Cafe. Two (2) units w~ placed in the 'backstage service m:ea of, the McDonald's restaurant ad Legos x:nerchandise shop. After several field meetings, during which Suntree took extensive measurements, photos, and other documentation of each stOlmwater drain. the Grato Inlet Skimmer Boxes were manufactured and delivered roc installation. AU 1UIlits wete installed without mishap , approximately two weeks ooforo tho 1999 Christmas holiday seQSOll. Tho target 11lm.e period ,for particle catchment was one month. Mr. Henry :and Tom Happel, Suntree Technologies, visited each site several times during the month to ensure that debris would ' not fill the units too soon. On Janumy 25,2000, Suntree serviced !he six: UlI1its. At each site, the material captured in the skimmer boXl,,~ w~s removed, me3sw'ed, weighed, visually identified, photographed, and reccroed. Som.e m1its were sJlghtl-y f.$ld il1Cdified :nr optim~n i.ieafonnance. All ... , ..... • units performed as expected MIOOiing, OIl average, 20 pounds rJf debrh hm ~dl of the six sites. Tho composition of debris varied considerably. The Hotel Plaza (roadway) site was 900,4 leaf litter and 10% sediment The Rain Forest Cafe sites ran in opposition as you got close to the lake. First inlet was about 50% leaf littel and cigaretto butts and 50% sediment Tho middle inlet was 60 % sediment and 30 % leaf litter (IotA mi~ellaneous). Tho inlet closest to the lake was 95% sediment and 5% leaf litter. The two sites at the McDonaldslLegos area were similar to each other. The site closest to tho lako was 95% sediment and S% leaf Jitter. The site closest to ihe entrance· gate was 980/. litter sediment and 2% leaf litmr. t Ii' .1 :i~ This composition is indicative of tho human .aetivities and drainaso flow patterns of that site. Backstage areas in the WaIt Disney Wood Resort receivo an ·artificial min event each night during cleaning operations. This washes .a continUal flow over the impervious site, washing all materials intO the stonnwator system. . Municipalities in Brevard, Volusia mld Dade oounties have mreeessfulJy used inlet 3kimmers :in Florida. ReID partnered with Walt Disney ~gineering (WDI) Research and Development to coordinate some basic chemical sampling for pollutant removal efficiency det.ennination. Mr. Craig Duxbury, WDI, provided tecJmical 'support and guidance fer this. An hlgeniously simplo device was fabricated by Sootreo to allow • sampling of the First Flush of water going into the _ ood ultimately coming out of the' ~_ skimmer boxes. . ~llllllllllllllil at· . • !I't. '" • ~ ___ ~ ----__ ..... ,',0-__ ~ .. _-~._. ------~ • ~~--------------.-<---,--•• -- Pollutant Removal Efficiency 80% I I I 70%, 'j-'., .... -.' r 60% I ............ -...1 .... , .:~.~, .... '. '" .. ' .~ .. ; .. I . .' . , !Ct . 500/0 .. j,~ &, ~ U ! ::J A thO'1 i . ' .. " 1qjtU/ 10 ~. . .. , .. :-.-":""'.'~' .!. it 30% \. '. , I '. 20% ! ..... ~ I I l1@%·t .. . . , I . . . . 0% L.·· :.0 .. '.' .. ·· .• : .. ,· ... ,··· 1 .. _._ .. __ ._----_. __ . % Chalrnge P~~rlf1@t®r I Ammonia. ,Sancylate I Chemical' Ox;gen Demand • Nitrate and Nitrife [] NHrogen, Total KJeldahl . 3 011 and Graase • Phospbalt, Total II Solids, Suspender ( ( _IOCL ENViRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. v The Can~ornia Curb Shelf Basket Water Agu,e1 . i-*. :"{. • . J-.. 1V1anhoi. ... .~ .. 1<;;'1 .. r ... oa.' 4 ........ ~":I. o '" a ~ ',.,4 0 0 II -. -'44~ '.~'w -. oG18lla CIt Z-mold F1QU181 P.O. Box 869 O':soli1sida, CA 92049 ;-I(.,...~ 4"''', .. 74 Af"iI ;"I ?-;~ ... (7&."" .J':l,,) "1""'1/ . . . -. .. . . . ' . ' ( f ... '----.. ---'-' --_._. __ ._. ---.-.... -.. ~.-----~ ~--------'--~---- t;'Bi 'TOP VIEW [i1] 78~ FLOW SCHEMATIC SIDE VIEW STORM BOOM TURBULENCE -Oe:F"LECTOR , ."';' : ... : ~;::. Flaw Specifications Oeit;liptlott 01 mt .. opening ..... D,$O-;r • Sltlmm_, llrof«:ttld Sy-P<lA fOOS 62" Mf:idItIff'I ScNer" »f';, III hWA 56:1 .t4lnlltn .~I nn. S~.,,' , •• fJ "' • .,. 68~ .'at'n"'.. st.., THROAT FLOW M1E" Tofol:o.. cl. .. .. . . " : • I • • • .' 50,j 50.3 1.8 ,50,J 31.2 '-3 50..J 28.t 0..5 12.6 8.1 2.4 '!REArED FLOW RA'1£ Total: 5.D ci. • J. ' .. I , . '. 1-11----SKIMMe:R PRDTECTED BVPASS ' ~~----COARSE SCREEN ... 4 .. • '4 ". . .. , . 25 ...... ----Me:DIUM SCREEN ....... ---..... F'INE SCREEN:: BOX MANUrACTURED FROM MARINE GRADE FIBERGLASS & GEL COATED rOR UV PROTECTION 5 yeAR MANUfACTURER'S WARRANTY ....... ~ _____ ...J •• • jI-..... , , . . 4 ." ... • '! • .. ~. [CONCRETE STRUCTURt) ~~£\IIIavE: GRATE INSERT GIS1l ~EINSTAI.L GRATE ~LL fIL TE~S~RJE~ ~! ~EiI'.JLE:sS STEEL GRATE iNLfT SKhj,IM£R BOX FOFI FLORIDA DOr ,"'(.of x INL£T STRUCTUR£S. !Jio Clean EnwfOnmem'iill Ser;fc6S" inc. P030x8t59 (JceafJsfde, C4 9.2C49 • -~ '_...! -• 141003 ~24'# Flow Specifications /)§cI'iplion, ~, of f,U", Op .. "pelling ..... 1_ TOP VIEW .. 0::.. h~' Sltltrlrnllr ~j -.~ PlOtfIGt.cd 100. ~-Pos1r 24- 62~ 'IifIdNm SIi:I'Hft "J II Itl IfIMh ' tUN SCHEMATIC .-----STORM BDCM ; , .... . ,. sco/n, ... st. 5f. nne SC ...... ,.. 1# fI IfNIJIt ~ :stQirl/Oft .,,.., 'THROAT now RATE Tot(1I:4.4 cis ' ... G~AT£-~""" .'. v.---I~-+-_TURBULENCE ", DEF1..ECTDR SIDE VIEW FfOrt SqUG(e /ncher Ra'. Inr:ha of Totti (Cubit: pl'!!:t' tln,l Fest '62.:1 16~.J 6.7 1f~5 S9.Q 4.3 r4J.5 S0.4 f.ol 1$6.7 lOB. 1 6..J TRfATEO 17.0'1/ RATE: Total: 2'.' ~/. I ..... _ SKIMMER PROTECTED '-_--' BYPASS ~m_j-l--COARSe: SCREEN 25'~ HJt--MEDIUM SCREEN , ..--.... FINE SCREEN .. " Bex MANUFACTURED FROM MARINE GRAD( rIBERGLASS ~ GEL COATED FOR UV PROTrCTION 5 YEAR MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY (-.L fILTEfs~RrE~~!~T~NLESS STEEL .( GRATE iNLET SKIMll;/ER BOX FOR FLORIDA DOr TYPE I INLET 5 'fRUC rUl:(fS. ., 0:.. " • 1 ,~ , .. END VIEW MOUNT TO VALL aELOW GRA TE VIrH MOUNTlNG KIT CONSISTING or ALUMINUM ANGLES. TAPCONS. AND DRILL BrTS MOUN-rING KIT SOLD SEP,t\RA TEL Y .... _-_ ................. " ."-''' ..... . 210 Clean Eii!/irof'lmt1i1t?J1 Ser//ces, .flU:. PO Box 869 Dc:;xgnsfd4 :C41 :92049 -.::3y ..... 6 Flow Specifications ~~--~~--~~~~~~------~ Ico----..... J61D-===--~:osj 25" OfJIsr:1t,ti0f8 Petc:en' Talot Squat. no'll oillei' Open $quaM Inehru Ratll Dpening ...". Inch .. of Total . (C~ .sa... pet.. U~ U(lobsltuf:1 I'I!ff tw ....... (}pem"ngs Set: nd Slitl,.,,,.,., 36" prot",. e,-1'o$SI. IDOM . .:sar.s 38'.5 1.14 oats. $.:, .. " -V"'-JJf 1-.:1/ .. " $CtJlnl ... s'''' 62" 2J1.D 142 6.2 Rottenflrl tilt ttdtld Medium S,.",.,. ,Q. IQ tn"" 5_ sto,'",... st"aI '2~1.D r29.~ 11.4 Fin. $c,....., '4 II " m"" 681r 281.!J '92.8 '0.8 stGinle" st.., THROAT FLOW {?ATE: TRE'A1W now R.4T£ (jRAT~ $IDE VIEW SKIMMER PROTECTED BYPASS' CDARSE SCREEN .. , . ~IEDIUM SCREEN FINE SCREEN BOX MANUFACTURED rRDM MARINE GRADE fIBERGLASS & GEL COATED FOR UV PROTECTION S YEAR MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY Tott:ll: ~I.. ttl. Total: JII.' cr. • · · . .. · .. · ... ..... .. . '. .... . '. oj .. ' .0. .. • .i . . ' . .. 4 . . '. ~ 4 -" ... . . • jtI • END VIEW . . "-.' .• " .. 4· . 'CONCREr.~ STRUC TUREf to.' REMOVe: GRATE INSERT GISB R£INSTALL GRATE • PATENTED , ALL FILTER SCREENS ARE STAINLESS STEEL GRA rt INLET SKJiltJM£l? SOX FOR FLORIDA DOT INLET Srp?UCTURES. BioClaan Environmental5efll1'ce!t-.!;iC P09ox869 Dceat]slele, 01 .92C49 • SECTIONS • • P©l~t COU'ftstlruction laMPs. Maintenance Cost Responsibilities The following are privately maintained and will be conducted by Opus West Corporation (or future parties with legal ownership of the individual properties): 1. All on-site roads and parking lots 2. Periodic street sweeping 3. Storm drain inlet stenciling and signage 4. Trash storage areas will be properly designed and installed per City of Carlsba~'s Standard Drawings. Trash will be collected either weekly or bi- weekly (depending on arrangement with waste disposal company) by Waste Management. 5. All planted slopes and landscaped areas 6. Private storm drain system City Maintained: 1. Public Water and Sewer Systems are the responsibility of the City of Carlsbad and the Carlsbad MuniCipal Water District to maintain. } ... !' ,. 12 "I