HomeMy WebLinkAboutSDP 2018-0022; RESORT VIEW APARTMENTS; PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT; 2019-05-30r \,
May 30, 2019
Rincon Project No: 18-05705
BNR Investments & Development
23800 Via del Rio
Yorba Linda, California 92887
c/o Foxlin Architects
Contact: David Miller, Project Manager
Submitted via email: david@foxlin.com
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
2215 Faraday Avenue. Suite A
Carlsbad, California 92008
760 918 9444
info@rincon consultants. com
www rinconconsultants com
~ity of Carlsbacil
MAR 2 6 2019
ttanning Division
Subject: Paleontological Resource Assessment for the Resort View Project, City of Carlsbad,
San Diego County, California
Dear Mr. Miller:
Rincon Consultants, Inc. (Rincon) was retained by Foxlin Architects to conduct a paleontological
resource assessment for the Resort View Project (project) in the City of Carlsbad (City), San Diego
County, California. The goal of the assessment is to identify the geologic units that may be impacted
by development of the project, determine the paleontological sensitivity of geologic units within
the project site, assess potential for impacts to paleontological resources from development of the
project, and recommend mitigation measures to avoid or mitigate impacts to scientifically
significant paleontological resources, as necessary. Figures are provided in Attachment A.
This paleontological resource assessment has been prepared to support environmental review
under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City is the CEQA Lead Agency for the
project.
Project Location and Description
The 0.86-acre (37,461 square feet) project site is located in the City of Carlsbad along Viejo Castilla
Way, south of Navarra Drive and west of Pirineos Way (Attachment A, Figure l}. The project site is
adjacent to existing multi-family residences to the north and west, and adjacent to a portion of the
La Costa Golf Course to the south (Attachment A, Figure 2). The project site consists of two parcels:
Assessor's Parcel Numbers (APN) 216-170-1500 and 216-170-1400. Both parcels are currently
undeveloped.
The project includes the construction of 26 residential units in five separate residential buildings.
Two buildings on the southern portion of the project site adjacent to the La Costa Golf Course
would each be three stories, with three townhome units each and a floor area of 6,882 to 6,801
square feet. The two central buildings would each consist of six units and would have 9,230 to 9,274
square feet of floor area. The two central buildings would have three levels of living over one level
of parking and amenity space, which includes a proposed gym and lobby. The fifth building would
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be located in the northern area of the project site. This building would have 10,323 square feet of
floor area and would consist of four 1-bedroom, one 2-bedroom, and three 3-bedroom units.
Vehicular access to the site would be through two driveways off Viejo Castilla Way that would
provide access to the garages and parking spaces under each of the buildings. There would be a
total of 48 parking spaces; 36 spaces within garages and 12 covered spaces, which would include
one accessible space compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Regulatory Setting
Fossils are remains of ancient, commonly extinct organisms and, as such, are nonrenewable
resources. The fossil record is a document of the evolutionary history of life on earth, and fossils can
be used to understand evolutionary pattern and process, rates of evolutionary change, past
environmental conditions, and the relationships among modern species (i.e., systematics). The fossil
record is a valuable scientific and educational resource, and individual fossils are afforded
protection under federal, state, and local environmental laws, where applicable.
California Environmental Quality Act
Paleontological resources are protected under CEQA, which states, in part, that a project will
"normally" have a significant effect on the environment if it, among other things, will disrupt or
adversely affect a paleontological site except as part of a scientific study. Specifically, in Section V(c)
of Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines, the Environmental Checklist Form, the question is
posed, "Will the project directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or
unique geologic feature." To determine the uniqueness of a given paleontological resource, it must
first be identified or recovered (i.e., salvaged). Therefore, mitigation of adverse impacts, to the
extent practicable, to paleontological resources is mandated by CEQA.
CEQA does not define "a unique paleontological resource or site." However, the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) has defined a "significant paleontological resource" in the context of
environmental review. The SVP defines a Significant Paleontological Resources as:
... fossils and fossiliferous deposits, here defined as consisting of identifiable vertebrate fossils,
large or small, uncommon invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils, and other data that provide
taphonomic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, paleoecologic, stratigraphic, and/or biochronologic
information. Paleontological resources are typically to be older than recorded human history
and/or older than middle Holocene (i.e., older than about 5,000 radiocarbon years).
The loss of paleontological resources that meet the criteria outlined above (i.e., a significant
paleontological resource) would be a significant impact under CEQA, and the CEQA lead agency is
responsible for ensuring that impacts to paleontological resources are mitigated, where practicable,
in compliance with CEQA and other applicable statutes.
California Public Resources Code
Section 5097.5 of the Public Resources Code (PRC) states:
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No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, injure or deface any
historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site,
including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological,
paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands, except with the express
permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a
misdemeanor.
As used in this PRC section, "public lands" means lands owned by, or under the jurisdiction of, the
state or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof.
Consequently, public agencies are required to comply with PRC 5097.5 for their own activities,
including construction and maintenance, as well as for permit actions (e.g., encroachment permits)
undertaken by others.
City of Carlsbad
The City of Carlsbad General Plan does not have specific requirements for paleontological
resources; however, the City sets forth specific paleontological mitigation policy in Chapter 10 of
the Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Resources Guidelines (City of Carlsbad 2017). The
guidelines provide mitigation requirements, including paleontological sensitivity assessment,
records search and literature review, field survey, preparation of a Paleontological Mitigation and
Monitoring Plan, construction monitoring, and curation. The City guidelines are provided below:
• 10.1. Sensitivity Model Review. In reviewing the paleontology sensitivity map, the City shall
first determine whether or not the project is located in a medium or high sensitivity area, which
will require a paleontological survey. Projects located entirely within low sensitivity areas
require no further study for paleontology; however, the result of the sensitivity model check
shall be reported in the CEQA document and, at minimum, a standard mitigation measure for
unanticipated discovery shall apply to all non-exempt projects (described further below).
• 10.2. Records Searches and Literature Reviews. The San Diego Natural History Museum
(SDNHM) is the sole institution holding fossils for San Diego County, and therefore, represents
the best source for information about fossil-bearing sediments and rock. For projects that
require a paleontological survey, the City or qualified consultant shall first request a
paleontological assessment from the SDNHM for the project area plus a one-mile radius. Other
sources that may be reviewed include on line paleontology databases, the published literature,
and project or nearby geotechnical boring reports to obtain information on subsurface rock unit
depths.
• 10.3. Field Surveys. If the underlying geologic formation is exposed on the site, a field survey
may be warranted. All paleontological field surveys for the project area must be completed by
or under the direction of the Principal Paleontologist, who is responsible for ensuring that the
surveyor is knowledgeable about local geology and paleontology.
All paleontological resources encountered during the survey shall be documented on standard
locality forms and documented with photography and GPS coordinates. The surveyor shall
describe the sediments of the project in detail and evaluate the potential for specific sediments
to be conducive to the preservation of fossils.
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Only qualified, trained paleontologists with specific expertise in the type of fossils being
evaluated can determine the scientific significance of paleontological resources.
• 10.4. Impact Analyses and Mitigation Measures. If the survey resulted in a negative finding for
paleontological resources, then the paleontology sensitivity model should be updated to reflect
low sensitivity for that project area. The Principal Paleontologist shall determine whether or
not, based on professional judgement, the designation of low sensitivity can be extended
outside of the project area.
In addition, the CEQA document shall require the adoption of a standard unanticipated
discovery measure that instructs construction personnel to immediately halt ground-disturbing
activity at the location of a suspected paleontological exposure plus a SO-foot radius around the
find. Work shall be halted within the no-work radius until the City can consult with a qualified
paleontologist on the identification and evaluation of the find.
At the discretion of the Principal Paleontologist, an additional mitigation measure requiring
contractor awareness training may be warranted. However, unlike the unanticipated discovery
measure, this is not a default mitigation measure for all projects that result in a negative survey
for paleontological resources.
If the survey and/or Paleontological Assessment Report resulted in a positive finding for
paleontologlcal resources or a high probability for fossil-bearing sediments below the surface,
then a Principal Paleontologist shall be retained to prepare a Paleontological Mitigation and
Monitoring Plan to address the following information, as applicable and appropriate:
0 The level of monitoring (spot checks, part time or full time), protocols and authorization for
work stoppages, and safety procedures
0 The need for Contractor Awareness Training for all earthmoving personnel for any projects
where a monitor will not be present full time
0 A research design listing the research questions and the data requirements for those
questions
0 The level and type of assistance from the contractor needed by the paleontologist to take
bulk samples and place them into a safe area for processing
0 The methods for fossil collection, fossil preparation, fossil identification, stratigraphic
profiles, and curation
0 The types of progress reports that will be provided to the project proponent and City
(weekly or monthly)
0 The schedule for reporting
0 A recommendation for the updating of the paleontology sensitivity model, which takes into
consideration the presence or absence of paleontological resources, the amount of ground
disturbance, and the potential for future discoveries
0 The identity of the financially-responsible party
• 10.4.3 Preferred Treatment Options and Mitigation Measures. Vertebrate fossils are rare in
contrast with invertebrate and plant fossils. Due to this factor, all vertebrate fossils are
generally recovered while samples of invertebrates and plants are taken. Documentation and
curation is the preferred treatment method for paleontological resources.
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• 10.5 Curation. In accordance with the Paleontological Mitigation and Monitoring Plan,
specimens of significant fossils, all paleontological data, and a copy of the final report shall be
curated at the SDNHM.
Methods
Rincon evaluated the paleontological sensitivity of the geologic units that underlie the project site
using the results of the paleontological locality search and review of existing information in the
scientific literature concerning known fossils within those geologic units. Rincon submitted a
request to the SDNHM Department of Paleontology for a list of known fossil localities from the
project site and immediate vicinity (i.e., localities recorded on the USGS 7.5-minute Encinitas, CA
quadrangle) and reviewed geologic maps and scientific literature.
Following the records search and literature review, Rincon assigned a paleontological sensitivity to
the geologic units on the project site. The potential for impacts to paleontological resources is
based on the potential for ground disturbance to directly impact paleontologically sensitive geologic
units.
Field Survey
A field survey of the project site was conducted on November 27, 2018. The purpose of the field
survey was to inspect the ground surface visually for exposed fossils and to evaluate geologic
exposures for their potential to contain preserved fossil material at the subsurface.
Key Personnel
This paleontological assessment was prepared under the direction of Rincon's Paleontology
Program Manager, Jessica DeBusk, who provided quality assurance review of this report. Associate
Paleontologist Heather Clifford was the primary author of this report. Rincon Staff Paleontologist
Jorge Mendieta conducted the field survey. Ms. DeBusk has more than 16 years of professional
experience as a consulting paleontologist and meets the SVP's definition of a qualified professional
paleontologist.
Paleontological Resource Potential
The SVP (2010) has developed a system for assessing paleontological sensitivity and describes
sedimentary rock units as having high, low, undetermined, or no potential for containing
scientifically nonrenewable paleontological resources (see Table 1). This criterion is based on rock
units in which significant fossils have been determined by previous studies to be present or likely to
be present. The potential for impacts to paleontological resources is based on the potential for
ground disturbance to directly impact paleontologically sensitive geologic units. Additionally, the
County of San Diego has developed its own sensitivity (resource potential) classification scheme for
paleontological resources. These categories include high, moderate, low, and marginal, and zero
sensitivity, and are listed below in Table 1 (Demere and Walsh 1993; Stephenson et al. 2009).
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Table 1 SDNHM Paleontologlcal Sensitivity and SVP Resource Potential Categories
SDNHM Paleontological
Paleontolog1cal Sensitivity (Demere and
Resource Potential Walsh 1993; Stephenson
SVP (2010) Criteria and Mitigation Recommendations et al. 2009)
No Potential
N/A
Low Potential
N/A
Undetermined
Potential
High Potential
Rock units that are formed under or exposed to immense heat and
pressure, such as high-grade metamorphic rocks and plutonic igneous
rocks. No mitigation required.
Marginal sensitivity is assigned to geologic formations that are
composed either of pyroclastic volcanic rocks or metasedimentary
rocks, but which nevertheless have a limited probability for producing
fossil remains from certain sedimentary lithologies at localized
outcrops. Mitigation is not typically required.
No Sensitivity
Marginal Sensitivity
Rocks units that have yielded few fossils in the past, based upon review Low Sensitivity
of available literature and museum collections records. Geologic units
of low potential also include those that yield fossils only on rare
occasion and under unusual circumstances. Mitigation is not typically
required.
Moderate sensitivity is assigned to geologic formations known to Moderate Sensitivity
contain paleontological localities with moderately preserved, common
elsewhere, or stratigraphically long ranging fossil material. The
moderate sensitivity category is also applied to geologic formations
that are judged to have a strong, but unproven potential for producing
important fossil remains (e.g., pre-Holocene sedimentary rock units
representing low to moderate energy, marine to non-marine
depositional settings). Mitigation may be required.
In some cases, available literature on a particular geologic unit will be N/A
scarce and a determination of whether or not it is fossiliferous or
potentially fossiliferous will be difficult to make. Under these
circumstances, further study is needed to determine the unit's
paleontological resource potential (i.e., field survey). A field survey is
required to further assess the unit's paleontological potential.
Geologic units with high potential for paleontological resources are High Sensitivity
those that have proven to yield vertebrate or significant invertebrate,
plant or trace fossils in the past or are likely to contain new vertebrate
materials, traces, or trackways. Rock units with high potential also may
include those that contain datable organic remains older than late
Holocene (e.g., animal nests or middens).
Typically, a field survey as well as onsite construction monitoring will
be required. Any significant specimens discovered will need to be
prepared, identified, and curated into a museum. A final report
documenting the significance of the finds will also be required.
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Existing Conditions
Geologic Setting
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The project site is located in the San Diego County coastal plain within the Peninsular Ranges
geomorphic province in California (California Geological Survey 2002). The north-south-trending
Peninsular Ranges extend 900 miles from the Los Angeles Basin to the tip of Baja California in
Mexico. The province varies in width from 30 to 100 miles wide and is bounded on the east by the
Colorado Desert and Gulf of California, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The Peninsular Ranges
are composed of a deep batholith (i.e., group of granitic plutons) that was emplaced 140 to 80
million years ago along the continental margin of North America (Norris and Webb 1990). Over
time, regional uplift unroofed the basement rock and erosion exposed the buried plutons. The
coastal plain is underlain by a thick sequence of Cenozoic marine and nonmarine units overlying
Mesozoic plutonic basement rock (Demere and Walsh 2003). Quaternary faulting and ongoing uplift
have resulted in the accumulation of alluvial fan deposits in many of the basins between the
uplifted hills (Stephenson et al. 2009).
The project site includes one geologic unit mapped at the surface (Attachment A, Figure 3):
Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits composed of poorly sorted, moderately well
consolidated clay, silt, and sand (Kennedy and Tan 2007; Mccomas 2018). Pleistocene alluvium has
yielded significant paleontological resources within approximately 10 miles of the project in coastal
San Diego County (University of California Museum of Paleontology [UCMP] 2018). The SDNHM has
collection records for at least eight fossil localities from Pleistocene alluvium that produced fossils
of large-bodied Pleistocene mammals (e.g., ground sloth, wolf, bear, tapir, horse, camel, deer, giant
bison, mastodon, and mammoth), small bodied mammals (e.g., mole, shrew, mice, and squirrel),
and reptiles and birds (e.g., pond turtle, lizard, passenger pigeon, and hawk) (Demere and Walsh
1993; Mccomas 2018).
The middle Eocene Santiago Formation unconformably underlies the Pleistocene alluvium at
shallow depth in the project site and is intermittently exposed in San Diego County and the
Peninsular Ranges. The unit was first named by Woodring and Popenoe (1945) for its type section
near Irvine Lake in the Santa Ana Mountains (Morton and Miller 2006). The Santiago Formation was
deposited in a marine to nonmarine environment during the middle Eocene and is conformable and
locally gradational with the underlying Sespe Formation. The Santiago Formation is up to 2,700 feet
thick near the type section in the Santa Ana Mountains and is composed of brownish-gray, coarse-
to medium-grained sandstone, and light-gray to yellowish-gray silty sandstone with greenish-gray
siltstone and conglomerate interbeds. The sandstone is poorly to well bedded, locally cross-bedded,
and moderately-to well-indurated. The conglomerate contains well-rounded cobbles and pebbles
of red and green metavolcanic rocks, plutonic rocks, quartzite, and siliceous volcanic rocks (Morton
et al. 1976). Numerous specimens of vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant fossils have been
documented from within the Santiago Formation in northern San Diego County, including taxa of
terrestrial mammal, amphibian, shark, bird, mollusk, foraminifera, and petrified wood (Mihlbachler
and Demere 2009; Mccomas 2018; Walsh 1996; UCMP 2018).
Pagel
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Paleontological Resource Potential of the Project
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A search of the paleontological locality records on the SDNHM resulted in no previously recorded
vertebrate fossil localities within Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits within the project site
or one-mile radius. Although relatively rare in the San Diego coastal plain, fossils have been
collected at several localities within approximately 10 miles of the project site in coastal San Diego
County (Mccomas 2018). Therefore, the Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits have been
determined to have a moderate paleontological sensitivity, in accordance with the SDNHM
sensitivity classification scheme for paleontological resources (Demere and Walsh 1993;
Stephenson et al. 2009).
The middle Eocene Santiago Formation is not mapped at the ground surface within the project site,
but the unit underlies the Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits at an unknown depth. The
Santiago Formation has yielded multiple Eocene vertebrate fossils, including specimens of reptiles,
bony fish, shark and has been assigned a high paleontological sensitivity, in accordance with the
SDNHM sensitivity (resource potential) classification scheme for paleontological resources (Demere
and Walsh 1993; Mccomas 2018; Stephenson et al. 2009).
Paleontological Field Survey
In accordance with the Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Resources Guidelines (2017),
due to the preliminary finding of moderate paleontological sensitivity at the surface, a field survey
of the project site was conducted by Rincon Staff Paleontologist Jorge Mendieta on November 27,
2018. During fieldwork, a pedestrian walkover was performed of the project site, published geologic
maps were verified, and the ground surface within the project site was visually examined for the
evidence of paleontological resources. Special attention was paid to areas where the underlying
geologic deposits were exposed at the ground surface (e.g., small area on slope of central ridge). In
addition, the geology and topography surrounding the project site was noted and nearby rock
outcrops were examined for surface fossils. Project areas obscured at the surface by heavy
vegetation or otherwise inaccessible due to safety concerns were not comprehensively examined.
In the field, Mendieta utilized Global Positioning System (GPS), topographic maps, and aerial
photographs to locate geologic formation boundaries and the extent of proposed ground
disturbance. When a rock outcrop was encountered, the surface of the exposure was visually
scanned for paleontological resources. Notes were taken on the visible geology and lithology and
photographs were taken to document the survey (Photograph 1).
The topography of the project site consists of a low central ridge flanked by a relatively flat ground
surface (Photograph 2). The Pleistocene sediments mapped at ground surface are overlain by poorly
developed soil composed of organic-poor tan to light brown loamy soil. Based on field observations
made along the slopes of the low central ridge, the Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits in
the project site are composed of unconsolidated to poorly consolidated, tan to brown, coarse sand
and silt, with scant angular granitic clasts of predominately fine pebble size, underlying several feet
of soil development. Nearly 99 percent of the Pleistocene deposits underlying the project site are
completely obscured by vegetation, soil development, and previous refuse dumping (Photograph
3). Vegetation consists of low trees, cut grasses, and sparse shrubs approximately 1-5 feet in height.
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No fossil resources were discovered during fieldwork. However, the majority of the survey area was
obscured by vegetation and soil development, which limited surface visibility. The Pleistocene
sedimentary deposits that immediately underlie the project site, and the middle Eocene Santiago
Formation that shallowly underlie the alluvium, have proven to be conducive to the preservation of
vertebrate remains in San Diego County. Although fossils were not encountered at the surface of
the project site, observed lithologic characteristics as well published mapping, literature, and
museum records results, indicate that these geologic units may contain an unknown number of
fossil resources at the subsurface, although their significance, abundance, and predictability of
occurrence may vary.
Photograph 1. Overview of the project site. View to the west from Viejo Castillo Way
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Photograph 2. East slope of the low central ridge in the project site. View to the north
Photograph 3. Vegetation obscures the underlying Pleistocene deposits in the project site.
View to the southeast
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Impact Analysis and Recommendations
The Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits were determined to have a moderate
paleontological sensitivity and no paleontological resources were discovered on the ground surface
during the paleontological survey. In addition, the records by the SON HM did not identify previously
recorded vertebrate fossil localities within Pleistocene old alluvial flood plain deposits in the project
site or one-mile radius. However, according to the SON HM, several vertebrate localities have been
documented nearby from the Eocene Santiago Formation, which shallowly underlies the
Pleistocene alluvium in the project site. The Santiago Formation has been assigned a high
paleontological sensitivity with a high potential for impacts to buried fossils during ground
disturbance.
Therefore, pursuant to the Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Resources Guidelines
(2017), and in accordance with the SDNHM recommendations, a Principal Paleontologist shall be
retained to prepare a Paleontological Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (PMMP). Implementation of
the PMMP during ground-disturbing activities would successfully reduce potential adverse impacts
to paleontological resources to a less than significant level.
If you have any questions regarding this Paleontological Resource Assessment, please contact us.
Sincerely,
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
Heather Clifford, M.S.
Associate Paleontologist
Joe Power, AICP CEP
Principal
Attachments
Attachment A Figures
Jessica DeBusk, B.S., M.B.A.
Principal Investigator/Program Manager
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References
California Geologic Survey. 2002. California Geomorphic Provinces. Note 36.
City of Carlsbad. 2017. Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontological Resources Guidelines. Prepared
by ECORP Consulting, Inc. with contributions from Cogstone Resource Management.
Demere, T.A., and Walsh, S. L. 2003. Paleontological Resources, County of San Diego, California.
Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum. Revised 7 April 2003.
Kennedy, M.P., Tan, S.S., Bovard, K.R., Alvarez, R.M., Watson, M.J., and Gutierrez, C.I. 2007.
Geologic map of the Oceanside 30x60-minute quadrangle, California. California Geological
Survey, Regional Geologic Map No. 2, scale 1:100,000.
Mccomas, K. 2018. Collections search of the San Diego Natural History Museum Paleontological
Resources Due Diligence Study for the Resort View Project, San Diego County, CA.
Mihlbachler, M.C. and T.A. Demere. 2009. A new species of Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla,
Mammalia) from the Santiago Formation (Duchesnean, middle Eocene) of southern
California. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 41, pp. 1-36.
Morton, D. M., R.V. Miller, and J.R. Evans. 1976. Environmental Geology of Orange County,
California. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 79-8 LA.
Morton, D. M., and F. K. Miller. 2006. Geologic map of the San Bernardino and Santa Ana 30' x 60'
quadrangles, California. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report OF-2006-1217, scale
1:100,000.
Norris, R. M. and Webb, R. W. 1990. Geology of California. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2010. Standard Procedures for the Assessment and Mitigation
of Adverse Impacts to Paleontological Resources. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Impact
Mitigation Guidelines Revision Committee.
Stephenson, B., Giffen, J., Gibson, E., Bennett, J., Cibit, C., Demere, T., Kennedy, G.L., and Minch, J.A.
2009. County of San Diego Guidelines for determining significance, paleontological
resources. Land Use and Environment Group, Department of Planning and Land Use,
Department of Public Works.
University of California Museum of Paleontology. 2018. UCMP Online Database.
http://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu, accessed November 2018.
Walsh, S. L. 1996. Middle Eocene mammal faunas of San Diego County, California. In D.R. Prothero
and R.J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America.
Cambridge University Press, pp. 75-119.
Woodring, W.P., and W. P. Popenoe. 1945. Paleocene and Eocene stratigraphy of northwestern
Santa Ana Mountains, Orange County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas
investigations Preliminary Chart OC 12.
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Attachment A
Figures
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Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map
Imagery provided by National Geographic Soci~ty, Esri and Its liunsors
C, 1018. Encinitas Quadrangh,. TJ2S R04W 536. The topographic
rtpresentatlon depicted In this mop may not portray aH of the features
currmtly found in the vicinity today and/or fttiturn depicted in this map
may hovechanged since the original topogrophk m ap was assembled.
Ii II Project Location
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Figure 2 Project Locatfon Map
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Figure 3 Geologic Units and Paleontologlcal Sensfflvlty In the Project Site
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