HomeMy WebLinkAboutEIA 11-03; CALAVERA DAM REMEDIAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM; HABITAT REVEGETATION, MAINTENANCE & MONITORING PROGRAM; 2006-10-26i !
FINAL
Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance and Monitoring Program
· For the Calavera Dam Remedial Improvements Project
Carls bad, California
October 16, 2006
Draft 5 is provided to describe the work necessary to create coastal sage scrub mitigation on
City property at Lake Calavera, and to adjust the cut-slope erosion control seed mix as per
environmental resource agency request.
1.0 Introduction
Currently, the Lake Calavera outlet works are inoperable and are in need of remedial improvements
to restore the operational capacity of the facility. This reservoir (Calavera Dam #1023-002) is under
the jurisdiction of the Department of Water Resources -California Division of Safety of Dams
(DSOD) for safety as provided in Division 3 of the Water Code. To ensure safety of the reservoir,
and to restore compliance with DSOD requirements, it is necessary to return operations to the dam.
' The proposed project restores function of, and DSOD compliance for, the reservoir by replacing the
outlet tower with a pipeline, including valves, along the interior face of the dam. The new pipeline
will control reservoir levels with the attached valves. Additionally, the construction project will
include spillway apron and channel repairs, and access road upgrade, and the construction of a new
controller building near the dam.
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When operational, the reservoir surface will be maintained at an elevation of approximately 208 ft.
ams! with an operational range from 214 to 194 ft. ams!. Constructed in 1942, the Calavera Dam
stored drinking water until 1957. At present, the primary function of the reservoir is storm water
retention. In maintaining an annual median water surface elevation of approximately 208 ft. ams! it
will be necessary to accumulate and/or drawdown the reservoir capacity in response to anticipated
rainfall events. Once a natural flow regime is restored, the water surface elevation will return
approximately to the median level. ·
Biological investigations and reports have been prepared in conjunction with CEQA review of the
project. A Notice of Intention to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) was prepared and
approved by the City of Carlsbad. This Habitat Restoration, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program
is provided in compliance with the mitigation measures adopted in conjunction with the approved
CEQA documents.
1.1 Project Related Impacts
A Biological Resources Report (BRR) of the Calavera Dam study area by Merkel & Associates
in 2002 determined that both permanent and temporary impacts to sensitive biological resources
were anticipated by the project. Subsequently, a draft of this mitigation program was crafted,
and distributed for agency review and public comment. As a consequence of review and
comment, the construction approach to the project has substantially changed from the draft
mitigation program circulated. The new facilities will be constructed using a "lift in" coffer dam
construction technique that does not require drawdown of lake water to accomplish the work.
This method differs from a conventional coffer· dam technique such that it eliminates the need for
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driving Jong piles into the dam face. Because lake water drawdown is not necessary, project
related impacts are significantly reduced from previous project estimates. As of the most recent
biological investigations, project related impacts and mitigation measures have been reassessed,
and are described in Tables 1 and 2 below (source: M&A report).
T bl 1 C a e -s oastal Sa2e · crub Impacts an dP roposed Mitieation Measures
Habitat Permanent Permanent Pe~nent Temporary Temp. Temp. Total
Type Impacts .Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Required
Ratio Mitiwtion Ratio Mitieation Mitieation
Diegan 0.52 2:1 1.04 0.17 1:1 0.17 1.21
Coastal
Saf!e Scrub
TOTAL 0.52 1.04 0.17 0.17 1.21
Table 2-ACOE Section 404 Miti2ation (Wetland Impacts and Pronosed Miti2ation)
Habitat Permanent Permanent Permanent Temporary Temp. Temp. I, Total
Type Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts Required
Ratio Mitiwtion Ratio Mitieation Mitieation
Freshwater 0.06 1:1 0.06 ·0.06
Marsh
Non-0.40 2:1 0.80 0.01 1:1 0.01 0.81
wetland
Waters I
TOTAL 0.40 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.87
I. I. 1 Permanent and Temporary CSS Impacts
Permanent project related impacts totiling .0.52 acre will occur to Coastal California gnatcatcJ:ter
"occupied" coastal sage scrub. These impacts will occur due to control building construction and
spillway,apron and channel improvements.
Temporary project related impacts totaling 0.17 acre will occur to coastal sage scrub will due to
service road and outlet box construction. Once installation is complete, impacted areas will be
returned to their original grade, and CSS habitat will be restored,
1.1.2 Permanent and Temporary Wetland Impacts
Permanent project related impacts will occur onlyto non-wetland waters. These impacts will
occur due to construction of the spillway apron and the spillway channel. The combined
permanent wetland impacts for the project total 0.40 acres. All of this impact is within arnan-
made drainage structure. '
Temporary project related impacts will occur to 0.06 acre of freshwater marsh and 0.01 acre of
non-wetland waters of the U.S. as a result of project construction. Once project work is complete,
temporarily impacted areas will be returned to their original grade and restored to natural habitat.
1.2 Project Mitigation -Creation and Restoration
The project mitigation requirement has been determined by applying mitigation ratio formulas
described in the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan (HMP) in consultation with environmental
resource agencies. The goal of this program is to specify improvements that restore temporarily
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impacted habitats, and to create new habitats where permanent impacts occur. The proposed
revegetation shall be "in kind" mitigation modeled after the non-disturbed communities presently
existing in the study area (Figure 2). The schedule for meeting this goal is between three to ten
years. Project created and restored plant communities are required to achieve growth that falls
within performance standards proposed by this plan. Once the created.community meets these
performance standards, a request will be made to the lead permitting agency to conduct final
performance monitoring of revegetated areas, to establish that the permitte has satisfied his
permit obligation.
1.2.1 Mitigation for Permanent and Temporary Coastal Sage Scrub Impacts
Mitigation for permanent impacts to 0.52 acre of "occupied" CSS will be accomplished by
"creation" of 1.04 acre of CSS on disturbed lands located on City property south of Lake
Calavera. The installation will be established without the use of supplemental irrigation.
Mitigation for temporary impacts to 0.17 acre of "occupied" CSS will be accomplished by
restoring 0.17 acre of CSS restoration to areas disturbed during outlet box construction. The
restoration will be accomplished without the use of supplemental irrigation.
1.2.2 Mitigation for Permanent and Temporary Wetland Impacts
Mitigation for both permanent and temporary impacts will be achieved through on-site creation
and enhancement of wetland habitat in the near lake vicinity of the project. The project will
create,a total of 0.87 acre of wetland habitat.
By agreement, the habitat to be created is not restricted to "in kind" creation. A selection of
species typically associated with the three habitat types impacted will be installed and allowed to
compete naturally for dominance. Provided that 0.87 acre is created and enhanced by species
typically associated with "wetlands", the project will have met its mitigation obligation.
1.3 Environmental Setting
Lake Calavera is located in northeastern Carlsbad, on the southeastern portion of USGS 1.5 San Luis
Rey Quadrangle (Figures 1). Open space lands of the City of Carlsbad occur to the northeast,
residential housing occurs to the northwest, Robertson Ranch open space occurs to the southwest,
and the Calavera Nature Preserve occurs to the southeast. Lake Calavera is fed by an unnamed
tributary to Agua Hedionda Creek, locally known as Calavera Creek.
Lake Calavera was created in 1940 to serve as a reservoir for drinking water. In recent years the
reservoir has been used as a water storage facility to retain runoff, and to reduce downstream
flooding. Figure 1 -Location Map. Presently, Lake Calavera is maintained at a constant
elevation because mechanisms to control reservoir elevation have become inoperable. Thns, the
surface water elevation within the reservoir has been relatively constant, (being controlled by the
open valve, the water elevation drops in the summer and increases in the rainy season),
encouraging somewhat permanent plant community locations in recent years.
As a result of the inoperable nature of the outflow valves, the existing dam facilities are not in
compliance with the requirements of the Division of Safety of Dams (a division of the California
Dept. of Water Resources). DSOD emergency regulations dictate that dam managers shall have
the ability to draw-down by gravity at least 50% of the volume of the reservoir water within
seven (7) days. While the Calavera Dam does not presently have this ability, implementation of
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the proposed improvements would allow function and control of the dam such that it would r
comply with the requirement. ·
The project study area defined in the BRR is comprised of Lake Calavera, and adjacent riparian
and upland habitats. Over 25 acres of wetland plant communities are supported by the present '
reservoir hydrological scheme (Figure 2). Upland habitats in the study area include Coast live
oak riparian forest, native chaparral and scrub communities as. well as disturbed uplands such as
non-native grassland, disttJrbed lands, and urban/developed. Within the study area humans have
impacted upland habitats, and to a lesser extent riparian habitats by recreational uses, by littering,
and by assisting in the dispersal of invasive plants.
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2.0 Coastal Sage Scrub Creation and Upland Restoration
All project related impacts to upland habitats occur to coastal sage scrub. The project will
impact CSS both permanently and temporarily. Permanent impacts will be mitigated for through
th.e creation of new CSS habitat in the study area. Temporary impacts will be mitigated for
through the restoration of CSS at the construction site where the impacts are proposed to occur,
once construction is complete (see figure 4 for CSS mitigation sites).
The proposed mitigation site to create new CSS is an unauthorized trail complex located several
hundred yards southeast of Lake Calavera. New CSS habitat will be established via non-irrigated
hydroseed on the unauthorized trail system. Trails areas where CSS creation is to occur
presently support highly disturbed land. Fencing, erosion control devices, and signage will be
installed to encourage conditions necessary to establish new habitat. Section 2.1 fully describes
the proposed CSS creation work.
CSS restoration will occur at locations where CSS was temporarily impacted during outlet box
construction along Calavera Creek. Any grades modified to implement the construction work
will be returned to their pre-construction grade. Habitat will be restored using containers and
hydroseed of species presently existing on the site. No supplemental irrigation will be used to
establish the restored CSS. Some temporarily impacted species are wetland species supported on
moisture discharged from the primary outfall channel of the dam. The project proposes to restore
areas previously occupied by wetland vegetation with a combination of impacted wetland species
and CSS species. Native species will be allowed to compete for dominance. Fencing, erosion
control devices and signage will be installed if determined to be necessary by the restoration
ecologist. Section 2.2 fully describes the proposed CSS restoration work.
Planting palettes and seed mixes shall be composed of species locally obtained, listed by species,
size, and number/acre. The upland plant palette proposed shall include native species ·
specifically associated with the habitat type(s). Only locally native species (no cultivars)
obtained within N9rth Coastal San Diego County shall be used. The source and proof of local
nativeness of all plant material and seed shall be provided.
2.1 Coastal Sage Scrub Creation
Creation as applied to this document means the installation of a new plant community where bare
ground presently exists. CSS creation will be accomplished via hydroseed on disturbed lands
occurring on City-owned property south of Lake Calavera (see Figure4). The creation site is an
unauthorized trail system that has been highly disturbed by unauthorized bike uses. Landforms
of the creation site have been significantly damaged by erosive processes and artificially created
mounding. Most or all of the topsoil of the mitigation plots has been lost. The creation sites
. must first be re-contoured to repair significant landform damage prior to soil preparation and
hydroseeding.
Landform re-contouring should be timed to occur after seasonal rains have moistened soils. If
grading occurs when soils are dry, inadequate site preparation may result, adversely affecting
seed establishment. If directed by the restoration ecologist, temporary erosio11 control devices
may be utilized during the installation process. If winter rains are delayed beyond January 15,
grading work will begin even if soils are dry, so that seeding has occurred no later than February
1.
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CSS habitat Creation will involve the following activities:
1) Soil testing
2) Remedial. Grading and Site preparation
3) Imprinting and/or Hydroseeding
4) Fencing, Erosion Control, and Signage
2.1.1 CSS Creation Soil Sampling and Analysis
Soil samples wiB be taken to evaluate soil fertility and structure. The amendments recommended
by the soil lab wiil be incorporated into creation site soils. ·
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2.1.2 CSS Creation Remedial Grading and Site Preparation
Creation plots will be clearly identified and walked by the restoration ecologist and the
contractor prior to initiation of work. All plot areas will be graded using mechanizei:I equipment
and/or hand work to return the disturbed lands to a stable condition. The object of grading will
be to fill eroded channels and rills, to remove artificially created landforms, .and to.create a
gentler, more ·stable landforin condition. Once necessary grading has been accomplished, the
surface will be ripped where possible with a small track loader to a minimum depth of 6". In
places where ripping is not possible, hand work will used to break up surface soils.
Once initial the surface has been adequately ripped/ cultivated, amendments shall be added per
soil lab recommendation. All areas to be seeded will be left in a rough condition imitable for
seed to establish.
2.1.3 CSS Creation Imprinting and/or Hydroseeding
Planting will be accomplished via imprinting machine or hydroseed. A seed imprinting process
will be used if the restoration ecologist and contractor determine that it is feasible to utilize the
imprinting machine on at least one-half of the creation site. If imprinting is not possible,
hydroseed will be applied.
Table 3 -CSS Creation Target Composition
scientific name common name % vegetated
at 5 vrs
Salvia melifera Black sage
Hazardia squarrosa Sawtooth goldenbush
Helianthemum scoparium Peak rush-rose 30%
· Nassella lepida Foothill needleirrass
Artemesia califomica Coast sagebrush
Deinandra fasciculata Fascicled Tarweed
Eriogonum fasciculatum Coast California buckwheat
Isocoma menziesii Spreading Goldenbush 30%
Lo~s scoparius Coastal Deerweed
Miq1ulus aurantiacus Monkey flower
Nassella oulchra Purple needlegrass
r TOT AL required to install 1.04 acre ,;, 30 lbs. target seed 60%
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Table 4 -Mix A: CSS Creation Seed Mix
%Pur/Germ
15 60
20 80.
50 20
15 30
98 80
40 30
90 60
5 70
70 60
70 60
·85 5o
98 75
lbs/acre
2
2
6
3
t
2
3
2
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2
3
20
47.0
scientific na~e
Artemesia califomica •
Deinandra fasciculata ·
Eriogonum fascicul(ltum
Hazardia squarrosa
Helianthemum scoparium
Isocoma menziesii
Lotus scoparius .
Mimulus aurantiacus
Nassella lepida
N assella pulchra
Salvia mellifera
Plantago insularis
Total pounds per acre
2.1.5 CSS Creation Fencing, Erosion Control, and Signage
common name
Coastal sagebrush
Fascicled Tarweed
Coast California buckwheat
Sawtooth• goldenbush
Peak rush-rose
Spreading Goldenbush
Coastal Deerweed
Monkey flower
Foothill needlegrass
Purple needlegrass
Black sage
Plantago
The CSS creation plots are presently used for unauthorized activities that are damaging existing
vegetation. To discour(lge continuance of these unauthorized uses, barrier fencing will be
installed at locations where plot access is most likely. Barrier fencing will be installed at each
location where an existing trail intersects a creation plot, and for the first fifty feet along the
sides of the plot. 'Fencing material will be sturdy, constructed of 4"x4" posts and 4 foot tall
6"x6"x6" welded wire mesh fencing (see Figure 5). Given the remote location of the creation
plots, it will not be easy to discourage people who persist in using the plots for unauthorized
activity. However, installing .this sturdy barrier is likely to discourage most users. Regular
monitoring of the creation plots during the ·early establishment period will prpvide the monitor
the opportunity to recommend fencing repairs as necessary. If it is determined that additional
· measures will be required to secure the creation plots, the monitor may make recommendations
to the City and resources agencies via annual reports.
Extensive use of erosion control devices is anticipated. Straw waddles should be liberally
applied on all moderately to steeply sloping areas at a rate of at least one per 40 linear feet of
trail. Secure waddles by a method least likely to injure users if they were to trip over or fall .onto
the waddle, Silt fencing should also be-applied where any threat of erosion is particularly high.
Construction fencing ( 4 feet tall) shall be installed at all points of entry and continue at least 40
feet along the sides of (rails nearest points of entry. Secure fencing with a.strong, 6-foot long T-
post. Signage describing the mitigation work shall be installed on T-Posts at all points of entry. r
Signage shall be installed at likely trail access points to discourage creation plot encroachment.
Signage shall provide language such as: "TRAIL CLOSED for Sensitive Habitat Restoration
per" (followed by permit numbers and a City contact telephone number).
I It is likely that erosion will continue to be a problem during plant establishment, due to either the
steeply sloping terrain, or to continljed unauthorized bike use of the creation site. Both the
·· restoration ecologist and contractor should make recommendations at the first s_ign that erosion
problems are occurring, and not wait until small problems become big ones.
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2.1.6 Community Outreach
· If the monitor determines that community outreach is necessary to reduce damage to revegetation
plots, he may recommend that the City engage the public. Recommended activities may include
but notbe limited to 1) posting literature at areas where damage is repeatedly occurring, 2)
· mailing informational literature to homes nearby to encourage a change in destructive behavior,
3) conducting informational sessions with nearby residents.
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2.2 Coastal Sage Scrub Restoration
Restoration as applied to this document means re-establishing native habitats that occupied the
site before construction (see Figure 4). Restoration work to be accomplished is similar to
· creation of new habitat, but is discussed separately here to fully describe the work anticipated.
Restoration wiU involve .the foHowing activities:
1) Site Preparation
2) Grading
3) Fencing, Erosion Control, and Signage
4) Soil Sampling and Analysis
5) Plant Installation
6) Hand Seeding
2.2.1 CSS Restoration Site Preparation
Prior to initiation of outlet box project impacts, fencing and erosion control devices will be
installed at the perimeter of the construction area. Brushing will then occur along the access
road to the outlet box construction site. Grubbing of the access road shall be avoided to the
· ' maximum extent possible. The outlet box construction area will then be brushed and grubbed as
necessary to clear the construction. Once all outlet box construction 'is complete, construction
debris and spoils will be completely removed from the constniction site.
2.2.2 CSS Restoration Site Grading
Al(temporarily impacted areas shall be returned to pre-construction finish elevations, especially
any potions of the channel bottom that have been impacted. All portions of the site that have
been subjected to compaction ~y vehicular equipment must be ripped or tilled prior to restoration
. planting. ·
2.2.3. CSS Restoration Fencing. Erosion Control. and Signage
. Environmental fencing instaUed prior to initiation of work shall be repaired if damaged. Silt
fencing shall also be installed· if necessary to insure that soil remains confined to the restoration
plot. .Additional erosion control devjces may be necessary as determined by the restoration
ecologist. '
Signage shall be installed at likely access points to discourage restoration area encroachment. •
Signage shall provide language such: "DO NOT ENTER, Native Plant Restoration Area"
(followed by permit numbers and a City contact telephone number.
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2.2.4 CSS Restoration Soil Sampling and Analysis
The 'restoration ecologist shall communicate with the construction supervisor of the project to
· determine if the restoration site was polluted during construction activities. He shall also inspect
the site to determine if construction debris (concrete, oils spills, etc.) appears to be mixed in with
restoration soils. If the restoration ecologist is certain',that plot soils are substantially clean and
devoid of pollutants, the planting can commence without the need to sample plot soils. If,
however, soil pollution is known or expected, soil testing shall occur, and testing lab
recommendations shall be implemented. · .
2.2.5 CSS Restoration Plant Installation
A combination of container planting, .and seeding are proposed to provide the breath of species
representative of the habitat to be created. Species and planting rates are selected based upon
research, and experience with these habitats locally. All species to be utilized.occur local to the
restoration site, with the ·exception of the non-native .cover crops used for erosion control during
the establishment period. Because this installation will not use ail automatic irrigation system,
plant quantities are more densely specified than an irrigated installation to account for
anticipated losses. The restoration ecologist shall evaluate establishment failures of plants and
seed, and determine the appropriate remedial actions.
Table 5 -CSS Restoration Target Composition
scientific name common name percent containers/ , # of containers/
seed/ac seed ver 0. 182 ac.
Artemesia californica Coast sagebrush 30% 200,seed (36) 1 gal, seed
Baccharis oilularis Covote brush 20%, 130,seed (24) 1 gal, seed
Baccharis salicifolia Mulefat 7% 50 (10) l gal
Eriogonum fasciculatum Flat-top buckwheat 7% 50, seed (10) 1 gal, seed
Salvia melifera Black sage 7% 50,seed (10) 1 gal, seed
Leymus condensatus Giant wild rye 7% seed seed
Salix lasioleois Arroyo willow 7% 50 (10) 1 J?:al
Isocoma menziesii Goldenbush 5% seed seed
Malosma laurina Laurel sumac 5% 30 (10) 1 gal
Rhus intelITifolia Lemonadeberrv 5% 15 (5) 1 J?:al
TOT AL required to install 0.182 acre 100% 615 1 gal (115) lgal·
24 lbs. seed 4.4 lbs. seed
Table 6 -Mix B: CSS Restoration Seed Mix
%Pur/Germ lbs/acre scientific name · common name
15 60 4 Artemesia californica Coast sagebrush
2 40 2 Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush
50 20 4 Eriogonum fasciculatum Flat-top buckwheat
40 30 3 Isocoma menziesii Goldenbush
70 80 2 Leymus condensatus Giant wild rye
90 60 3 Lotus scoparius Deerweed
70 60 3 Nassella pulchra Purple needlegrass
85 50 3 Salvia melifera Black sage
98 75 20 . Plantago insularis Plantago
44.0 Total pounds per acre
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2.2.6 CSS Restoration Hand Seeding
After container installation has occ!urred, hand seed allareas with exposed soil in the
construction.area.· fustalljute'over any areas that may be subjectto potential erosion:, If directed
• by the restoration ecologist, top dress the seed with an organic topper;
All seed utilized by this project must be obtained from north coastal San Diego County, an area
from the Orange County line smith to Sorrento Valley, and eastward'to I-15. If seed is not
available from a supplier, it must be collected from within the target collection area; The
installation contractor shall verify .seed availability tc;i the City within two weeks of being
awarded the installation contract by the City. If seed of any required species is not readily
available, the contractor must immediately initiate arrangements to procure all required, seed.
All seed shall be delivered.to the project site in a sealed container. The seed shall be labeled
according to state and fe~eral,Iaws. The sealed container shall ,bear the seed supplier's tags
which shall indicate the containerweight, seed type (genus and species); seed purity %, seed
germination%, date seed tested, and place of collection. The restoration ecologist must be
notified no less than 24 hours in advance c;if seeding to observe seed container opening process,
and the beginning of seed dispersal.
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3.0 Wetland Creation
The project proposes to create 0.47 acre of wetland habitat on sites now occupied by non-native
grassland (see Plots 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on Figure 3). Five revegetation plots have been chosen for
wetland habitat creation because they are situated next to existing wetland habitat, and can be
graded low enough to allow establishing revegetation access to, lake-fed ground water.
Revegetation sites will be re-graded to elevations that are anticipated to support key species
associated with the three wetland habitats conunon to Lake Calavera, freshwater marsh, southern
will~w scrub, and mulefat. scrub. However, once installed, the species revegetated will be
allowed to naturally compete for dominance. The project will have satisfied its mitigation
requirement provided that wetland habitat of some kind is created within the plots.
A by-product of making new revegetation plots from disturbed upland areas is that new slopes
created that must be re-planted. These slopes will be restored with a native seed mix.
3.1 Anticipated Hydrology of the Wetland Revegetation Plots
The work proposed at Calavera Dam will allow the reservoir to function once again as a flood
control facility. In general, standard water management practice at a flood control facility is to
lower the surface elevation a_t the beginning of the rainy season to acconunodate storm events.
During the rainy season the water level will rise due to entering runoff, and water levels will fall
during the dry season due to evaporation. Successful implementation of the proposed mitigation
measures requires an appreciation of the role this post-construction hydraulic regime will play in
sustaining existing and proposed plant communities. Given that reservoir surface elevations will
once again fluctuate, it is anticipated, that habitat boundaries will recede and advance in step with
lake hydrology. Periodic movement in near-shore plant community boundaries is likely to occur
as long as reservoir elevations are artificially manipulated.
Both prolonged inundation and a lack of moisture can convert wetland habitats. Prior to project
implementation, the dynamics of revegetation plot hydrology is at best a guess. It is known that
post-construction reservoir surface elevations could fluctuate between 194 to 214 feet MSL, a
range of twenty feet. Storm water runoff flowing near the proposed wetland creation plots may
assist in hydrologically supporting the proposed plantings, but it is clear that lake water
availability will be the most important determining factor in successful revegetation
establishment. To minimize lack of moisture as a cause for revegetation failure, revegetation
plot elevations will be excavated to a low point elevation near the perennial water table. In
concept, wetland revegetation plot surface elevations are proposed to be established between 211
feet MSL and 230 feet MSL. These elevations are anticipated to readily support most wetland
species occurring in areas impacted by the project, with the possible exception of freshwater
marsh species, which typically require continuously saturated soils to persist. However, before
plot site elevations are decided upon, test pits will be dug to assess actual water availability at the
revegetation plots. Plot surface elevations will then be selected in terms of providing the most
adventitious elevations to encourage wetland habitat establishment.
Restoration planning is often focused on plant association (conununity) based restoration models.
Baseline sampling of an existing plant association is utilized as a model to craft a plant palette
designed to replicate the desired association. This restoration strategy is generally successful
when the desired plant community's environmental needs can generally be predicted at the
restoration site. But with this project, site hydrology may fluctuate such that typical plant
association based restoration planning is problematic. Existing wetland associations supported
exclusively by reservoir water may be dramatically affected by advancing and receding water
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Excavation shall be accomplished without compacting revegetation plot soils. Digging
equipment used inside the plot should be rubber-tired. If theTestoration ecologist determines that
compact!on or unsuitable soil' is an issue, additional-work may be directed to prepare,acceptable
plot soils. '
Because of the possibility of variable, ground water. elevations, during the revegetation plot
establishment period, it is recommended that 'at least one piezometer be installed in a.
revegetation plot as located per the restoration ecologist.
3.5 Wetland Creation.Channeling
Channels may be cut as directed· by the restoration ecologistto .assist the movement of water
across the revegetation plots. Channels may be cut toward the lake to assist in capturing
moisture if existing cover is not unduly damaged in the process: Maximum channel depth shall
be two feet. All excavated material shall be removed from the site. Machinery or hand
shoveling may be used as directed by the restoration ecologist.
3.6 Wetland Creation Implementation
"Creation" as applied to this document means establishment of a native plant community on a
site essentially devoid of natives. "Creation" will involve the following activities: site grading,
soil preparation, irrigation installation, weed eradication, container and seed installation, at least
five years of maintenance, and at least five years of performance monitoring.
The creation plots are located such that equipment and access to the sites should not disturb
existing native vegetation. However, non-native grassland may be affected, and an effort to
select the least impacting route will be made. If non-native grassland habitat is impacte~ during
the installation phase of the project a program to restore the impacted vegetation will be
implemented. This program may include temporary irrigation of temporarily impacted non-
native grassland. As-built drawings of the creation project will record where the impacts and
remedial restoration (if any) occurs. A description of all installation activities will be included in
·the 1st annual report to resources_ agencies.
Wetland habitat creation work will typically include the following activities:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Fencing and Signage
Initial Ground Water Elevation Testing
Grading
Soil Sampling and Analysis
Irrigation Installation
Weed Abatement
Wetland Plant Installation
Non-native grassland Installation
3.6.1 Wetland Creation Fencing and Signage
During construction, pubic access to work areas including creation areas shall be restricted.
Post-construction lakeside access to creation plots shall continue to. be restricted.
· Environmental fencing shall be installed to. differentiate work zones from existing vegetation to
. be protected in place. Silt.fencing shall be installed on the down-hill perimeter of each
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 18
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restoration plot. On the uphill side of each restoration plot, environmental fencing shall be
installed to discourage access to the creation plots (Figure 3). · . ! . .
Signage shall be installed at likely access points to discourage creation plot encroachment.
Signage shall provide language such: "DO NOT ENTER, Native Plant Restoration Area"
(followed by permit numbers and a City contact telephone number.
3.6.2 Initial Groundwater Elevation Testing
Using a backhoe or other rubbertired vehicle, dig at least one pit in a location selected by the
· restoration ecologist. The restoration ecologist must be present at the time pits are dug to
· observe soil moisture.
3.6.3 Wetland Creation Grading
Grading shall be accomplished with as small a tractor as feasible to reasonably accomplish the
soil removal process. A rubber. tired vehicle shall. be used so that soil compaction is kept to-a
minimum. AU spoils will be removed from the site and disposed of at a location suitable to the
City. Final surface elevations will be established by the restoration ecologist. Elevations may be
spot checked by a survey team prior fo irrigation installation. Finish surfaces ~hall be left in a
rough state so that water can percolate rapidly into the soil without sheet draining to low points.
If requested by the restoration ecologist, ripping of the finish surface will be accomplished with
12" blades. If subsurface soils are exposed that are determined to be unsuitable to support the
desired plants, the restoration ecologist may request a work stoppage until a solution is agreed
upon.
3.6.4 Wetland Creation Soil Sampling and Analysis
Soil samples shall be collected after final grading of the plots has been accomplished. The
· contractor shall collect at least one. soil sample from each plot. Each sample shall be comprised
of soil taken from a minimum of three locations in each plot. Soil shall be taken from a depth of
8' to 12" below the finish grade of the creation plot. The three soil sub-samples shall be mixed
together to form one sample-from each plot, and submitted to a testing lab for a complete
analysis. The soil sample shall be labeled with the habitat type to be grown. Testing results shall
be provided to the restoration ecologist prior to planting activity. Soil testing lab
recommendations shall be implemented. As-built construction drawings approved by the City of
Carlsbad will document creation area configuration changes if unacceptable soil conditions are
discovered, and plots must be· relocated. \
3.6.5 Wetland Creation Irrigation Installation
Install a below-grade mainline from a meter on Tamarack Avenue to the creation plots. The
mainline shall be located on or adjacent to dirt or asphalt roadways; The route chosen must not
disturb native habitat. Lateral lines shall be above-grade brown-line over non-native grassland or
Disturbed Lands. The irrigation· system shall be approved acceptable by the restoration
ecologist. .
3.6.6 Wetland Creation Weed Abatement
At least one cycle herbicide application shall occur prior to planting of wetland creation plots.
Herbicide shall be a chemical approved for use in wetland habitats, applied by a state licensed
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation; Maintenance, and Moni\oring Program, 10/26/06 19
applicator. The restoration ecologist shall determine if a second cycle of pre-planting
herbiciding is necessary. ·
I 3.6.7 Wetland Creation Plant Installation
A combination of cuttings, container planting, and seeding are proposed to establish species
representative of the wetland habitats to be created. All the species listed in the hydroseed and
container planting lists were identified·on site as associated to an impacted plant community,
with the exception of the non-native cover crops used for erosion control during the
establishment period.
Table 7 -Wetland Creation Target Composition
Hab. scientific name common name
tvne
sws Salix Jasiolepis Arroyo willow
MS Baccharis salicifolia Mulefat
sws Salix gooddingii Black willow
sws Salix exigua Sandbar willow
FM Scirpus robustus . California rush
FM J uncus dubius Mariposa rush
MS Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed
FM Typha Jatifolia Southern cattail
sws Juncus acutis Spiny rush
sws sphaerocarpus San Diego sedge
CSM Carex spissa Saltgrass sws Disticlis spicata Saltmarsh fleabane
Pluchea odorada
TOT AL required to install 0.47 acre
Table 8 -Mix C: Wetland Creation Seed Mix
%Pur/Germ
98 60
95 75
80 50
20 30
20 50
40 30
98 75
lbs/acre
5.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
15.0
29.0
scientific name
Scirpus robustus
Juncus dubius
Typha Jatifolia
Ambrosia psilostachya
Pluchea odorata
Isocoma menziesii
Plantago insularis
Total pounds per acre
percent containers/
seed/ac
40% 300
10% 150
10% 80
10% 100
7% 75
5% seed
7% seed
4% seed
4% 50
2% 50
2% 150
2% seed
100%
common name
California bulrush
Mariposa rush
Southern cattail
Western ragweed
· Marsh fleabane
Goldenbush
Plantago
3.6.8 Wetland Creation Cut-slope Erosion Control Planting Palette
# of.containers/
seed per 0.47 ac.
(141) 18" cut'g
(71) 1 e:al
(38) 18" cut' g
(47) 1 gal
(35) 1 gal, seed
seed
seed
seed
(24) 4" pots
(24) 4npots
(71) 4" pots
seed
(179) 18"cut'g
(272) containers
11 lbs. native seed
A by-product of excavating soil to create wetland plots are the cut slopes that will be created on
at least the uphill side of the new plots. These cut slopes will be restored with native upland ·
'plants known for their soil hoiding characteristics and quick establishment.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 20
Table 9 • Mix D: Cut-slope Erosion Control Seed Mix
%Pur/Germ
15 .60
2 40
95 '80
40 30
90 60
90 60
70 60
70 60
98 75
lbs/acre
3
2
2
3'
2
2
1
1
20
36,0
scientific name
· Artemesia califomica
Baccharis pilularis
Bromus carinatus
Isocoma menziesii
Lotus scoparius ·
Melica imperfecta
. Nassella lepida
Nassella pulchra
Plantago insularis
Total pounds per acre
common name
Coast sagebrush
Coyote brush
Native California brome
Coast goldenbush
.Deerweed
Coastrange melic
Foothill needlegrass
Purple needlegrass
Plantago
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 21
--,
4.0 Wetland Enhancement
The projectproposes to enhance 0.40 acre to meet the remainder of its Non-wetland Waters of
the U.S. mitigation obligation. The proposed enhancement site is part of a canyon bottom
draining into Lake Calavera that presently supports both coyote brush scrub and wetland
associated species (see Plot 6 on Figure 3). Soils of the enhancement site are moist at the·surface
in most locations (field verified July 2006 by-Planning Systems), and heavily crusted-with
accumulated salt deposits (probably accumulated 1'rom past agricultural runoff). Approximately
40% to 50% ·of the coyote brush that once densely occupied the site is dead; woodytissue
remains in place. To date, approximate cover (estimated qualitatively), is 40% coyote brush,
10% native wetland associated species, 5% ruderal wetland indicator species, and 45% bare soil.
Wetland associated species ofthe plot include: Mariposa rush (Juncus dubius), Mexican rush
(Juncus mexicana), Saltgrass, (Distichlis spicata), Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens) ;md Salt
marsh. fleabane (Pluchea odorata, among others. Ruderal wetland indicator species include
Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), Bristly ox-tongue (Picrus echioides), Annual beard grass
(Polypogon monspeliensis) and Dock (Rumex sp.) among others. This. site supports a
transitional community between wetland and upland habitats. The upland species appear tci be
receding, providing an opportunity for native wetland and/or ruderal wetland species to occupy
and potentially dominate the site.' · '
The proposed enhancement is to remove dead coyote brush biomass and seed in native wetland
associated species now establishing through natural recruitment. No grading of the site is
proposed. A temporary irrigation system is proposed support seedling establishment. All non-
natives will be removed from the enhancement site for a period of five years. Once seed has
been initially established, all native species will be allowed to naturally compete for dominance.
The goal of this project is to re-establish native cover suitable to present site conditions while
reinoving ruderal species that are competing for dominance.
4.1 Wetland Enhancement Implementation
"Enhancement" as applied to this project means establishment of a native plant community on a
site supporting less .than 50% native plants. "Enhancement" will involve the following activities:
irrigation installation, weed eradication, seed installation, at least five years of maintenance, and
at least five years of performance monitoring.
The work to be performed will not disturb living natives on the plot. No grading is proposed.
As-built drawings of the enhancement project will record where the enhancement occurs. A
description of all installation activities will be included in the 1st annual report to resources
agencies.
Enhancement work will typically include the following activities:
1) Fencing and Signage
2) Soil Sampling and Analysis
3) Irrigation Installation
4) Weed Abatement
5) Seed Installation
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 22
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4.2 Wetland Enhancement Fencing a11d Signage ·
Pubic access to work areas including enhancement areas shall be restricted . .Environmental
fencing shall be installed to differentiate work zones from existing \'.egetation to be protected in
place and to discourage access to the enhancement plots (Figure 3)., Signage shall be installed at
likely access points to discourage enhancement plot encroachment. Signage shall provide
language such: "DO NOT ENTER, Native Plant Restoration Area" (followed by permit numbers
and a City contact telephone number. · ·
4.3 Wetland Enhancement Soil Sampling and Analysis
The contractor shall collect at least two soil samples from the plot. Each sample shall be
comprised of soil taken from a minimum of three locations in the plot. So_il.shall be taken from a
depth of 8' to 12" below the finish grade of the creation plot The three soil sub-samples shall be
mixed together to form one sample from each plot, and submitted to a testing lab for a complete
analysis. The soil sample shall be labeled with the habitat type to be grown. Testing results shall ·
be provided to the restoration ecologist prior to planting activity. If the soil test results indicate
conditions adverse to the establishment of the proposed seed.mix, the biologist will recommend
an alternative seed mix (provided that an alternative seed mix is approved by the lead
environmental agency).
4.4 Wetland Enhancement Irrigation Installation
A temporary above-grade irrigation:system will be installed to support seed establishment. The
systems. will be operated the minimum amount required to establish seed. Excessive irrigations
will be avoided, so that-existing natives will not be adversely affected. Lateral lines shall be
above-grade brown-line. The installed irrigation system shall be approved acceptable by the
restoration ecologist prior to use. No overspray onto areas outside of the plot will be permitted.
4.5 Wetland Enhancement Weed Abatement
Prior to seeding an intensive weed eradication campaign will be implemented. The least
impacting method of weed removal will ~e employed. Hand weeding will be employed as a
preferred method if it is likely to result in successful eradication. If better results are likely to
occur through the use of herbicide, then application(s) may occur, but only as scheduled under
the immediate observation of the restoration ecologist. Herbicide shall be a chemical approved
for use in wetland habitats, applied by a state licensed applicator. The restoration ecologist shall
determine if a second cycle of pre-seeding weed removal / herbiciding is necessary.
4.6 Wetland Enhancement Hydroseed Installation
Hydroseeding is proposed to establish species representative of the habitatto be created. All
species to be established occur in the immediate vicinity of the enhancement plot, with the
exception of the non-native cover crop used for erosion control during the establishment period.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 23 ·,
Table 10 -Mix E: Wetland Enhancement Seed Mix
%Pur/Germ
90 70
95 75
95 75
90 75
20 30
40 30
70 60
20 50
98 75
lbs/acre
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
15.0
26.5
scientific name
Distichlis spicata
J uncus' a. sphaerocarpus
J uncus dubius
Juncus mexicanus
Ambrosia psilostachya
Isocoma menziesii
Muhlenbergia rigens
Pluchea.odorata
Plantago insularis
Total pounds per acre
common name
Saltgrass
Spiny rush
Mariposa rush
Mexican rush
Western ragweed
Goldenbush
Deergrass
Salt marsh fleabane
Plantago
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 24
5.0 Installation Specifications
If landscape construction d9cuments are drafted, these specifications shall guide their scope and
intent. If a conflict becomes apparent in the field between the landscape construction documents
and this plan, it shall be resolved as intended by this plan.
5.1 Irrigated Plots
Above grade, overhead irrigation shall be installed in creation/enhancement plots, and utilized
for seed and container plant establishment. Irrigation spray heads and nozzles will be selected to
match the areas of revegetation' and shall be adjusted so as not to over spray to· adjacent native
vegetation. The contractor shall provide adequate personnel to operate the system as required for
proper seed germination and plant growth. Irrigation scheduling will be accomplished in '
consultation with the restoration ecologist. Initial operating times will be provided to the
· installation contractor. The 'initial schedule will be an approximate, and adjustment will be
required according .to actual field conditions, soil moisture, and weather: At the time that the
above-grade irrigation system is no longer deemed·necessary by the City, all irrigation
components will be dismantled and removed form the, site by the long term maintenance
contractor.
· 5.2 Container Planting
'
This program is a guide for revegetation installation. The seed mix type and quantities of
container material described in this plan must be replicated, in the landscape construction
doi::uments, and verified adequate by the restoration ecologist prior to contractor installation. If
plantings are installed that are substantially different from these specifications, the restoration
ecologist must report these changes in a post-installation report to resource agencies.
Container plants must be procured from a nursery located, within a 50-mile radius of the project •
site. The project shall install container plants grown from source material local to the North.San
Diego County coastal zone, unless plants are rtot available at the time revegetation plots are
ready for installation. All plants shall arrive at the restoration site in a: healthy condition, with at.
least one plant of each species provided with a grower's identification label listing species and
source material collection area. No plants may be off-loaded to the restoration site until they are
inspected by the restoration ecologist. If any plant is found to be diseased 'or found transporting
undesirable pests such as Argentine ants, the entire truckload is subject to rejection by the
restoration ecologist or City personnel.
Container plants shall be planted/just prior to seeding. The actual placement.and spacing of
container plant materials shall be done in a semi-random, drift type pattern, in the quantities at1d
species specified. A grid pattern shall be avoided. The· landscape architect or restoration
ecologist will direct the location of container material within each revegetation plot.
These planting procedures shall be exercised when planting container stock:
.1. For irrigated sites, soil shall be moistened to 12" deep prior to digging planting holes.
2. Dig plant holes as deep and twice as wide as plant container. ·
3. .Mix native soil with amendments if specified by soil lab per City specifications, (assume
no amendments are required for bid purposes). ·
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 25
I '
4. Plant so that rootball is l" higher than the surrounding soil surface (For non-irrigated
sites, water must be delivered by water truck to the plot and holes must be filled TWICE
before containers are installed).
5: Irrigate per restoration ecologists schedule.
5.3 Bydroseeding (for hand seeding see ,Section 2.1.6)
After container installation has occurred, hydroseed in'the designated areas. Hydroseeding shall
consist of a hydraulic application of a slurry mixture of water, seed, fertilizer, organic soil , ·
stabilizer and mulch. The mix ·specified below may be amended per soil lab direction, after soil
sampling of ievegetati,on plots has been accomplish~d per City specifications.
For bid purposes, apply the following materials in a one step hydroseed .application:
2000 lbs/acre Cellulose Wood Fiber ,
100 lbs/acre Gaur(J3000 by Ranteck), Organic Soil Binder or equal
300 lbs. 15-15-15 (or as specified by soil lab)
Seed mix as specified
All seed utilized by this project must be obtained from north coastal San Diego County, an area
from the Orange County line south to Sorrento Valley, and eastward to I-15. Ifseed is not
available from a supplier, it must be collected from within the target collection area. The
installation contractor shall verify seed availability to the City within two weeks of being
awarded the installation contract by the City. If seed of any required species is not readily
available, the contractor must immediately initiate arrangements to procure all required seed.
All seed shall be delivered to the project site in sealed containers. All seed shall be labeled
according to state and federal laws. Each sealed container shall bear the seed.supplier's tags
which shall indicate the container weight, seed type (genus and species), seed purity %, seed
germination %, date seed tested, and place of collection.. Samples of each seed mix may be
drawn at the time of delivery to the site by the restoration ecologist. Samples shall be tested to
assure compliance with the seed specifications. The restoration ecologist must.be notified no
less than 24 hours in advance of application of the hydroseed to observe seed delivery and the
seed container opening process.
5.4 Installation Seqnence
The following sequence will be generally followed to establish revegetation onsite (for
enhancement sequence see Section 4.1 -Section 4.6). The precise schedule may be adjusted as
required by the restoration ecologist. '
1) Fence areas to be preserved, and fence a work operations area.
2) Locate signage for preserve areas and work operations area.
3) Excavate plot to the satisfaction of the.restoration ecologist.
4) ' Sample soil and implement recommendations if any.
5) Install irrigation (if applicable)
6) Implement weed grow and kill program to the satisfaction of the restoration
ecologist (for irrigated sites only).
7) Install containers
8) Seed
9) For non-irrigated sites, install topper or jute as directed by restoration ecologist.
10) Irrigate
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 26
5.s · Construction Schedule
Afinal implementation schedule is provided below that indicat_es when.all upland habitatand
riparian/wetland impacts, as well as creation/restoration/enhancement grading, planting and
irrigation shall begin and end. Upland habitat and.riparian/wetland
creation/restoration/~nhancement grading, planting and irrigation shall be completed "during the
concurrent or next planting season (i.e., late fall to early spring) after fini~hing grading within the
creation/restoration/enhancement area. ·
. The target schedule for implementing improvementis as follows:
Riparian/Wetland hnpacts
Wetland Restoration/Enhancement .Grading and 'Site Preparation
Irrigation Installed
Grow and Kill
Container Planting
Hydroseeding -
Germination Period-(30 days) -
Establishment Period-
Re-Seed, if needed
Final Acceptance of Installation -(120 days) -
5.5.1 Delayed Performance
February l,. 2007
Summer(2007
Septemb!)r I, 2007
September 5, 2007
November 1, 2007
November 15, 2007
Nov. 15 -Dec. 15 2007
Dei: 15-Feb. 15 2007
January 15, 2008
February 15, 2008
Any temporal loss of upland habitat or wetland/riparian habitat caused by delays in upland
habitat or wetland/riparian creation/restoration/enhancement shall be offset through upland
habitat or wetland/riparian creation/restoration/enhancement at a 0.5: 1 ratio for every 6 months
of delay (i.e., ·1:1 for 12 months delay, 1.5:1 for 18 months delay,.etc.). In the event that the
· project applicant is wholly or·partly prevented from performing obligations under the final plans
(causing temporal losses due to delays) because.of unforeseeable circumstances or causes beyond
the reasonable control, and without the fault or negligence of the project applicant, including but
not limited to natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, etc.), labor disputes, sudden actions of the
elements (e.g., further landslide activity), or actions by Federal' or State agencies, or other
governments, the project applicant shall be excused by such unforeseeable cause(s).
\
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 27
6.0 Maintenance Plan
(
r Maintenance is: divided into two ,distinct contractual obligations, Establishment Maintenance and
Long Term Maintenance. A different company·from the installation contractor'may be employed
by the owner to perform long, term maintenance, if desired. Establishment maintenance activities
shall begin from the first-day of container planting though the.seeding, for a period no less than
120 days, until. the restoration ecologist determines thatthe installation is "complete''· ·
Establishment maintenance activities shall include, irrigation,' fertilization, intensive weeding and
plant replacement, delivering to the owner an installation that is weed free, and 100% complete
per the construction documents. •
Long Term· Maintenance shall begin at "Final Acceptance" of the installation, and continue for,a
period of from three to ten years until such time as the project has received official written notice
that project permit.conditions have been satisfied. ' ,
\ ' 6.1 Establis~ment Maintenance
The contractor shall be staffed and equipped adequately to provide sufficient personnel to
maintain the revegetation to a high standard, including early morning hours and on weekends.
6.1.1 Irrigation
An initial schedule will be prepared as an approximate schedule for the applic~tion of
supplemental water. The schedule shall be adjusted as required by field conditions, plant growth
and weather; in coordination with the restoration ecologist. ·
Irrigatiov shall begin 24 hours after the hydroseeding is completed. Maintain even moisture on
the soiJ surface at all times. Depending on the weather and soils this may require short duration
applications as often as three times per day during warm sunny days. Do not create soggy ,
conditions by over watering. Schedule irrigation to occur in early morning hours (5 a.m. to
8:a.m.) during minimal wind: Use a soil probe to check soil moisture once a week during the
establishment period. As the seeds germinate and an even coverage of seedlings (two to three
inches in height) is realized, the frequency of irrigation should be gradually reduced and the
duration il).creased.
After initial establishment, infrequent deep irrigation ,is recommended. To obtain deep water
penetration and thoroughly 'moistened the soil to a depth of one to two feet it may be necessary to
cycle the irrigation system several time.s in one twenty-four hour period. Repair of manufactured
slopes and plantings due to erosion is a component of the establishment maintenance contractor's
responsibility.
6.1.2 Fertilizer
Fertilizer applications shall be applied by hand broadcasting at 45 days, and aga_in 90 days after
the hydroseeding. Additional fertilization may be directed by the Restoration Ecologist.
6.1.3 WeedAbatement
The restoration ecologist shall initiate weed eradication activities so that a training session can be
scheduled to discuss weed removal procedures. All maintenance personnel involved in the
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 28
weeding process must attend this start-up meeting. The contractor must designate a weed crew
manager who will be the contact supervisor for weed removal information.
No weeds shall be allowed to set seed during the 120-day installation maintenanceperiod unless
allowed by the restoration ecologist. The contractor must make a weeding crew available to·
perform all weeding requested within one week of the restoration ecologist's request. Weeding
shall be by hand-pulling unless· specifically directed otherwise by the restoration ecologist.
If mass herbiciding is allowed, the restoration ecologist shall be on-site to observe the beginning
of the work. The contractor must utilize techniques acceptable to the restoration ecologist. The
herbicide. to be used shall be a chemical approved for use in wetland habitats, applied by a state
licensed applicator. The restoration ecologist shall determine if a second cycle of herbiciding is
necessary.
If it is determined that contractor negligence is responsible for excessive weed growth or for loss
of natives due to poor weeding practices, the contractor shall be responsible for replacement
plantings as determined to be necessary by the restoration ecologist.
6.1.4 Pest and Disease Control
fu most cases pests will be tolerated, and pesticide application will not be required during a 120
establishment period. Only in circumstance of extreme plant duress, will pesticides .be
authorized for use. Pesticides must only be applied by a state of California licensed applicator,
in strict adherence to all applicable state and federal law.
fu the case of plant disease, the restoration ecologist will determine whether container plants will
be replaced. Fungicides and bactericides are not preferred treatments. If the contractor is
directed to replace diseased plants, a new location for a hole must be selected. A healthy plant
shall not be replanted in a hole where a diseased plant has been removed. If damping-off of
seedlings has occurred due to excessively wet conditions, a cultural remedy may include
cultivation, or the addition of gypsum.
6.1.5 Inspection and Replacements
Uniform germination is essential throughout all seeded areas where irrigation is being delivered.
Seeded areas without uniform growth may be the result of too much or too little water.
Regardless, re-seeding will be required in irrigated areas until a uniform cover of seedlings is
established. Hand seeding will be allowed for small areas, but species diversity must be similar
·to that' in well establishing hydroseeded areas.
Container plants which, in the opinion of the restoration ecologist are dead or unhealthy shall be
replaced according to original specifications. All replacement container plants will be located
with a flag, color coded to a particular species. A planting with 100% survival of container
plants must be delivered to the Owner at the end of the establishment maintenance period.
fu non-irrigated plots, remedial replanting will be necessary when establishment failure threatens
to drop the installation below acceptable performance standards (see Section 7.3.1, Table 10).
The restoration ecologist will determine the methods and the species to be replanted.
~
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 29
6.1.6 Inspection Schedule
The landscape contractor shall walk the project with the restoration ecologist once.a week until
acceptance of the revegetation, a minimum of 120 days.
6.2 Long Term Maintenance
Newly installed revegetation areas are subject to at least four years and eight months of long term
· maintenance. ·The long term maintenance duration is dependent on when revegetation
performance standards are met. Upon final acceptance of the contractor's installation, at the end
of the establishment maintenance period, a maintenance contractor will be chosen by the owner
to implement the guidelines summarized in this section. To ensure that the installation is
adequately maintained, a restoration ecologist will observe maintenance activities, and make
recommendations to the owner. The restoration ecologist must have authority from the Owner to
observe all maintenance activities occ·urring onsite.
Maintenance activities will include: irrigation scheduling and monitoring of the irrigation
schedule, weed control, trash removal and vandalism control, erosion control, horticultural
recommendations, and replacement of vegetation that fails to meet survival parameters.
6.2.1 Irrigation
Supplemental irrigation will assist wetland creation plot plant establishment for the duration
required to prod!)Ce a self-supporting plant community. Irrigation scheduling will be the adjusted
per plant cultural requirements by the restoration ecologist in consultation with the maintenance
contractor. When fr is determined by the restoration ecologist, in consultation with the owner, and
his representatives that the installation is self-sustaining, written notice will be provided to
permitting agencies that cessation of supplemental irrigation has occurred. Upon completion of the
monitoring phase of the project, the irrigation system will either be dismantled and/or abandoned.
6.2.2 Trash Removal and Vandalism Control
Pruning or removal of native vegetation may occur only if approved by the restoration ecologist.
All weeds be removed from the property and disposed of at a recognized disposal site. Trash
removal must be performed by hand at least twice a year during the monitoring period. Vandalism
of plantings, irrigation, and/or otper revegetation associated equipment shall be reported in writing
by the maintenance contractor and/or other owner's representatives to the owner within 3 working
days of discovery. Replacement of poorly performing or vandalized.equipment must be
accomplished immediately to ensure proper plant growth. Plantings damaged by lack of proper
irrigation are the responsibility of the contractor, even if vandalism is the cause. The coritractor
will be required to replace planting that die due to lack of proper irrigation.
6.2.3 Weed Abatement -see Section 6.1.3.
6.2.4 Erosion Control
Repair of manufactured slopes and plantings due to erosion is part of the long term maintenance
contractor's responsibility. The maintenance contractor is required to repair small erosion
problems as noticed when they are small, and not to allow them to become major problems.
After repaired, seeding and or container planting of the problem area will occur, as directed by
the restoration ecologist.
Calavera I)am Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, .10/26/06 30
6.2.5 Horticultural Recommeudations
No fertilizer will ,be applied by the maintenance contractor unless directed ,by the restoration
ecologist. Various chemical treatments such as hormones, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides
will not be applied unless a severe threat to the installation is imminent, and must first be
approved by the restoration ecologist. All minor pest infestations will be tolerated.
6.2.6 Replacement of Vegetation
,'.'. ""'~ .
Replacement of missing or poorly performing plants will occur as directed by the restoration
ecologist Plantings specified will have a composition similar to the plant material' specified in
the original installation, unless previoµs establishment failures suggest otherwise. Timing of the
installation and supplemental irrigation procedures will be determined by the restoration
ecologist. If replacement vegetation areas become adequately established on the site, and do not
cause_ the plant community evaluation to fall below acceptable final performance standards, no
extension to the monitoring and maintenance program is required.
6.2. 7 Level of Maintenance and Inspection Schedule
I
A minimum five years,of maintenance of riparian/wetland creation/restoration/enhancement
areas shall take place, unless success criteria are met earlier and all artificial water supplies have
been off for at least two years.
The level of maintenance necessary to establish revegetation that meets performance standards
will vary from year to year and will also depend upon variables that are unique to the·
revegetation site. In general, year one maintenance activity will occur once a week. Years two
and three will require less maintenance than year one, and may require maintenance only once
every two weeks. However, during the five year establishment period, maintenance personnel
must inspect the revege~tion site at least once a month, and must notify the restoration ecologist
if a problem threatening performance standard compliance is observed. A log of maintenance
activity must be kept by the maintenance contractor during the entire five year period; and made
available to the restoration ecologist upon request. '
The maintenance contractor shall walk the project with the restoration ecologist, every quarter
during qualitative monitoring .inspections for the first three years of the project, or until
supplementalirrigation has been turned off. During year four and year five annual inspections,
the maintenance contractor will walk the revegetation site with the restoration 1ecologist.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program,, I 0/26/06 31
I . '·
7 .0 Monitoring Plan
The monitoring contractor shall employ personnel with previous revegetation monitoring 1
experience to observe, make recommendations, and report project status as directed by this plan.
7.1 Perforniance Monitoring
This section provides direction for the performance monitoring of revegetation. The revegetation
· effort will be deemed successful when the performance standards specified in this plan have been
met, and the project has received written confirmation that all habitat permit requirements have
been met. These standards are designed to anticipate a period when the plantings are self-
sustaining and no longer require extensive·weed control. A minimum five years of monitoring of
riparian/wetland creation/restoration/enhancement areas· shall take place, unless success criteria
are met earlier and all artificial water sµpplies have been shut off ~or a least two years. This
period is anticipated to be five years following planting for created wetland, upland restoration,
and enhancement plots. Erosion control of cut-slopes created by the wetland restoration will be
monitored by visual estimate only, primarily to insure that erosion is controlled so wetland plot
elevations are maintained as excavated.
Two types of performance monitoring shall occur, qualitative monitoring and quantitative
monitoring. Qualitative monitoring provides_ a general visual assessment of project growth,
health, maintenance and recommendations. Quantitative monitoring provides revegetation area
data as measured by transect protocols.
Monitoring will assess species survivorship, coverage and composition, use and health of the
habitat, and remedial measures necessary to facilitate compliance with performance measures.
A map of proposed sampling locations will be provided. Photo points shall be used for
qualitative monitoring and.stratified-random sampling shall be used for all quantitative
monitoring. · • · · ·
7.2 Qualitative monitoring
At the time of final acceptance of the contractors installation (scheduled for 120.days after
installation), performance monitoring shall commence. J;)uring the first year, qualitative
monitoring shall occur once a month during months five through twelve. For year two,
monitoring will occur once every three months. For years three, four and five, monitoring will
occur once every six months. Each revegetation area will be observed, and notes will document
area status. Qualitative surveys will consist of a comprehensive walk and observation of each
plot. Monitoring observation notes shall be distributed to the owner and to the maintenance
contractor. A summary of qualitative monitoring will be incorporated into project quarterly and
annual status reports.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 32
' '
The following categories will be assessed during each quarterly site walkover:
l) Irrigation system
2) Trash / Vandalism
3) Weed growth/ status
4) Erosion
5) Pests / Disease .
6) Survival of contractor installed containers and cuttings (until visually indistinct from
seed grown materials)
6) Vegetative cover of key vegetation
7) Percent cover of key species
8) Observations / Recommendations (general health, cultural issues, maintenance
recommendations, project compliance recommendations, animal use of the habitat).
7.2.l Photodocumentation
Photodocumentation stations will be established at locations where views best capture the
project. The same photo stations will be used throughout the project. Project reports will
include a current photo of each photo station for that reporting period. Annual reports will
include baseline and current photographs for the year for each photo station.
7.3 Quantitative Monitoring of Created/ Enhan~ed Wetlands
Quantitative data will be collected once each year (between the months of January and June) to
measure project growth. California.native Plant Society data sampling protocols will be
employed to generate data. Transect data will then be averaged to provide a composite sample
that will be compared to performance standards listed in Section 7.4. One 50m transect will be
located for each wetliµid habitat plot. For native grassland restoration, a qualitative assessment
will be provided, but no transect data will be collected. If the revegetated habitat does not meet
or exceed the performance standards for that year, remedial measures will be recommended to
the owner for implementation during the next growing season.
7 .3. l Performance Standards for Created / Enhanced Wetland Habitat
Performance standards will determine if the restoration/ revegetation areas have satisfied permit
conditions, and shall be released from further mitigation requirements.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 33
Table 11-Created /.Enhanced Wetland Habitat Performance Standards
120Day 95% survival of contractor installed container material. 85% survival of
Performance Standards: contractor installed cuttin!>:.material
Uniform 1>ermination of seed
1st Year Standards: 80% survival of installed containerkutting material. Replace all dead
plants unless their function and value has been replaced by natural
' recruitment
20% ve1>etative cover of kev vegetation.
2nd Year Standard: 80% survival of installed container/cutting material. Replace all dead
plants unless their function and value has been replaced-by natural
recruitment
40% vegetative cover of key vegetation
3rd Year Standards: 60% ve!>:etative cover of kev ve!>:etation.
Bv·vear-end, shut off sunnlemental irrigation.
4th Year Standards: 75% ve!>:etative cover of kev vegetation
Allow no sunnlemental irrigation,
5th Year Standards: 85% vegetative cover of key vegetation, including:
-tree overstory cover = 55 % minimum -
-shrub midstory cover = 1'5% minimum
-herbaceous understorv cover= 15% minimum
Evidence of natural recruitment of multiole soecies for all habitat tvoes
0% coverae:e for all Cal-lPC soecies
No more than I 0% cover for other exotic/weed soecies
7.3.2 Assessing Wetland Creation Species Composition
For this project, the target habitat is<'wetlands", a compositional unit not based on a single plant
community. Site hydrology is anticipated.to favor dryer adapted wetland species, so facultative
wetland plants associated with Southern Willow Scrub and Mulefat Scrub ru;e likely to dominate
the revegetation plots. Obligate wetland species may establish weakly, particularly at higher ,
elevations of the revegetation plots. Still, successful wetland establishment for this project
shoul.d be measured in terms of survivorship of the species installed. To this end it is proposed
that the species installed should combine to represent at least 50% of the ultimate vegetative
cover, based on q1,1antitative monitoring results at the time the project petitions to be released
from its monitoring obligation:
The target list of wetland species to equal 50% composition at project release includes:
Salix lasiolepis
Baccharis salicifolia
Salix gooddingii
Salix exigua
Scirpus robustus
Juncus .acutis sphaerocarpus
Ambrosia psilostachya
· Arroyo willow
Mulefat
Black willow
Sandbar willow
California rush
Spiny rush
Western ragweed
The remaining cover may be comprised of facultative or obligate wetland species occurring in
. wetlands local to the study area.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 34
Sampling will provide data on ultimate veg~tative cover of key vegetation, and· percent survival.
of key species. Vegetative cover of key vegetation refers to the percentage of cover _of native
plants appropriate to .the habitat type beingrevegetated in the sample., With overlapping
canopies of vegetation, over one-hundred percent cover is possible. Covers other than
appropriate native species are bare, litter, and exotic species. Consistent sampling techniques
will be used throughout the monitoring process to ·ensure accurate comparisons .. Results will be
included in the project annual reports submitted to the resource agencies.
7:3.3 Wetland Delineation
A wetland .delineation shall be done to confirm that Corps jurisdictional wetlands have been
successfully created/r~stored prior to final approval of creation/restoration sites.
7.3.4 Other Wetland Creation /Enhancement Test Conditions
Non-native grasses shall be ignored in the samples, and removed from the data sets. The reason
is that c'ontrol of these grasses will only be possible when the cover is dense enough to inhibit
grass growth. Density of canopy is a function of the age of the restored/ revegetated area. Since
these communities may be relatively young when sampled, they may be well enough established
to thrive indefinitely, but not as dense as old growth stands that have been sampled as reference
llreas. If non-native grasses are controlled by herbicide, loss ofdesirable species is sure to occur.
If a habitat type(s) fails the final performance test, and othertype(s) successfully pass
performance testing; those types that have successfully tested will not require re-testing.
However, all habitats must successfully test, or other measures must be arranged;.prior to release
of the mitigation obligation. Additionally, final performance monitoring shall not occur until:
1) at least two years has passed since supplemental irrigation has been utilized
2) at least three years since seed or plants have been installed
3) all permit special conditions have been met
7.4 Quantitative Monitoring of Created/ Restored CSS Habitat and Native Cut-
Slope Revegetation
Quantitative data will be collected once each year (between the months of January and June) to
measure project growth. Both point-intercept line transect sampling and fixed 1 meter quadrats
will be used to generate data. Two 25 meter transects and two 1 meter quadrats will be located
within the restoration plot(s). If the revegetated habitat does not meet or exceed the performance
standards for that year, remedial measures will be recommended to the owner for implementation
during the next growing season.
7.4.1 Performance Standards for Created and Restored CSS Habitat and Native Cut-Slope
Revegetation
' ' Performance standards will determine if the restoration area( s) has satisfied .permit conditions,
and shall be released from further mitigation requirements.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 35
Table 12-Created and Restored CSS Habitat and Cut-Slope Revegetation Performance
Standards ·
120Day Uniform germination of seed.
Performance Standards:
1st Year 5% vegetative cover of key vegetation
Performance Standards: non-natives not to exceed 15% ultimate cover
2nd Year •l 0% vegetative cover of key vegetation
Performance Standards: non-natives not to exceed 20% ultimate cover . '
3rd Year 20% vegetative cover of key vegetation
Performance Standards: non-natives not to exceed 20% ultimate cover
4'" Year 35% vegetative cover of key vegetation
Performance Standards: non-natives not to exceed 15% ultimate cover
5'" Year 60% vegetative cover of key vegetation for created areas
Performance Standards: 50% vegetative cover of key vegetation for restored areas
40% to .65% ultimate vegetative cover for native cut-slope revegetation
7.4.2 Assessing CSS Creation and Restoration Species Composition
For this project, the targethabitat is species typically associated with coastal sage scrub, and also
any other native species that volunteer in the restoration plot(s). Given that this restoration is
non-irrigated, native cover is anticipated to establish slowly. Still, successful upland
establishment for this project should be measured in terms of survivorship of the species
installed. At least one-half of the species installed should combine to represent over 50%' of the
ultimate vegetative cover, based on quantitative monitoring results at the time the project
petitions to be released from its monitoring obligation.
For a list of CSS Creation species to equal 60% composition at project release, See Table 3, page
9.
For a list of CSS Restoration species to equal 50% composition at project release, see table 4,
page 11. ·
7.4.3 Other Upland Restoration Test Conditions
a) Weed control will be a particularly important function in upland restoration plots to
discourage non-natives from out-competing native seedlings. Strict monitoring and
control of non-natives is required. No more than 10% coverage for other exotic/weed
species and 0% coverage for Cal-IPC List A and B species will be allowed.
b) Spot herbicide treatments will be utilized to control weeds. The restoration shall
.authorize herbiciding as necessary to control weed establishment.
c) Evidence of natural recruitment of multiple species.
7.5 Bird Monitoring
If maintenance of a wetland area·is occupied by vireos and/or flycatchers between March 15 and
September 15, a biologist p~rmitted by the Service will survey for vireos and/or flycatchers
within the creation/restoration/enhancement area, access paths to it, and other areas susceptible
to disturbances by site maintenance. Surveys will consist of three visits separated by two weeks
starting April 1 of each maintenance/monitoring year. Restoration work will be allowed to
continue on the site during the survey period. However, if vireos and/or flycatchers are found
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 36
..
during any of the visits, the applicant will notify and coordinate with the Agencies to identify
measures to avoid and/or minimize effects to the vireo and/or flycatcher ( e.g., nests and an
a_ppropriate buffer will be flagged by the biologist and avoided by the maintenance work).
If maintenance of a coastal ·sage scrub creation/restoration/enhancement area is necessary
between February 15 and.August 31, a biologist permitted by the Service will survey for
gnatcatchers within the creation/restoration/enhancement area, access paths to _it, and other areas
susceptible to disturbances by site maintenance. Surveys will consist of three visits separated by
two weeks starting March 1 of each maintenance/monitoring year. Work will be allowed to
continue on the site during the survey period. However, if gnatcatchers are found during any of
the visits, the applicant will notify and coordinate with the Agencies to identify measures to ·
avoid and/or minimize effects to the gnatcatcher ( e.g., nests and an _appropriate buffer will be
flagged by the biologist and avoided by the maintenance work.
7.6 Record ~eeping
Project records will be kept on file with the restoration ecologist. Data collected during the
project will be distributed to the project owner, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and other
resource agencies no later than December 1 of each sampling year. Records of both positive and
negative results from both qualitative and quantitative sampling efforts will be incorporated into
the yearly status reports to be submitted to resource agencies.
7.7 Reporting
Project reports shall be submitted quarterly to resources agencies as required by permit.
Qualitative monitoring reports will be submitted two to three times a year, and annual reports
will be submitted once a year, detailing quantitative monitoring. Annual reports will include:
1) a summary of the project with appropriate maps,
2) a summa_ry of qualitative monitoring for the year,
3) quantitative data sampling results,
4) photo documentation
5) a summary of methodology and results for revegetation areas,
6) other information required by permit.
7. 7 .1 Monitoring and Reporting Schedule
The information to be provided and the schedule for providing project reports to the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers and other resources agencies, and is as follows:
Table 13 -Agency Reporting Schednle
Month Monitorine Obiective Action Revon to ACOE
0 a complete installation has Notice agencies that the w/in 1 week of
been delivered to the owner. monitoring period has begun. installation
acceptance
4 meet 120 day performance Submit report documenting w/in one month of
standard, and confirm installation.: Make maintenance monitoring
uniform seed germination / recommendations. Prescribe
<rrowth, ohoto remedial olantinJ?
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 37
I '
' . ' '
6 · monitor per qualitative Make maintenance w/in one month of
standards, observe remedial · recommendations. Jo owner / . monitoring
establishment if nec7ssary, maintenance contractor.
photo Report status to agencies.
9 monitor per qualitative Make maintenance w/in one month of
standards, phot9. recommendations. to owner / monitoring
. ' maintenance contractor. '
Reoort status to agencies.
. 12 · · Conduct quantitative Make maintenance .w/in75claysof
monitoring. Evaluate data in recommendations. to owner I monitoring
terms of performance maintenance-contractor.
standards. Recommend remedial plant.ing if
necessary. Report status to
a.e;encies.
15 monitor per qualitative Make maintenance . w/in one month of
standards, observe remedial recommendations. to owner/ monitoring
establishment if necessary, maintenance contractor.
ohoto Report status to agencies.
18 same as month nine same as month.nine same as month nine
21 same as month nine · same as month nine same as month nine
24 same as month twelve same as month twelve same as month 12
32 same as month nine same as month nine same as month nine
36 same as month iwel ve, same as month.twelve same as month 12
Determine if establishment
merits discontinuing
sunnlemental irrigation.
42 same as month nine same as month nfne same as month nine
48 same as month twelve same as month twelve same as month· 12
54, : .same as month nine Submit report documenting w/in one month of
' findings. Ask lead agency for monitoring
final monitoring to occur.
60 Quantitative monitoring will Submit report documenting w/in 75 days of
be conducted by an findings. Ask for release of monitoring
independent contractor obligation if performance
suitable to the CDFG and the standards have been met. Submit
ACOE. remedial mitigation plan if
performance standards have not I been met.
7.8 Final Performfil1:ce Monitoring
Final performance monitoring shall be conducted by an independent contractor acceptable to the
lead agency, and funded by the applicant/owner. Final performance monitoring will take place
upon .the applicant's request to the lead agency, but no sooner than four years after the
installation is completed, as dated by the restoration ecologist's written notice to the contractor
that a complete installation has been delivered to the owner. If the performance standards are not
met.afterten years, the applicant shall submit a remediation plan as an amendment to the
environmental permits.
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 38
7.9 Contingency Measures
If all project performance standards have not been met by six years after the initial installation,
and if the project biologist believes that further attempts to create riparian habitat on the
mitigation plots will continue to be unsuccessful, the City may request that the Corps allow .the
adoption of a contingency measure(s) in partial satisfaction of the project mitigation. requirement.
The Corps shall have complete discretion in accepting or rejecting any proposed contingency
!Ileasure~. Possible contingency measures may include. the following:
.. 1) Provided that a minimum of 0.47 acre-of wetland habitat has been created on the ·
mitigation plots (equivalent to a no-net-loss of habitat), then purchase of mitigation
credits mayb'e considered for the remaining 0.40 acre of mitigation requirement. ·
2) Provided that a minimum of 0.47 acre of wetland habitat has been created on the
mitigation plots (equivalent to a no-net-loss of habitat), then enhancement of degraded
existing habitat may be considered as a substitute for the remaining mitigation
requirement. ·
3) · An alternative mitigation site may be considered to create willow riparian habitat for
the remaining mitigation requirement.
7.8.1 Alternative Locations for Contingency Compensatory Mitigation
No alternative sites for compensatory mitigation are proposed at this time.
7.8.2 Funding Mechanism
Funding for contingency measures shall be the obligation of the City of Carlsbad.
7 .8.3 Responsible Parties
Applicant: City of Carlsbad
Engineering Department
1635 Faraday Ave.
Carlsbad,. CA 92008
Contact: Chris Muehlbacher
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, 10/26/06 39
8.0 References
Bossard, C.C., Randall, J.M., and Hoshovsky, M.C., Editors, 2000, Invasive Plants of California
Wildlands. University of California Press, Santa Rosa, CA. 360 pp.
California Coastal Commission, 2001, Coastal Development Permit No. 6°84-617-A. San Diego,
CA ..
Hickman, J.C., Editor, 1993, The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of Californ(a. University of
California, Berkeley, CA, pp. 1392.
Holland, R.F., 1986, Preliminary Description of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of
California, Unpublished technical report. State of California, The Resources Agency,
Department of Fish and Game, Naturnl History Division, Sacramento, CA.
Faber, P.M., and Holland, R.F., 988, Common Riparian.Plants of California. Pickleweed Press,
Mill Valley, CA. pp. 140.
Merkel & Associates, Inc., May I, 2003, Biological Resources Report, Lake Calavera.
Merkel & Associates, Inc., July 7, 2006, Lake Calavera Dam hnprovements Project, City of
Carlsbad, Biological hnpact Analysis Report-Addendum ..
Munz, P.A., 1974, A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
pp. 1084
Roberts, Fred M., 1995, Illustrated Guide to The Oaks of the Southern Californian Floristic
Province, The Oaks of Coastal Southern California and Northwestern Baja California,
Mexico, F. M. Roberts Publications, Encinitas, California. pp. 112.
Sawyer, J.O. and Keeler-Wolf, T., 1995, A Manual of California Vegetation. California Native
Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. pp. 471.
S&S Seeds, Seed Selection Guide for Reclamation and Landscape. Carpenteria, CA.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Growers Weed Identification Handbook. Publication Number
4030, University of California, Oakland, CA.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Letter to Mr. Michael Grimm (FWS-SDG-3977.1).
University of Minnesota Extension Service, 1998, Sampling and Measuring Timber in the
Private Woodland,
www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/components/DD3025-03.hmtl
'
Calavera Dam Habitat Revegetation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Program, I 0/26/06 40