HomeMy WebLinkAbout; ; 1997 - URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT; 1997-04-01. . 'he
all'Ea~nla Depart:i
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URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
April, 1997
Prepared by:
William E. Plummer, District Engineer
Joni Wiltgen, Management Analyst
Board of Directors:
Claude A. "Bud" Lewis, President
Ramona Finnila
Julianne Nygaard
Ann J. l(ulchin
Matt Hall
Robert J. Greaney, General Manager
Chapter I. lntn>duction
I. I Urban Water Management Planning Act .......................................................... 1
1.2 Carlsbad Municipal Water District ................................................................... l
1.3 Form.at of The Report ......................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2. Water Dctnand
2.1 Historic Wa'ter Use .............................................................................................. 5
2.2 Demographic Trends and Economic Activities .................................................. 5
2.3 Water Use Ca'tegories .................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Water Demand Projections ............................................................................... 9
Chapter 3. Conservation and Public 1\ffairs Progra1ns
3.1 CMWD Commitment to Conservation ........................................................... 13
3.2 Elements of CMWD Conservation Programs .................................................. 13
3 .2. l Participation in Metropolitan and County Water Authority
Regional Conservation Programs .......................................................... 14
3.2.2 Implementation of Conservation BMPs ................................................ 15
3.2.3 Economic and Financial Incentives to Encourage
the Efficient Use ofWater ..................................................................... 17
3.2.4 Water Use Regulation Through City Ordinances .................................. 18
3.2.5 Public Relations and Education Programs ............................................ 18
Chapter 4. Existing Water Supply and I\tlanagc1nent
4.1 Existing Sources of Water Supply .................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Historical Water Supplies ..................................................................... 21
4.1.2 Historical Water Demands ................................................................... 22
4.1.3 1995 Water Demand ............................................................................ 22
i
4.2 TDS Levels in Current Supply ........................................................................ 22
4.2.l Imported Water Quality ....................................................................... 21
4.2 .2 Reclaimed Water Qµality ..................................................................... 24
4.3 Water Supply Management ...... ~ ..................................................................... 24
4.4 Transfers.and Exchan,ges ............. ., ........................................................................... 25
4 .5 Comparison of Existing Water Supplies with Projected DCllland ................... 25
4.6 Future Reliability and Vulnerability ............................................................... 26
Chapter 5. Water Pricing and llate Structures
5.1 CMWD Financial Structure ............................................................................ 29
5.2 Water Rate Structure ...................................................................................... 29
Chapter 6. Drought and E1nergcncy I\t1anage1ncnt
6.1 Response to Prior Drought and Other Emergencies ........................................ 33
6.1.l CMWD Response to 1987-1992 Drought ............................................ 33
6.1.2 Response to Temporary Water Shortage in January 1995 .................... 35
6.2 Water Shortage Contingency Plan .................................................................. 36
6.2.1 Water Usage ......................................................................................... 36
6.2.2 Worst Case Water Supply .................................................................... 36
6.2.3 Stages of Action .................................................................................... 37
6.2.4 Mandatory Prohibitions on Water Use ................................................ 38
6.2.5 Consumption Limits ............................................................................. 38
6.2.6 Penalties for Excessive Use ................................................................... 38
6.2. 7 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts ....................................................... 38
6.2.8 Implementation .................................................................................... 39
6.2.9 Water Use Monitoring Procedures ....................................................... 39
ii
Chapter 7. Evaluation of Alternatives
7 .1 Potential Water Supply Sources ...................................................................... 41
7.2 Evaluation Criteria .......................................................................................... 41
7.3 Comparison of Water Supply Alternatives ..................................................... .41
7.3.1 Seawater Desalination .......................................................................... 41
7.3.2 Brackish Groundwater Desalination ..................................................... 42
7.3.3 Water Transfers .................................................................................... 42
7.3.4 Reclamation .......................................................................................... 43
7.3.5 Stormwater Recovery ............................................................................ 43
7 .3 .6 Conservation Programs ......................................................................... 43
Appendixes
Appendix A Urban Water Management Planning Act ........................................... A-1
Appendix B CMWD Ordinance No. 35 ................................................................. B-1
Appendix C CMWD 1995 Water Quality Report ................................................. C-1
Appendix D Report to Water Quality Control Board ............................................ D-1
Appendix E Carlsbad Municipal Water District System Map .............................. E-1
iii
Li.~t Of Tables A11d Figures
Tables
2-1 Residential Population and Housing Trends in CMWD Service Area ................. ~······· 5
2-2 Employment Data in CMWD Service Area .................................................................. 6
2-3 Disaggregation of Residential Water Use ...................................................................... 8
2-4 Water Use Factors for San Diego County ..................................................................... 9
2-5 Current and Projected Water Use in CMWD Service Area ....................................... 10
3-1 Publications Distributed by CMWD ........................................................................... 19
3-2 School Education Programs Available Through CMWD ............................................ 19
4-1 Sources of Water Supply v. Demand in CMWD Service Area ................................... 22
6-1 Projected Dry-Year Water Supply in CWA Service Area ........................................... 37
6-2 Projected Normal Year Water Demands and Supplies in CWA Service Area ........... 37
Figures
2-1 Disaggregated 1994 Water Consumption in CMWD SeIVice.Area ............................. 7
5-1 CMWD Potable Water Rate Historical Trends .......................................................... 30
iv
Abbrevi,itio11s
AF .................. acre feet
BMP .............. Best Management Practices
CFS ............... cubic feet per second
CII ................. commercial, industrial and institutional
CMWD ......... Carlsbad Municipal Water District
CW A ............. San Diego County Water Authority
DRP .............. Drought Response Plan (CMWD)
DWR ............. State of California Department of Water Resources
FY .................. fiscal year
GPF ............... gallons per flush
HCP ............... Incremental Interruption and Conservation Plan (MWD)
IID ................ Imperial Irrigation District
IRP ................ Integrated Resources Plan (MWD)
MAF .............. million acre feet
mg!L .............. milligrams per liter
MGD ............. million gallons per day
MWD ........... Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
NCWA .......... North County Water Agencies
SANDAG ...... San Diego Association of Governments
TDS ............... total dissolved solids
ULFT ............ ultra-low flush toilet
VID ............... Vista Irrigation District
V
Introduction
I. I UIUf,\N WA I EH l'.11\NAGEAlENI'
PLANNING 1\C I
This report has been prepared in response to
Water Codes Sections 10610 through 19656
of the Urban Water Management Planning
Act (Act), which were added by statute in
1983, Chapter 1009, and became effective
on January 1, 1984.
This Act, which was Assembly Bill (AB) 797,
requires that " . . . every urban water
supplier providing water for municipal
purposes to more than 3,000 customers or
supplying more than 3,000 acre feet of water
annually to prepare and adopt, in accordance
with prescribed requirements, an urban
water management plan."
The Act requires urban water suppliers to file
plans with the California Department of
Water Resources (DWR) every five years
describing and evaluating reasonable and
practical efficient water uses, reclamation,
and conservation activities
The Act has evolved since its passage in
1983. There have been several amendments
to the Act, with the most recent being in
1994. Some of the amendments provided for
additional emphasis on metering, drought
contingency planning, and recycling and
reclamation. The process of refining the Act
continued in 1995, when efforts were made
Chapter
to further develop and clarify various aspects
of the Act.
The Carlsbad Municipal Warer District
(CMWD) prepared and adopted Urban
Water Management Plans in 1985 and 1990
and filed those plans with DWR. This Urban
Water Management Plan is an update of the
1990 plan and was adopted by the Water
District Board of Directors on April 6, 1997.
There have been a number of changes in
CMWD's water planning and management
activities since the 1990 Plan. For example,
the District has been more actively involved
in water conservation activities,
implementation of a Water Reclamation
Master Plan, and pursuing alternative local
water resources.
1.2 CJ\HLSHAIJ MUNICll'/\L iV,\I EH
l)J,<;rIUCI'
Formation and Purpose
The City of Carlsbad was incorporated in
1952. Water demands for the area were
initially provided by the privately held Carls-
bad Mutual Water Company through the
utilization of local supplies. Subsequently
purchased by the City, the Mutual Water
Company constructed a series of wells,
pumping stations and transmission facilities
to quench the thirst of residential,
commercial and agricultural users.
l
Introduction
The Mutual Water Company obtained rights
to 2,382 acre feet of water from the
"Mission Basin" of the San Luis Rey River
Valley in western Oceanside, and held a
license by the State Division of Water Rights
for another l ,000 acre feet annually.
Additionally. water rights for 150 acre feet
annually were held from Calavera Creek and
a lesser amount from Agua Hedionda Creek.
The original license was for irrigation •
purposes and was later changed to
recreational and fire protection purposes.
As demands for water increased, another
problem was being realized with the existing
water system. In times of high demand,
seawater intrusion occurred when water
levels within the San Luis Rey River basin
dropped. The gradual degradation of water
quality prompted the Mutual Water
Company to abandon all attempts to utilize
this water. This created the need for
imported sources.
CMWD was formed as a vehicle to import
Colorado River water into the City of
Carlsbad and the surrounding areas. I ts first
meeting was held on March 22, 1954.
CMWD became a member of the San· Diego
County Water Authority (CWA) the same
year.
In January 1990, CMWD became a
subsidiary district of the City of Carlsbad.
The agency is governed by the Carlsbad City
Council acting as the Water District Board
of Directors. The pre-merger Board now
serves as the District's Water Commission.
The District has 56 employees with the
responsibility of providing administration,
engineering, field operations, sewer
maintenance services, conservation, and
public education. This is accomplished
through four departments: administration,
engineering, operations and construction/
2
maintenance. One managerial position exists
to head each department. The General
Manager has the responsibility for daily
operations and reports directly to the
Executive Manager (City Manager).
SemeeArea
Entirely within the City of Carlsbad's
boundaries, CMWD's service area covers
approximately 32 square miles and serves 85
percent of the City. In 1995, the District
supplied 14,700 acre feet of water to a
population of 58,000 through more than
18,000 service connections.
Conre,anee, Treatment and
Distribrman Faeilltia
CMWD purchases treated water from the
San Diego County Water Authority, which
purchases water from the Metropolitan
Water District of Southern California. The
District has approximately thirteen days of
storage capacity at average daily demands
(total storage is approximately 252 million
gallons). Eleven water storage tanks and one
earthen dam reservoir provide water for
Carlsbad through 400 miles of distribution
system pipelines.
In I 990, the City of Carlsbad adopted a
Reclaimed Water Master Plan. This plan
covers the development of reclaimed water
systems throughout Carlsbad until buildout
(estimated to occur in the year 2015). The
City is in Phase II of this five-phase plan.
1.3 FORA1J\T OF fl/E RLPOHT
The chapters in this report correspond to the
outline presented in the Urban Water
Management Planning Act, specifically
Sections 10631, 10632 and 10633.
The individual chapters corresponding with
the specific provisions of the Act are noted
below:
Chapter 2. Water Demands
§10631: (a) past, current and projected
potable and recycled water use; (I) water
savings from conservation measure~ by user
groups.
Chapter 3. Conservation and Public
Affairs Programs
§ I 0631: (b) ( 1) adopted conservation and
reclamation measures: (c) alternative
conservation measures; ( d) schedule of
implementation (of proposed actions); (g)
methods to evaluate effectiveness of the
conservation measures; (h) steps necessary to
implement proposed action; (i) findings,
actions and planning relating to water
conservation measures; (j) encourage
recirculation of water; (k) actions and plans
to enforce conservation; (m) community
involvement for water management plan-
ning. §10632: (a)(5) incentives to alter water
use practices; (a)(6) public information and
education programs.
Chapter 4. Existing Water su,,,,ly and
Management
§10631: (b)(l) reclamation measures
adopted and being practiced. §10632: (a)(l)
recycled water; (a)(2) exchanges or transfer
of water on a short-term or long-term basis;
(a)(3) management of water system
pressures and peak demand.
Chapter 5. Water Priring and Rate
Structures
§10632: (a)(7) change in pricing, rate
structure and regulations.
Introduction
Chapter 6. Drought and
Emergency Management
§10631: (e) provide an Urban Water Short-
age Contingency Plan; (f) frequency and
magnitude of supply deficiencies.
Chapter 7. Evaluation of Alternatives
§ I 0632: (b) plan preparation, coordination
with wastewater and planning agencies.
§ I 0633: alternative water management
practices.
3
4
Water Demand
2.1 HI.STORIC WATER V.',E
Water use within CMWD's service area is
related to a number of climatic, demographic
and economic factors. Increases in
population and regional economic growth,
while slow in recent years, have influenced
water use in the past and will continue to do
so in the future.
Southern California experienced dramatic
economic growth during the 1970s and
1980s. During the early 1990s, however, the
rate of economic growth declined due to the
severity and duration of the recent recession.
The recession in California was led by
declines in the manufacturing sector;
particularly hard-hit were the defense and
aerospace industries. Statewide job losses
during the recession were concentrated in
Southern California, which accounted for
almost 75 percent of California's total job
losses from 1991 to early 1993.
Water facilities are part of the region's
15,990
7,991
1,272
218
17,640
8,602
1,273
218
Chapter
infrastructure system in the same way that
electrical power, natural gas, waste treatment
and other utilities are considered
infrastructure. Therefore, development for
an appropriate and adequate water supply
infrastructure is dependent on the
anticipated level of growth for the region.
Economic growth in Southern California
depends upon national and international
economic factors (e.g., interest rates,
unemployment, capital spending trends) as
well as regional population and job growth
trends. Population, housing and employment
growth in CMWD's service area are assumed
to occur at levels projected by the San Diego
Association of Governments (SANDAG) in
its Series 8 Regional Growth Forecast.
2.2 DEJWOGUAPHIC TRENDS ANIJ
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Population and Housing Growth
SANDAG estimates indicate that over
21,479
10,125
764
218
30,656
12,160
256
218
91.7%
52.2%
-79.9%
00%
Housing Total 25,471 27,733 32,586 43,290 70.0%
Source: SANDAG Serles 8 Regional Growth Forecast, 1995
5
Water Demand
TABLE 2-2
1,616 2,207
7,734 8,153 8,823
1,091 1,015 964 1,009 1,224 12.19%
1,253 1,312 1,352 1,883 2,798 123.30%
7,119 7,277 8,149 10,643 49.50%
2,736 79.53%
Source: SANDAG Serles 8 Regional Growth Forecast, 1995 (Interim Forecast, 5195)
60,000 people resided in CMWD's service
area in 1996. Population projections in the
CMWD service area for the years 1 996
through 2015 are shown in Table 2-1 (page
5). Approximately 40.000 additional people
are expected to move into CMWD's service
area by the year 2015. Persons per
household will remain constant at 2.4.
SANDAG forecasts steady growth in
residential housing. The total housing stock
is expected to increase 70 percent by the
year 2015. The vacancy rate is forecasted to
decline from 8.6 percent in 1990 to 4.6
percent in 2015. Table 2-1 depicts future
projections for population and housing
increases through 2015.
Industrial and Commercial Activities
6
Carlsbad has prospered by attracting a broad
range of industries, who in tum provide a
diverse employment base. This is projected
to continue in the years to come. Current
major employers include the Plaza Camino
Real shopping center, Callaway Golf, Cobra
Golf, Donjoy, Upper Deck, Puritan Bennett
and the La Costa Hotel and Spa. Table 2-2
details past, current and projected trends for
the employment base within CMWD's
service area.
Economic Trends and Growth
Management
As stated earlier, the level of economic
growth within the entire region depends
upon national and global economic factors.
The effects of increased development in the
1980s were felt around the country, and
probably nowhere more severely than
Southern California. Carlsbad's desirable
location, situated on the coast 35 miles
north of San Diego, makes it a prime area
for increased levels of growth and
development.
In order to manage this growth, the City of
Carlsbad adopted a Growth Management
Program. This program assures the adequacy
of public facilities and services by providing
them concurrent with growth. The purpose
of the program is not to stop or control
growth, but rather to manage residential,
commercial and industrial growth based
upon compliance with facility-based
performance standards.
2.3 WATEn USE CATEGOnJES
Water demand within CMWD's service area
declined in the early 1990s as a result of
drought rationing, the economic recession
and the cooler and wetter weather
experienced in 1992 and 1993. Since then,
water use has remained relatively constant.
In order to better understand water use
trends and characteristics, total water
consumption has been disaggregated into six
major categories: residential, commercial,
irrigation, agriculture, reclaimed and
industrial. Water usage by these sectors in
1996 is depicted in Figure 2-1.
Residential Water Use
Although single-family homes currently
account for 64 percent of the total housing
stock in Carlsbad, they currently account for
over 7 6 percent of total residential water
demands. This is due to the fact that on a
per housing basis, single-family households
tend to use more water than households in a
multi-family structure (e.g., duplexes and
apartment buildings). Reasons for this
indicate that, on average, single-family
Water Demand
households tend to have more persons living
in the household and are likely to have more
water-using appliances and fixtures, and tend
to have more landscaping per house.
In Carlsbad, residential water use varies
according to season and type of use, as
shown in Table 2-3 (page 8). For example,
residential water demand in the month of
March represents 5 6 percent of the total
water demand within the CMWD service
area. By contrast, residential demand in the
month of August represents only 42 percent
of total demand. With regard to type of use,
it is estimated that about 70 percent of
residential water demands are for indoor
water use purposes, while 30 percent are for
outdoor water uses.
Table 2-3 breaks down residential demand
into seasonal and non-seasonal components,
as well as specific end uses. This information
was developed with the assistance of the
Metropolitan Water District, and will give
staff an increased understanding of potential
water savings due to conservation measures.
Industrial and Commercial Water Use
FIGURE 2-1
Disaggregated 1996 Water Consumption
in CMWD Service Area
Commercial
16.1%
Reclalmed
8_3o/o Industrial
2.0%
Residential
48.2%
Single
Family
75.9o/o
Multl-
Famlly
24.1%
7
Water Demand
TABLE 2-3
Industrial sector water demands amount to
the smallest sector of annual water demands.
Currently averaging only 2 percent, the
seasonal variation fluctuation varies from 2.9
percent in March to 1.8 percent in August.
This minor seasonal variation is due to low
exterior water demands.
Commercial water demands also exhibit
minimal seasonal fluctuations, with the
March demand equal to 20 percent and the
August demand equal to 15 percent. Overall,
co mmercial demand represents 16 percent of
the total water demand in the CMWD
service area.
8
Commercial water use is a function of total
commercial employment (i.e., the number of
65-75 60-70 75-85
25.1 22.2 31 .2
18.3 25.6
14.4 12.3
8.5 11.5
25-35 30-40 15-25
27.2 30.8 16.1
1.6 2.0 0.4
1.4 1.8 0.9
0.2 0.0 0.4
employees) in the service area. It also
depends on the mix of commercial activities
that are present. In general, however,
commercial water use is similar to residential
use in terms of seasonaVnon-seasonal and
indoor/outdoor coIT1ponents.
Irrigation Water Use
The effects of seasonal differences will have
an obvious influence on irrigation demands.
Just ahead of commercial water use,
irrigation is the second largest water use in
the CMWD service area. Carlsbad's
development over the last decade and a half
has brought about the creation of large
amount of irrigated areas with various uses,
including medians, slopes, parkways and
parkways. Seasonal fluctuations range from
6 percent of total demand in March to
almost 20 percent in the month of August.
The City of Carlsbad adopted a Landscape
Manual in 1990 to assist development
applicants and landscape architects in
understanding the City's policies toward
landscaping. Specifically, the manual
requires that irrigation systems be designed
to provide the optimum amount of water for
plant growth without causing soil erosion or
runoff. At the same time, the document
requires that landscape design will include
water conservation and alternative (non-
potable) water sources as primary criteria.
CMWD sells approximately 1,000 acre feet
per year of reclaimed water for use by
customers with irrigation demands. These
customers use reclaimed water to irrigate golf
courses, median strips and landscaped areas.
In 1997, the Carlsbad Flower Fields will be
converted to using reclaimed water.
Agricultural Water Use
Agricultural water have been decreasing in
Carlsbad for the last decade and a half. In
1982, this sector accounted for over 32
percent of total water demands. In 1996,
this figure was only 8 percent.
This sector experiences wide seasonal
fluctuations due to weather conditions and
timing of the growing seasons. In March,
agriculture accounts for 6.1 percent of total
Water Demand
consumption in comparison to 9 .3 percent in
August.
Reclaimed Water Use
As noted earlier, CMWD sells approximately
1,000 acre feet per year of reclaimed water.
Reclaimed water is used only by irrigation
customers. These customers use the water to
irrigate golf courses, median strips and
landscaped areas. Overall, reclaimed water
use represents approximately 8.3 percent of
total water use in the CMWD service area.
Wide seasonal fluctuations occur with
reclaimed water use. In March, reclaimed
water represents just 2.6 percent of total
water use, while in August, it represents 11
percent. Reclaimed water use is lower in the
winter to avoid potential runoff into lagoons
and the ocean during rainy weather.
The City of Carlsbad adopted a Reclaimed
Water Master Plan in 1990 which
implements five phases. The District is
currently in Phase II. The Master Plan
covers the development of reclaimed water
systems throughout Carlsbad until buildout,
which is estimated to occur in the year 2015.
2.4 WATEI! DEMAND
Pl?.0/ECTIONS
In forecasting residential demand, several
factors are taken into consideration,
including population, housing mix,
TABLE 2-4
Water Use Factors for San Diego County
(Demand Factors Assume Normal Weather Cond1t1ons)
• r da
:❖.:'.<:= Si 11i
M "g unit per day
c itri,I,t§j~111 ~,~~,~~,~~~Y,~:~!
'Wit 99 '"r,a
'40
187 196
9
Water Demand
TABLE 2-5
Average Day Demand
Year
1995
2015
lAE1 lm9.r!1
40.30 13.13
77.96 25.40
household occupancy, household income,
weather conditions and conservation
measures. In the case of commercial and
industrial water use, projected demands are a
function of employment in commercial,
institutional and manufacturing
establishments as well as water and
wastewater prices and conservation
measures.
Projected Water Use
Projected water use in the CMWD service
area was calculated by multiplying
projections of long-term demographics
(population, housing and employment) with
their respective water use factors, as shown
in Table 2-4 (page 9). In addition, projected
water use incorporates current and future
water demand management ( conservation)
efforts. CMWD is committed to
implementing a number of long-term water
conservation measures, specifically those
referred to as Best Management Practices
(BMPs). The effects of these conservation
BMPs are reflected in demand projections.
The water demand forecast results in Table
2-5 show that water use in the CMWD
service area is projected to increase almost
200 percent by the year 2015.
Factors InfluencingFuture Water Use
The total water use in CMWD's service area
is expected to grow because of the
continuing increases in population and
employment in Southern California.
However, the growth in water demand may
be higher or lower than the rate of
population growth, depending on a number
of forces that are known to influence water
use.
Water demand forecasts are not solely a
function of population, housing and
employment increases or decreases. Average
rates of water use (in gallons per capita per
day, gallons per housing unit per day or
gallons per employee per day) are also
expected to change over time.
Even without the impacts of water
conservation, the average rates of water use
can change over time because of other
changing demographic and economic
characteristics. For example, changes in
housing mix (single-family versus multi-
family), employment mix (within the non-
residential sector), income, persons per
household and other factors can affect rates
of water use.
Trends Causing Increases in Water Use
Several trends will tend to increase water use
rates in the future. These include:
1. Increasing household income. Increases in
income will lead to home improvement
investments. These expenditures often
include water-using appliances and
installations (e.g., additional landscaping and
cooling systems). Increases in real income
may also translate to larger lot sizes with
greater landscape watering requirements.
2. A decreasing share of multi1amily
housing units in total housing stock. Because
multi-family structures share landscaping
and swimming pools, and generally have
fewer water-using appliances (i.e., washing
machines, dishwashers, etc.), the average
water use is lower than in detached single
family residences. Currently, housing units
in multi-family structures represent just over
3 i percent of the total housing stock in the
CMWD service area. This figure is expected
to decline to 28 percent by the year 2015.
3. An increasing regional per capita product.
Demographic projections indicate that a
greater share of the population will be
employed in the coming decades, causing the
gross regional product to grow faster than
population. This, in turn, will cause per
capita rates of water use to increase.
4. Decreasing household size. Between 1970
and 1990, the average household size
decreased. Although this trend is slowing,
the result is that more housing units will be
built per capita. This trend will result in
slight increases in per capita water use.
Trends CausingDecn:ases in Water Use
Several trends are expected to decrease water
use in CMWD's service area. The major
influences in this category are described as
follows:
1. Employment mix. The distribution of
employment and economic activities is
constantly changing, thus affecting the use
of water in the commercial and
manufacturing sectors. As employment shifts
from the relatively water-intensive
manufacturing sector to lower-intensive
commercial/institutional sector, this can have
the effect of decreasing water use per capita.
2. Plumbing codes. The use ofwater-
efficient fixtures is required by California law
Water Demand
and the 1992 National Energy Policy Act.
New and remodeled construction must meet
the water efficiency standards for toilets,
showerheads, faucets and urinals. As newer
building stock is added to the existing stock,
this will cause average rates of water use to
decrease.
3. Conservation programs. Reductions in
water use will result from the
implementation of Best Management
Practices (BMPs). These include residential
retrofit programs, leak detection and repair
programs, landscaping water efficiency
measures (including education about water
practices and low water-using plants), and
other measures outlined in subsequent
sections of this plan.
4. Changes in retail prices. Price increases
( in real terms) provide incentives to
consumers to use water more efficiently.
Water demand studies conducted by the
Metropolitan Water District indicate that
during the 1980-1992 period, single-family
residential customers decreased, on average,
their water use by 0.185 percent for each 1.0
percent increase in the marginal price of
water (net of inflation).
An average reduction of 0.157 percent per
1.0 percent increase in price was found in all
other types of residential housing. Business
and industry showed the lowest response of
0.106 percent reductions for 1.0 percent
increase in price.
The water use factors shown in Table 2-4
account for these influences on the average
rates of water use over time. These water use
factors were used by CMWD, in conjunction
with demographic projections, to forecast
water demands.
11
12
Chapter
Conservation and Public
Affairs Programs
3.1 Ci\HVlJ COi\1i\11Ti\1ENT 10
CON,•;EU.V1\ /JON
Southern California faces the challenge of
providing a reliable water supply for an
expanding population. Conservation plays an
important role in planning to reliably meet
future water demand. By making wiser use
of water, the need for new sources of supply
can be lessened.
The Carlsbad Municipal Water District
recognizes water conservation, or demand
management, as a priority in any resource
strategy developed for the city. CMWD has
developed a variety of effective approaches
to water conservation, both independently
and in conjunction with the San Diego
County Water Authority and the
Metropolitan Water District.
CMWD is committed to conservation as
outlined in the Memorandum of Understanding
Regarding Urban Water Conservation in
California. The District will make good faith
efforts to implement the Best Management
Practices (BMPs) outlined in the MOU, to
develop new cost-effective practices and to
initiate these practices as they become
feasible.
Long-Term Program Goal
The long-term goal of CMWD's water
conservation program is to achieve and
maintain a high level of water use efficiency
in our service area. The specific objectives
include:
• elimination of wasteful practices in
water use;
• development of information on both
current and potential conservation
practices; and
• timely implementation of conservation
practices.
3.2 ELEIWEN rs OF Ci\HVI)
CONSERVArION l'IU)CU.Ai\1S
The five major components of CMWD's
water conservation program are:
l) Participation in the regional
conservation programs being
implemented or developed by the
Metropolitan Water District and the
County Water Authority.
2) Implementation of conservation
BMPs.
3) Economic and financial incentives to
encourage efficient use of water.
4) Water use regulation through city
ordinances.
5) Public relations and education
programs.
Each of these components plays an
important role in the implementation of
13
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
demand management measures, and is
discussed in subsequent sections.
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1111,l Ct11111t)' Wat,.,. Autlwrit)'
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Both Metropolitan and the County Water
Authority offer regional programs and
activities to their member agencies. These
measures are designed to incorporate water
conservation into short-term and long-term
water management plans.
ULFT Voucher Program
Through this program, participating
customers are offered a voucher redeemable
with local plumbing dealers for up to $75 off
the purchase price of an approved ultra-low
flush toilet (ULFT). Single-family, multi-
family, commercial, industrial and
institutional customers are eligible to
participate.
Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washing
Machine Rebate Program
This program offers customers a rebate of
$ I 00 for the purchase and installation of a
new horizontal-axis clothes washing
machine. This program generates both water
and energy savings and is available to single-
family, multi-family, commercial, industrial
and institutional customers. It is offered in
conjunction with San Diego Gas & Electric.
Public Institutions PlumbingRetrofit
Program
The plumbing retrofit program provides
direct funding assistance to public agencies
to purchase 1.6 gallon per ULFTs to retrofit
select public facilities such as libraries,
schools, park and recreation centers, fire
stations, city administrative offices, etc. The
County Water Authority and Metropolitan
14
fund the purchase cost of the ULFTs, and
the public facility participants are
responsible for insuring ULFT installation.
Commercial. Industrial and
Institutio-1 (CII) Survey Program
The CII Program offers complimentary
surveys to the top IO percent of all
CMWD's commercial, industrial and
institutional water customers. The purpose
of the program is to offer cost-effective
recommendations to CII customers on how
to reduce their facilities' water consumption
without affecting processes or production
levels.
Large Turf Water Management
Program
This program provides a survey of the
irrigation system and landscape at sites with
two or more acres of irrigated landscape.
Using methodology developed by Cal Poly
San Luis Obispo, the surveyor performs
catch-can tests, makes numerous soil and
plant observations, and calculates irrigation
schedules.
Agricultural Water Ma-gement
Program
This agricultural program provides irrigation
system evaluations to agricultural properties
with two or more acres of irrigated crop or
grove. The surveyor makes observations of
the plant material, soil and irrigation system.
Emission uniformity and pressure readings
are determined for the irrigation system and
recommendations are given along with crop
data and industry information about the
particular type of irrigation equipment in
use.
Residential Survey Program
CMWD's Residential Survey Program
provides water conservation surveys to all
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
customers upon request. This survey is
conducted free of charge. The District's
Water Conservation Specialist, a certified
irrigation auditor, completes a thorough
interior and exterior water usage analysis,
including reviewing water history with the
customer, checking for leaks, assisting in the
installation of low-flow showerheads and
faucet aerators (provided by CMWD), and
suggesting an improved irrigation system ..
Water Hunt Program
In 1994, CMWD participated in MWD's
Water Hunt Program. This program
combined water conservation education with
the distribution of low-flow showerheads in a
low-cost package program. School children
from kindergarten to grade six conducted
home water audits with the help of a
treasure hunt-style map. By following
directions on the map, the students found
water waste in the home, and determined if
low-flow showerheads or toilet-displacement
devices were needed. The students then
returned the Water Hunt audits to the
classroom.
Distribution System Water Audits,
Leak Detection and Repair
In 1994, CMWD participated in a County
Water Authority-sponsored Distribution
System Water Audit. After accounting for all
metered uses, authorized unmetered uses
and known losses, the resulting amount of
unaccounted-for water, expressed as a
percentage of supply, was found to be 2.74
percent. A large portion of this unaccounted•
for water is attributed to seepage and
evaporation from the lake at Maerkle Dam.
Information derived from the water audit
was used to determine the need for leak
detection and repair prdgrams. It was also
used to determine the accuracy of sales
meters on the treated water system, which
was found to be over 98 percent.
3.2.2 lmplt-1111·11tt1tim1 of CmhlTl'lltim,
BlHI',
In 1991, the Department of Water
Resources circulated a document outlining
Best Management Practices (BMPs). These.
BMPs are urban water conservation practices
intended to reduce long-term urban
demands. They are part of an overall state
water management planning program which
recognizes the need to provide reliable urban
water supplies and protect the environment.
CMWD has implemented a variety of
conservation measures designed to meet the
goals outlined in the BMPs. These measures,
along with the corresponding BMP, are as
follows:
1. Interior and exterior water audits and
incentive programs for singlefamily
residential, multifamily residential and
governmental/institutional customers.
CMWD has offered water audits to all
residential, commercial, industrial and
institutional customers since 1991. These
audits are free of charge and are currently
funded entirely by the District. CMWD
averages 300 audits per year. Audit
components include: reviewing water usage
history with the customer, checking for leaks
inside and outside, checking for low water
use plumbing devices, inspecting irrigation
systems, recommending improvements and
providing conservation literature.
2. Plumbing, new and retrofit.
A City ordinance was adopted in August,
1991 which requires ULFTs in new
construction and retrofits. State legislation
effective January 1, 1992 requires the
installation of efficient plumbing in new
IS
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
construction (1.6 gpf toilets; 2.5 gpm
showerheads; 1.0 gpf urinals; and 2.2 gpm
kitchen/bathroom faucets). State legislation
effective January 1, 1994 requires that only
ULFTs be sold in California. CMWD offers
free faucet aerators, water-saving
showerheads and toilet tank devices to all
customers.
3. Distribution system water audits, leak
detection and repair.
A system audit for CMWD was conducted
by an independent engineering firm in 1994.
Results showed that less than 3 percent of
the water in the potable system is
unaccounted for. A large portion of this is
attributed to seepage and evaporation from
the lake at Maerkle Dam. Audit results also
showed that our water meters measure the
amount of water used within the normally
accepted range of accuracy.
4. Metering with commodity rates for all
new connections and retrofitting
connections.
All of CMWD's services are metered.
5. Large landscape water audits and
incentives.
CMWD's Water Conservation Specialist has
been trained to conduct turf audits. In
acldition, the District has the equipment and
software to perform them in-house, and have
been doing so since 1991. Currently, large
turf audits ( > 2 acres) are conducted by the
Mission Resource Conservation District and
funded by the County Water Authority.
16
6. Landscape water conservation
requirements for new and existing
commercial, industrial, institutional,
governmental and multi1amily
developments.
The City of Carlsbad's landscape ordinance
sets forth water conserving landscape design
and irrigation techniques as requirements for
new developments.
7. Public information.
CMWD has an extensive public information
program, including: a quarterly newsletter
mailed to all customers, computerized
landscape advice, water awareness calendars,
a speakers bureau, bill inserts, information
on the water bill regarding previous usage, an
annual promotional event at the local mall,
information booths at Village Fairs, various
promotional campaigns, and membership in
NCW A, a consortium of 11 water agencies.
8. School education.
CMWD has education programs available
for all elementary grade levels, such as:
Water Wabbit (K-lst); annual poster contest
(4th); watershed awareness program (2nd &
5th); water quality education (high school);
Admiral Splash (4th}; and California Smith,
W.I. (6th).
9. Commercial and industrial water
conservation.
Water audits are offered free of charge to all
small and medium commercial and industrial
customers. Large customers are addressed
through a joint audit program with MWD.
I 0. New commercial and industrial water
use review.
This BMP involves the review of proposed
water uses for new commercial and industrial
water service before completion of a building
permit. CMWD has not yet implemented
this requirement.
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
11. Conservation pricing.
CMWD currently has a conservation rate of
$1.52 available to all customer classifications
based on water usage relative to meter size.
12. Landscape water conservation for new
and existing single1amily homes.
CMWD currently offers computerized
water-conserving landscape advice for
individual customers. In addition, residential
water audits provide valuable information on
outdoor water conservation. Literature on
this subject is also available.
13. Water waste prohibition.
In 1991, CMWD adopted the Carlsbad
Water Ethic which specifies responsible
water use and is designed to promote the
most reasonable, wise and efficient use of
water Carlsbad. Practices include:
♦ New landscaping shall incorporate
drought-tolerant plant materials and drip
irrigation systems, wherever possible.
• Water can never leave the user's property
due to over-irrigation of landscape.
♦ Watering must be done during the early
morning or evening hours to minimize
evaporation (between 4:00 p.m. and 9:00
a.m. the following morning).
♦ All leaks must be investigated and
repaired.
♦ Water cannot be used to clean paved
surfaces, such as sidewalks, driveways,
parking areas, etc., except to alleviate
immediate safety or sanitation hazards.
♦ Reclaimed or recycled water shall be used
wherever and whenever available.
We also have an ordinance for water
cutbacks that addresses water softeners,
cooling systems, car washes, commercial
laundries, and decorative fountains.
14. Water conservation coordinator.
CMWD has one full-time Water
Conservation Specialist and an analyst
devoting half-time to conservation
coordination.
15. Financial incentives.
Financial incentives from CMWD to
facilitate the implementation of conservation
programs include: public facility retrofits to
purchase and install water-saving plumbing
devices; irrigation assistance, to purchase
devices to improve the efficiency of irrigation
systems; and $75 ULF toilet vouchers, for
the replacement of older toilets.
16. Ultra-low flush toilets.
CMWD has offered rebates and vouchers
worth up to $75 for the replacement of older
toilets with 1.6 gpf ULF toilets. Several
thousand rebates have been issued to
Carlsbad customers since the program's
inception in 1990. The current program is
limited to vouchers only.
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Eflil'in,t UH' of W11tcr
Significant conservation effects can be
achieved by certain features of water rate
structures. CMWD's rate structure offers a
conservation rate of $1.52 per unit t all
customers based on water usage relative to
meter size ( see Chapter 5 for more details).
In conjunction with Metropolitan and the
County Water Authority, CMWD also offers
direct financial incentives to participants in
the following programs:
• Ultra-low-flush toilet vouchers ($75
each);
• Horizontal-axis clothes washer rebates
($100 each); and
17
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
• Public institutions plumbing retrofit
(amount varies by institution).
1.2..J. W,11,,,-Use Ht'1!1tlt1tio11 rl11·mw/1 < ~ ,..,
Cit)' Ortli111111cn
In 1991, the CMWD Board of Directors
adopted Ordinance No. 35 establishing a
water conservation program. This ordinance,
included as Appendix B, was established
based on the need to conserve water and to
avoid or minimize the effects of any future
shortages.
Ordinance No. 35 specifies six stages of
conservation, ranging from the Stage l
"reasonable use of water" to the Stage 6
mandatory 40 percent cutback. Customers
are notified of any stage beyond Stage l
through mass mailings, public
announcements and newspaper
advertisements. Further details of CMWD's
water conservation stages will be discussed in
the Water Shortage Contingency Plan in
Chapter 6.
Ordinance No. 35 also endorses the
Carlsbad Water Ethic, which was discussed
in Section 3.2.2.
3.2.5 Pul,/ic Uc/ati,m,, 11111{ Etl11catio11
Prt1,t..,11·1u11..,.
CMWD continues to develop and
implement public relations and education
programs that teach and encourage efficient
water use. Through these programs, CMWD
has adapted to both drought and non-
drought conditions by emphasizing the
benefits of water conservation during times
of emergency and times of normal water
availability. With the assistance of
Metropolitan and the County Water
Authority, CMWD is able to provide
innovative programs that show our
18
customers how to change their water
behavior without changing their lifestyle.
To get water conservation messages to
homes, schools and workplaces in the
community, CMWD pursues three main
programs:
l) Public information.
2) Education programs.
3) Community relations.
These components are designed to encourage
customers of all ages to integrate
conservation measures into their daily lives.
Public information campaigns and the
related education programs will continue to
be an important part of CMWD's water
management and conservation efforts.
Public Infonnation
Public information is an integral part of any
water conservation program. This aspect is
crucial to the success of any agency's ability
to realize actual water savings. One of the
key features of CMWD's public information
program is the literature distributed to
encourage water conservation as a way of life
in Carlsbad. Through these publications, the
District is better able to illustrate the
concepts and objectives of water
conservation.
To keep CMWD customers apprised of local
water activities, the District publishes a
quarterly newsletter, The Waterline. This
newsletter is included with the water bill and
discusses issues directly related to the
services provided by CMWD,
Literature is collected from a variety of
professional water organizations, including
MWD, CWA and the American Water
Works Association, These publications
address a myriad of issues, and many are
available in Spanish. Table 3-1 on page 19
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
TABLE 3-1
You can Make A Difference
Hard Facts About Soft Water
Save Water Now -Here's How
How To Have A Green Garden
How Safe Is Safe?
Water Talk
Conserve Water As A Rule
California Water Facts
Key: AWW A= American Weter Wortca Association
CMWD = Carlsbad Municipal Water Dlatrtct
i;WA = San Diego County Water Authority
EBMUD = East Bay Municipal Utility Dlatrtct
MWD = Metropolitan Water Dlatrtct
WEF=Water Education Foundation
MWD
CWA
CWA
MWD
MWD
CWA
AWWA
WEF
lists the publications available to CMWD
customers. Many of these publications have
been incorporated into the District's
education programs.
CMWD maintains a video library available
to customers and educators on a loan-basis.
Topics covered by these videos include San
Diego water history, waterwise gardening,
the hydrologic cycle and policy issues facing
California.
Education Programs
In conjunction with Metropolitan and the
County Water Authority, CMWD provides
school education programs for virtually all
grade levels. CMWD is able to provide
presentations, literature, videos and a water
quality testing kit to classrooms from
elementary through high school levels. In
addition, teacher in-services and seminars
are available through the County Water
Authority. Table 3-2 lists the educational
programs available through CMWD.
Community Relations
In addition to school programs, CMWD
strives to help the public understand the
importance of infrastructure projects and
water conservation through a community
relations program that includes a speakers
bureau, appearances at community events,
water bill stuffers and messages,
computerized landscape advice, various
promotional campaigns and an annual water
awareness event. A few of these programs are
discussed below.
Computerized Landscape Advice
CMWD offers customers computerized
landscape advice through the PlantMaster ni
program. This program is able to give
Elementary
TABLE 3-2
School Education Programs
Available Through CMWD
• Water Wabbit
• Admiral Splash
• California Smith, W.I.
• All About Water
• Where In the World Is Water?
• Watershed Awareness
• Geography of Water
• Water Awareness Poster Contest
• Mobile Science Van
• Traveling Water Library
t~riQ~
• t,t,tflg
• ieii;T~d
19
Conservation and Public Affairs Programs
customized advice by taking various
customer specifications on plant materials,
such as soil type, sun exposure, water needs,
bloom color, etc., and generating a list of
plants that match those needs. Customers
can then take the plant list to a nursery and
make their purchase.
Promotional Campaigns
20
CMWD is a member of North County
Water Agencies (NCWA), a consortium of
eleven water agencies in northern San Diego
County who have come together to promote
water conservation in the most efficient and
cost-effective way possible. As a member of
NCW A, the District has participated in
numerous promotional campaigns, including:
• Chill Out! Campaign, encouraging
customers to chill tap water before
drinking, eliminating the chlorine taste.
• Don't Let Your Water Conservation Efforts
Evaporate, a campaign slogan that has
become synonymous with NCW A
• Water Awareness Poster Calendar, an
annual calendar featuring the artwork of
the previous year's 4th grade poster
contest winners.
• Our Changing Water Needs, a traveling
display depicting the history of water in
San Diego County.
Water Awareness Event
Each May, NCWA holds a Water Awareness
Celebration at a local shopping mall. This
event combines educational skits and
children's shows with hands-on
demonstrations and literature to teach
customers of all ages about wise water use.
This event has been held annually since
1991, and has hosted over 1,000 area
customers each year.
Legislative/Liaison and Media
Activities
In addition to the program components
listed above, CMWD is able to benefit from
the legislative and media activities
implemented by Metropolitan and the
County Water Authority. These agencies
serve as our representatives regarding the
review and support of legislation, and act as
liaisons between state water agencies.
In addition, the mass media campaigns
coordinated by Metropolitan and the
County Water Authority directly benefit
CMWD by increasing customer awareness
about the need to conserve and the
importance of infrastructure improvements.
These are campaigns that may be cost-
prohibitive for CMWD and other smaller
water agencies to implement on their own.
Chapter
Existing Water Supply and
Management
4.1 EXISTING SOVU.CES OF WATEU.
SUPPLY
Carlsbad is located in a semi-arid coastal
desert environment averaging 9 .3 inches of
rain annually. Prolonged rain storms are
rare. The city is 100 percent reliant on
imported water from the San Diego County
Water Authority and the Metropolitan
Water District of Southern California.
4 .1. l Hi.-.torical Water Supplic.-.
Until 1960, CMWD's historical water
supply included groundwater, surface water,
and imported water. Groundwater was
obtained from wells in the San Luis Rey
River Basin, located in the City of
Oceanside, and wells located along Agua
Hedionda Creek in Carlsbad. Surface water
was obtained from Calavera Lake, an earthen
dam reservoir designed to capture and treat
surface runoff flowing into Calavera Creek.
Calavera Lake included a water treatment
plant and stored groundwater pumped from
wells in the San Luis Rey River basin during
the winter months. This groundwater was
used later during peak water demand
periods. Imported water was conveyed
through aqueducts from the Colorado River
by the Metropolitan Water District. At that
time, imported water was not processed
through a water treatment plant, but rather
screened and chlorinated prior to use.
•
Local groundwater and surface water
supplies were abandoned in the 1960s due
to poor water quality and the ability to
directly supply lower-cost imported water to
customers. Overall, groundwater quality
degraded to the point where the levels of
total dissolved solids (TDS) in the wells
exceeded 1500 mwL. The water treatment
plant that existed at Calavera Lake was
subsequently abandoned and dismantled.
CMWD began receiving imported water
deliveries in 1955 through existing aqueduct
connections located in the City of
Oceanside. A pipeline was constructed in
1956 by CMWD to convey imported water
directly to Carlsbad and unincorporated
areas. From 1962 to 1992, CMWD's water
demand was met exclusively by imported
water sources.
In 1991 , CMWD began delivering reclaimed
water to supplement its imported water
supply. Through agreements with two other
agencies, CMWD obtained 2.0 mgd of
reclaimed water from the Meadowlark Water
Reclamation Facility, and 0. 7 5 mgd from the
Gafner Water Reclamation Plant. These
plants are owned and operated by the
V allecitos Water District and the Leucadia
County Water District, respectively.
Since 1992, reclaimed water demand has
increased due to new land development
projects. These projects connect into a
reclaimed water system consisting of
21
Existing Water Supply and Management
Fiscal Year
1975-76
1980-81
1985-86
1990-91
1994-95
TABLE 4-1
Domestic
SJlln
6,997.3
8,770.0
11,176.8
14,450.1
13,257.0
Agricultural
Sales
3,967.8
4,614.8
2,500.0
2,000.0
1,435.5
• Delivery of rec/aimed water began In 1991
distribution pipelines, a 2 mgd pump station
and two reservoirs with a combined storage
capacity of 2.5 million gallons.
The historical demand for water since 1 9 7 5
compared to the sources of supply is shown
in Table 4-1.
4.1.2 Hi.\·to,-ical W11tc1· Dt·11111111l.-.
Peak water demand occurred in 1989 with a
record amount of nearly 18,000 acre feet
purchased. Since then, water conservation
practices and higher water rates have
resulted in a significant reduction in the
demand for water.
22
The necessity for reduced water
consumption by CMWD customers was the
result of a reduction in the available
imported water supply from the 1986 to
1993 drought. Although water was not
rationed, MWD placed financial penalties
on its member agencies if they exceeded
their water demand of FY 1988-89. MWD
enacted this penalty to discourage any
increases in the imported water demand.
To avoid paying the financial penalty,
CMWD adopted an increasing block rate
structure to discourage high water use. In
1993, this structure was changed to a flat
rate. In addition, water conservation
programs were expanded to discourage the
use of excessive amounts of water for
irrigation purposes during the drought.
While these conservation programs continue,
CMWD no longer discourages the use of
water for irrigation.
The inclining block rate structure combined
with water conservation programs resulted in
a 3,200 acre feet or 17 percent reduction in
the demand for water by FY 1994-95. It is
not anticipated that demand will be reduced
further by the existing customers.
4.1.3 1995 W11tc1· 1Jcmm11l
In 1995, CMWD purchased 14,708 acre feet
of imported water to meet its potable water
demand. The maximum day demand was
approximately 22 mgd, occurring in August.
That same year, CMWD purchased and sold
l ,041 acre feet of reclaimed water. The peak
demand for reclaimed water was 194 acre
feet (2 mgd) occurring in the month of
August. The total combined maximum day
demand for imported and reclaimed water
was 24 mgd.
4.2 TDS LEVELS IN CURRENT
SUPPLIES
The quality of imported water has been an
issue for the San Diego region since the
aqueduct connection to the Colorado River
Existing Water Supply and Management
in 194 7. Colorado River water has twice the
salt content (TDS) of groundwater sources
in MWD's service area.
The TDS level was reduced when water from
the State Water Project was first introduced
and blended with Colorado River water.
However, this water supply has some unique
quality problems with high levels of
bromides and organic humic substances
associated with salt water intrusion and
agricultural tail water.
These specific water quality problems post
serious concerns when addressing future
compliance with new and proposed
regulations associated with the 1986 Safe
Drinking Water Act. In spite of this, CW A's
primary source of imported water remains
the Colorado River.
...J.2.1 lmpt1rtc1I Water
Imported water is treated by MWD at the
Skinner Filtration Plant.in western Riverside
County prior to being delivered to CMWD .
This treatment plant was constructed in the
late 1970s and presently has a capacity of
600 mgd. The water is processed through
several treatment systems, as follows:
• The water is first stored at Lake
Skinner, an open reservoir, and serves as
a forebay for the filtration plant. To
protect water quality from potential
contamination, no body contact with
the water is permitted at Lake Skinner.
• The water is then coagulated and
flocculated prior to being delivered to
sedimentation tanks. Coagulants cause
very fine particles suspended in the
water to clump together into larger
particles during the flocculation process.
The sedimentation tanks remove
suspended solids that are heavier than
water and this process reduces the
loading to the filters.
• Finally, the water is passed through
filters to remove the remaining
suspended particles and is disinfected
using chloramines.
Water treatment analyses continuously show
that the water delivered to CMWD meets all
state and federal water quality standards.
CMWD's 1995 Water Quality Report is
included as Appendix C for reference.
The primary source of the imported water is
the Colorado River. However, State Project
water is blended at MWD's Lake Skinner
Filtration Plant. The amount of State Project
water blended with Colorado River water
varies throughout the year and also varies
year to year. Operational concerns by MWD
and the availability of State Project water
dictate the amount of blending that occurs.
Under the current strategy, CMWD receives
mainly Colorado River water containing
TDS levels of 530 to 700 mg!L. In
comparison, those agencies in MWD's
service area who receive only State Project
water have TDS levels of 200 to 400 mg!L in
their supply .
The level of TDS is important because it
impacts the cost of future reclamation
programs. The higher TDS levels in the
imported water, combined with an
incremental increase of approximately 250
mg!L discharged into the sewer system, can
require that desalination be implemented at
wastewater treatment plants to maintain the
levels below 1,000 mg!L.
Surveys indicate that CMWD's irrigation
customers do not want to purchase
reclaimed water having a level of TDS above
1000 mg!L. This level is also the maximum
23
Existing Water Supply and Management
-r
recommended in secondary drinking water
standards.
4.2.2 U.cclttimnl W11tcr Q1111li~J'
Reclaimed water is treated to meet State of
California Title 22 requirements for non-
restricted recreational impoundment. This
regulation states that their are no limitations
imposed on body-contact water sport
activities and that this water is suitable for
all uses except drinking.
The processes to reclaim water include
primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment
of wastewater. Primary treatment includes
grit removal screening. This process is
followed by biological contactors which allow
bacteria organisms to breakdown the sewage
and tum it into a sludge that is then
removed from the water in the secondary
clarifiers.
Following this process, the water is
coagulated, flocculated, filtered and
disinfected using chlorine prior to placement
in the distribution pipelines. The final water
quality achieved meets the State of
California standards for unrestricted use of
reclaimed water in irrigation applications.
The latest water quality reports submitted to
the Regional Water Quality Control Board,
San Diego Region, are attached in Appendix
D. In 1995, CMWD used reclaimed water to
irrigate two golf courses and the landscaping
in median parkways, school grounds,
shopping centers, and a small area along the
Interstate 5.
4.3 WA TEU. SUPPLY MANAGEMENT
As a result of the 1986 to 1993 drought, the
reliability of the imported water supply was a
major co ncern to CMWD. Even though the
drought ended in the winter of 1993, MWD,
24
CWA, and CMWD have taken a proactive
approach to the reduced reliability of the
imported water supply.
MWD has developed an Integrated
Resources Plan (IRP) which commits it to
supply no less than 90 percent of the
imported water demands in normal years,
and no less than 80 percent of the imported
water demands during drought conditions.
However, these levels of supply are
predicated on certain projects, policies, and
agreements being secured by MWD.
A major concern to CMWD was the fact
that MWD could no longer guarantee 100
percent water reliability. For this reason,
CMWD began developing a reclaimed water
system based on a master plan adopted in
1 991 . The initial system, referred to as
Phase I, was implemented and can currently
supply 2. 7 5 mgd of tertiary treated
reclaimed water. Although this does not
drought-proof the CMWD service area, it
does provide greater water reliability.
CMWD is investigating other alternative
water resources to supplement the imported
water supply. These resources include sea
water and brackish groundwater
desalination, storm water recovery, aquifer
storage and recovery, reclamation, and water
transfers. The investigations on these
programs will culminate in a feasibility
report scheduled for completion in 1997.
After these projects are rated as to their
feasibility and ability to be implemented, a
decision will be made on which projects to
pursue. Implementation of any of these
alternatives will occur over the next five
years.
As of 1996, CMWD's available water
supplies include imported water and
reclaimed water as discussed previously . To
protect water quality from potential
Existing Water Supply and Management
contamination and reduce evaporation
losses, CMWD is constructing
improvements to its 200 million gallon
earthen reservoir. Improvements include the
installation of a floating polyethylene cover
and asphalt liner.
Improvements are also being made to the
Phase I reclaimed water system with the
construction of distribution pipelines within
new land development projects. CalTrans is
also constructing five miles of pipeline in the
Interstate 5 freeway within the Carlsbad city
limits to change its irrigation supply from
potable to reclaimed water.
4A 'f RANSFE/l.S ANIJ EXCHANGES
During emergencies, CMWD has access to
interties with four neighboring water
retailing agencies: the City of Oceanside, the
Olivenhain Municipal Water District, the
San Dieguito Water District, and the
V allecitos Water District. These interties are
for transferring limited amounts of water
between agencies during emergencies and
short-term planned or unanticipated water
system outages.
CMWD does not have long-term agreements
with adjacent agencies to supply water
through interconnections. These agencies
have insufficient local water supplies to
satisfy more than a fraction of each agency's
current demands, much less provide a long-
term additional supply to CMWD. However,
CMWD is in preliminary discussions with
the Vista Irrigation District to transfer water
in from their local surface water supply. In
addition, future exchanges could occur with
the City of Oceanside to utilize water rights
available to CMWD in the San Luis Rey
River Basin.
4.5 COMPAU.ISON OF EXISTING
WA 'fEll. SUPPLIES WITH
l'IU)JECTED DEMAND
The District's potable water supply is
exclusively imported water via aqueducts
from MWD and CW A. Potable water
demand in the CMWD service area has been
projected to have a maximum day demand of
42.42 mgd occurring in the year of 2015. An
additional 20 mgd of potable water will be
required if the reclaimed water supply is not
constructed to meet irrigation demands.
Total water demand in the CMWD service
area, including potable and reclaimed water,
is projected to be 62.42 mgd.
There are four existing CMWD connections
to the imported water aqueducts. These
connections have the following rated
capacity:
CMWDNo. l
CMWDNo.2
CMWDNo.3
CMWDNo.4
Total
40 cfs*
10 cfs
20 cfs
20 cfs
90 cfs (58.17 mgd)
* cfs = cubic feet per second
The imported water connections are
sufficient to supply the ultimate maximum
day demand of 42.42 mgd, assuming a 20
mgd reclaimed water system is developed.
However, if the reclaimed water system is
not expanded above the current Phase I
system, or other alternative supplies are not
developed, then a shortfall would occur in
supplying the total maximum day demand of
62.42 mgd.
25
Existing Water Supply and Management
-1.6 FVTVR.E U.ELIAIHL/'fY AND
VVNEU.AIHL/'TY
The ultimate CMWD water delivery system
will be capable of meeting the maximum day
water demand with the construction of
several planned improvements, including
transmission mains and storage reservoirs.
This system is considered reliable since ten
days of emergency water supply will be
available to CMWD because of its 200
million gallon Maerkle Reservoir. This
emergency supply assumes that all reservoirs
are full, which is not necessarily the case on
a day-to-day basis.
The water system is also considered reliable
since it is gravity-flow, resulting from the
imported water aqueducts having a higher
hydraulic grade line elevation than the
CMWD service area. This results in high
water pressure being made available to
CMWD. Therefore, the system is not
dependent on pump stations, which are
subject to power outages. It should also be
noted that the elevation of the Skinner
Filtration plant is high enough to result in a
gravity-flow system in the imported water
aqueducts.
The weak.est area in terms of reliability
occurs in the imported water sources. Two
issues are of particular concern.-
First, MWD's imported water aqueducts
cross several major earthquake fault lines.
Consequently, these aqueducts could be
severely damaged during a major earthquake.
This situation also exists between the
Skinner Filtration Plant and CMWD.
Second, MWD's allocation of State Project
water has been reduced from 2.1 million acre
feet to less that 700,000 acre feet per year.
Environmental constraints can reduce this
even further. Similarly, MWD is being
26
required to reduce its demand on the
Colorado River to its allocated limit. Even
the Los Angeles Aqueduct's allowable flows
from the Owen's Valley have been reduced.
Consequently, the existing dependable
supply of imported water to Southern
California has been reduced from 4.2 MAF
to 2. 7 MAF since 1984.
MWD, CWA and CMWD are undertaking
studies and making preparations to develop
projects to meet their service area needs for
the next 20 years. These projects include the
following:
Emergency Water Storage Proiect
(CWA)
The Emergency Water Storage Project is
designed to supply water over a 6-month
period in the event of a rupture of the
imported water aqueducts. CMWD could
use water from the storage reservoir should
an earthquake damage the aqueducts feeding
treated water from the Skinner Filtration
Plant. An environmental impact statement
has been prepared for the 90,000 acre-foot
storage reservoir project. Design of the
reservoir is scheduled to begin in 1997.
East Side Reservoir (MWD)
The East Side Reservoir, now under
construction, will be MWD's largest
reservoir with a capacity of 800,000 acre
feet. This reservoir will be in service in the
year 2000 and is located where it will be able
to supply water to the entire MWD service
area. It is also directly up stream of the
Skinner Filtration Plant, which supplies
treated water to CMWD.
Imperial Irrigation District/CWA
Water Transfer
Negotiations are under way by the County
Water Authority to purchase excess water
entitlement rights that the Imperial
Existing Water Supply and Management
Irrigation District (IID) may have available
in the Colorado River. The entitlements may
be up to 400,000 acre feet per year based on
conservation practices implemented by IID.
This agreement, combined with their other
water supply sources, will assist in meeting
the water supply needs of CW A .
Reclaimed Water, Alternative Water
Sources and Water Transfers (CMWD)
CMWD is committed to further expansion
of the existing reclaimed water system to
support a maximum day demand of 20 mgd.
In addition, planning is underway to develop
alternative water supplies for an additional
3.2 mgd from several available local sources.
These sources include sea water and brackish
groundwater desalination and storm water
recovery.
Water transfers with adjacent agencies are
also potential sources of water. This could
include sharing in a water treatment plant
proposed by Olivenhain Municipal Water
District, to be located adjacent to the
Emergency Storage Reservoir planned by
CWA
The initial planning document for CMWD' s
alternative water supplies is scheduled to be
completed in 1997.
27
28
Chapter
Water Pricing and Rate Structures
CMWD's pricing structure is designed to
achieve seven objectives:
1) Revenue sufficiency. Water rates should
be set at a level adequate to meet
operating and capital costs, and to
build and maintain reasonable reserves.
2) Equitability. Rates should be set so
that users pay in direct proportion to
the costs of the services they receive.
3) Encourage conservation. The rate
structure should encourage
conservation without penalizing
normal usage.
4) Growth pays fair share. New users
should pay their fair share of costs so
that existing users are not burdened
with providing capacity for new users.
5) Simplicity. Rates should be simple so
that customers can understand them,
and staff can implement, administer
and bill efficiently.
6) Flexibility. Rates should be flexible
enough to accommodate changes in the
regional water situation, such as
fluctuations in supply and demand.
7) Reclaimed water subsidy. Since the use
of reclaimed water is beneficial to all
water users, rates may be set so that
potable users subsidize the reclaimed
system.
5.1 CJWWV FINANCIAL
STUVCTVU.E
Legal Basis
CMWD was formed in 1952. The District's
financial structure is determined by state
legislation which enables enterprise districts
to provide services within a limited area and
collect fees for these services. In 1990,
CMWD became a subsidiary district of the
City of Carlsbad, but maintained its ability
to establish water rates and impose
availability charges.
Sources of Revenue
The District's primary source of revenue is
derived from the sale of water. Currently,
this source accounts for almost 78 percent of
revenue generated. Other sources include
delivery charges, connection fees, major
facility charges and property taxes.
5.1 W,itcr U.11tc Structure
As stated earlier, CMWD's rate structure is
designed to meet seven objectives: revenue
sufficiency, equitability, conservation
encouragement, growth's payment of their
fair share, simplicity, flexibility, and
reclaimed water subsidization. The following
section will describe the District's current
water rate structure.
Water Rates
CMWD currently charges $1. 70 per unit
( 100 cubic feet) of potable water for all
29
Water Pricing and Rate Structures
FIGURE 5-1
CMWD Potable Water Rate Historical Trends
$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
1958 1977 1980 1983
customer classifications. A conservation rate
of $1.52 is available to all customers based
on their water usage relative to their meter
size ( see page 31 ) . Figure 5-1 shows the
historical trend of potable water rates in the
CMWD service area.
1987
Through the Metropolitan Water District,
CMWD adopted the Interim Agricultural
Water Program. This program gives
agricultural customers an opportunity to
receive a water rate of $1.39 per unit. In
exchange for the discount, these customers
agree that during times of drought, their
water deliveries will be reduced by 30
percent from their base year usage ( 1989-90)
before mandatory restrictions are placed on
other customers. If the drought is more
severe, their deliveries may be cut by as
30
much as 90 percent.
In addition to potable water, CMWD
currently serves reclaimed water to forty-two
customers. The rate for reclaimed water is
$1. 62 per unit, which represents a 5 percent
discount from the potable rate.
1991 1992 1993 1997
Other Water Service Cha-rges
A monthly delivery charge is assessed to
cover the costs of having water available and
ready for use. These charges vary by meter
size, and range in price from $9 .25 for a 5/8-
inch meter to $404.50 for an 8-inch meter.
A one-time connection fee is also based on
meter size and ranges from $2,400 for a 5/8-
inch meter to $115,200 for an 8-inch meter.
Impact of Rate Structure on Water Use
MWD has undertaken a major research
effort to determine the impact of retail prices
on water conservation. Preliminary results
indicate that from 1980 to 1992, single-
family residential customers in Southern
California decreased their water use, on
average, by 0.185 percent for each 1.0
percent increase in the marginal price of
water (taking into account inflation). An
average reduction of 0.157 percent per 1.0
percent increase in price was found in all
other types of residential housing. Businesses
showed the lowest response of 0.106 percent
reduction for 1.0 percent increase in price.
Water Pricing and Rate Structures
Current Price and Rate Structure
CMWD conducted a rate study in 1995 to
incorporate the objectives discussed at the
beginning of this chapter. The following
issues represent changes from the previous
rate structure:
Connection Fees:
Connections fees are now based on meter
size rather than "equivalent dwelling unit".
A new connection fee was also established
for reclaimed water users.
Delivery Charges:
Delivery charges were revised to more
accurately reflect the impact on the system
as meter size increases. In addition, the "per
dwelling unit" charge for multi-family
customers was eliminated.
Commodity Rates:
The potable commodity rate remained
constant at $1 . 70 per unit, while reclaimed
water was discounted 5 percent over potable
rates to $1.62 per unit.
Conservation Rate:
The conservation rate of $1.52 now applies
to all customer classifications based on water
usage relative to meter size, as follows:
Maximum
Meter Size Monthly Usage
5/8" ................................ 7 units
3/4" ................................ 10 units
l " ................................... 16 units
1-1/2" ............................ 30 units
2" ................................... 45 units
3" ................................... 79 units
4" ................................... 123 units
6" ................................... 228 units
8" ................................... 336 units
The previous rate structure applied the
conservation rate to single-family customers
only.
31
32
Drought and Emergency Management
6.1 U.ESl'ONSE ·ro PU.IOU.
IJJU)UGHT ANIJ o ·THEU.
EMEU.GENCIES
The effective management of water supply
shortages is an important responsibility of
water agencies in Southern California.
Shortages may be caused by droughts,
failures of major water transmission facilities
during earthquakes, an acute contamination
of supplies due to chemical spills, or other
adverse conditions.
The need for an effective management
program to mitigate water supply shortages
arises from CMWD's experiences during the
recent drought. The current approach to
managing water shortages has evolved from
these drought experiences. The following
section describes CMWD's drought response
measures during the shortage.
6.1.I CMWIJ U.c.-.pon.-.e to 1986-1993
Dnmgl,t
In response to the severity of the drought,
MWD adopted the Incremental Interruption
and Conservation Plan (IICP) in 1990 and
assigned each public water agency monthly
conservation targets. These targets ranged
from voluntary reductions in Stage I of the
IICP to a mandatory 60 percent reduction in
Stage VI.
The District realized that an aggressive,
action-oriented strategy was needed to meet
Metropolitan' s reduction targets and to
assure positive response and cooperation
from District customers. In order to assist
customers in their efforts to reduce water
usage, CMWD adopted a Drought Response
Plan (DRP) in 1991.
This comprehensive DRP included a variety
of water-saving programs and emphasized a
widespread public information and
education campaign. These programs were
targeted to every sector in the District's
customer base.
The DRP contained four primary elements:
1) public information;
2) development of a "water ethic";
3) implementation of conservation
programs; and
4) development of a rate structure
designed to encourage conservation.
Public Information and Education
Programs
Coordination with neighboring water
agencies. The City of Carlsbad is served by
three separate water agencies: CMWD, the
Olivenhain Municipal Water District and
the V allecitos Water District. An objective of
the DRP was to create a program that
avoided possible confusion from the public's
perspective. Therefore, a concerted effort
was made to unify programs of the three
agencies whenever possible.
Monthly conservation reports. In order to
inform District customers on the progress of
33
ffi Drought and Emergency Management
their conservation efforts, monthly
consumption reports were developed and
published in local newspapers and on water
bills.
Public service announcements. Local
television, radio and newspapers were used
for disseminating up-to-date water
information.
Billing format. The water bill format was
redesigned to include information on the
customer's previous year's water usage
during the same billing period, an
itemization of charges, and an enlarged
message area.
Mass mailing. A newsletter was developed
and distributed to all customers to inform
them of a wide variety of District
conservation programs, as well as detailed
information on new rates structures. Special
mailings were sent to specific groups
informing them of unique programs to assist
with their conservation efforts.
Communiry relations programs. A speakers
bureau was established to address
community groups such as homeowners
associations, garden clubs, schools and scout
groups.
Carlsbad Water Ethic
In 1991, the CMWD Board of Directors
adopted the Carlsbad Water Ethic. This
Ethic specifies responsible water use and is
designed to promote the most reasonable,
wise and efficient use of water. It is intended
that these practices are followed at all times,
and adopted as a way of life. The Water
Ethic is discussed further in Chapter 3.
34
Conservation Programs
Water audits. In addition to the traditional
residential water audit, District staff was
available to assist all users in the
development of water-saving procedures.
This included commercial, institutional,
industrial and governmental customers.
Showerhead retrofit. The District's low-flow
showerhead retrofit program was expanded
to hotels, motels and other commercial users
so that greater water savings could be
achieved.
Large tu,f irrigation audits. Water
management audits were expanded to
include homeowners associations, schools,
and landscape management companies.
Toilet rebate program. In 1990, CMWD
established an independent toilet rebate
program in which customers received $100
rebates for replacing their old plumbing
fixtures with ULFTs. This program ran until
CMWD joined with the County Water
Authority's ULFT program in 1991.
Xeriscape promotion. The City's Parks and
Recreation Department, with assistance from
CMWD, completed a landscape manual in
which xeriscape principles were mandated
for all new development.
Rate Structure
The goal of the rate structure developed to
meet IICP conservation goals was three-fold:
• achieve water conservation through
pricing;
• establish equitable water rates; and
• generate sufficient revenue to fund any
penalties assessed from the IICP by
Metropolitan.
In order to encourage water conservation
during the drought, an inclining block rate
was established in 1991, as follows:
1-7 units (single-family only) .... $0. 90/unit
Up to allocation* .................. $1.15/unit
Drought and Emergency Management ffi
1-20% over allocation* ......... $1.43/unit
> 20% over allocation* ......... $1. 7 3/unit
• Allocation was based on a percentage of conservation
required from the base year usage.
This inclining block rate was in effect until
October, 1992.
6.1.2 U.C."iJUlll."iC to 'f't'IIIJUll"tllJ' Wt1tl'I"
Slwrt11gc ;,, /11mw1J' 1995
Each year, MWD performs maintenance on
its water delivery system and shuts down the
corresponding aqueduct servicing several of
its member agencies. Typically, the County
Water Authority also uses this time to
perform routine maintenance. In 199 5, this
shutdown was scheduled to occur from
January 30 through February 8.
CMWD receives 100 percent of its water via
the treated water aqueducts that were to be
shutdown. As a result, the District's Board of
Directors declared a Temporary Water
Shortage effective two days prior to the
actual shutdown, lasting until the re-
establishment of water service through the
aqueduct.
In the past, CMWD customers were not
affected by aqueduct shutdowns because of
the District's ability to use water stored in
Maerkle Reservoir. However, this reservoir
was scheduled for lining and covering as
required by state and federal standards.
Therefore, water in the reservoir was
unavailable for use.
Without the use of this reservoir, Carlsbad
has a storage capacity of 45 .5 million
gallons. On an annual average, Carlsbad
delivers 12.9 million gallons of water to its
customers daily. During the winter months,
water consumption decreases to about 11.5
million gallons per day, including both
interior and exterior usage.
The shutdown was scheduled for ten days
and could have potentially been extended by
the need for additional maintenance or
weather delays. It was critical that a
Temporary Water Supply Shortage be
declared and customers asked to minimize
indoor water use during this time.
In preparation for the shutdown, all water
storage facilities in Carlsbad were filled to
capacity. Water availability from a
neighboring water agency was also secured.
However, the key to getting through the
shutdown successfully was reducing water
use for the 10-day period.
Customer Restrictions
In accordance with CMWD's Water
Conservation Ordinance adopted in 1991,
the following water use restrictions were in
effect during the temporary shortage:
• No outdoor watering or vehicle
washing.
• No refilling of pools, spas and
fountains.
• Temporary discontinuance of all
agricultural irrigation.
• Serving of water only on request at
restaurants.
• Recommended limited indoor water
usage.
District staff patrolled the service area to
monitor water usage and enforce the
restrictions mentioned above. Customers not
complying with the restrictions were subject
to the following:
1) First violation: verbal notice.
2) Second violation: personal written
notice.
35
ffi Drought and Emergency Management
'
3) Third violation: installation of a flow
restricting device for a period of at
least 48 hours and imposition of any
costs associated with installation of
the device ..
Customer Notification
District staff notified customers of the
temporary shortage using four means:
Mass mailing. A postcard was mailed to all
District customers one week prior to the
shutdown, explaining why the shortage was
occurring, the various water use restrictions,
and who to call for further information.
In addition to postcards, special notices were
mailed to all irrigation customers and the •
top water users in the service area, asking for
their cooperation.
Newspaper ads. A newspaper advertisement
was placed in the local newspapers on three
consecutive days prior to the shutdown,
covering the same information as the
postcard.
Cable television announcement. A notice
about the shutdown ran on the community
access calendar on the local cable television
station during the entire shutdown period.
Press releases. Press releases were distributed
to all local newspapers explaining the
conditions of the shutdown and the resulting
water use restrictions. A press conference
and facility tour were also held for members
of the press.
6.2 WATl~'R SHORTAGE
CONTINGENCY PLAN
In February, 1992, the CMWD Board of
Directors adopted the Water Shortage
36
Contingency Plan in accordance with State
law. CMWD refers to this plan as an
operational guideline in the event of a severe
water shortage.
As a member agency, CMWD is included as
part of the San Diego County Water
Authority's Urban Water Shortage
Contingency Plan. The District is completely
reliant upon CW A for its water, since we
have no local sources. Therefore, CMWD is
directly affected by CWA's plan. For this
reason, much of this Water Shortage
Contingency Plan will reference the CW A
plan, and its regional procedures and policies
regarding supply and emergencies.
6.2. l l'a.'it, Prc.-.·cut J\111/ l'rojatctl
Water V.'ic
Water use in CMWD's service area is related
to a number of climatic, demographic and
economic factors. Increases in population
and regional economic growth, while slow in
recent years, have influenced water use in
the past and will continue to do so in the
future. This subject is discussed in detail in
Chapter 2.
As a member agency, CMWD is bound by
CWA's worst case or "dry-year" supply
scenario, as depicted in Table 6-1 . For
comparison purposes, Table 6-2 shows
normal year demand and supplies. If a severe
shortage were to occur, CMWD would
receive direction from CW A as to its
allocation, based on population and past
consumption.
Drought and Emergency Management ffi
TABLE 6-1
The worst case scenario assumes a 31
percent reduction in imported water supplies
from the Metropolitan Water District, a
level of shortage that occurred in 1991-92.
This scenario also assumes that a certain
amount of carryover storage will be available
from both CWA and MWD, and that water
transfers would be available in amounts
larger than previously used. Reclaimed
supplies were reduced to account for lower
wastewater flows during a water shortage.
The resulting 2010 water shortage, or
conservation requirement, is 12 percent.
6.2.3 St11gc.-. qf Action
The CMWD Board of Directors adopted
Ordinance No. 35 in March, 1991 to
address the drought situation that was then
30,000
25,000
46,000
facing Southern California. This ordinance
outlined six stages of water alerts that
describe different required conservation
savings. These conservation efforts ranged
from voluntary compliance with reasonable
conservation efforts in Stage 1 to a
mandatory 40 percent reduction in Stage 6.
The text of Ordinance No. 35 is included in
Appendix B.
Drought response stage actions become
effective when CWA declares that it is
unable to provide sufficient water supplies to
meet the ordinary demands and
requirements of its member agencies without
depleting available water supplies, to the
extent that insufficient water would be
available for human consumption, sanitation
and fire protection. When the Water
Authority announces its stage declaration,
TABLE 6-2
,000 833,000 902,000
(37,000) (52,000) (70,000)
590,000 718,000 781,000 832,000
(115,000) (60,000) (60,000) (60,000)
(11,000) (18,000) (36,000) (50,000)
(5,000) (10,000) (15,000)
0 0 20,000)
37
ffi Drought and Emergency Management
CMWD concurrently would declare its
corresponding stage.
Another situation that would trigger the
response stages outlined in Ordinance No.
35 is a water shortage due to pipeline breaks
or repairs.
6.2..J. JHm11lt1tmJ, Pm/1il1itim1.'-011
Wt1tcr u.,.e
In addition to the conservation levels listed
in Ordinance No. 35 , the District developed
and adopted the Carlsbad Water Ethic on
March 5, 1991. The Ethic is designed to
promote responsible and efficient use of
water. The practices specified in the
Carlsbad Water Ethic are discussed in
Chapter 6.
6.2.5 Cm1 ... 11mptio11 Limit ...
During a water shortage, allocations for the
District are established by the County Water
Authority, based on the Incremental
Interruption and Conservation Plan (IICP)
established by MWD. The IICP includes
several stages of delivery reductions CW A
determined largely by the availability of
imported supplies from the State Water
Project and local supplies from MWD' s
member agencies. The IICP featured
financial penalties for agencies that failed to
reduce deliveries to the appropriate level.
Using the IICP allocations as a basis,
CMWD requires all customer classifications
to reduce their water consumption in
accordance with the stages listed in
Ordinance No. 35.
6.2.6 Penalties For Excessive Use
The District is assessed a financial surcharge
for exceeding the allocations set by the
38
County Water Authority. Additionally,
Ordinance No. 35 stipulates penalties
assessed to customers who exceed the targets
indicated in each stage. A flow restrictor may
be placed on a customer's service if the
target is exceeded for"three consecutive
months.
6.2.7 l?.c11c1111c 111111 Expc1111itm·c
lmpt1ch
Prior to the implementation of the District's
new rate structure in July, 1996, CMWD
derived 83 percent of its revenue from
commodity charges. This heavy reliance on
variable revenue left the District vulnerable
to fluctuations in water sales. The new rate
structure lessened our reliance on variable
charges and shifted revenues to fixed sources
such as the monthly delivery charge.
In the event that revenues are less than
required to meet the District's financial
obligations, a reserve fund has been
established. Prudent fiscal management
requires that reserve funds be established
and maintained at adequate levels to provide
short term capital in case of emergencies.
The District's operating reserves represent
approximately 40 percent of annual
operating expenses. This balance is necessary
because of our dependence on CW A and
MWD for our water supply. •
In the event of a water emergency,
Ordinance No. 35 would be activated to
respond to the level of shortage. At that
time, drought response stage actions would
go into effect and the District would be
operating with reduced water sales. The
amount of decreased revenue would depend
upon the response stage under which the
District would operate.
Drought and Emergency Management
6.2.8 Implement11tim1
Ordinance No. 35 is currently in force to
respond to the necessary level of shortage. As
conditions change, the ordinance is designed
to allow the District to declare different
stages corresponding to the CW A's
declarations.
6.2. 9 W11ter v~·e !Wm1itori11g
Proced111·e.-.
Water use monitoring procedures are
discussed in Section 6 of Ordinance No. 35,
which requires the District to monitor the
projected supply and demand for water on a
daily basis.
r.,
39
40
Chapter
Evaluation of Alternatives
7.1 l'(J'TENTIAL WATEU SUPPLY
SOVUCES
CMWD's primary source of water is
imported water from MWD via CW A. The
current policies adopted by MWD and CW A
state that they will supply 80 percent of
imported water requirements in the worst
case scenario. This position is based on the
assumption that MWD receives a specific
amount of water from the State Water
Project and the Colorado River. It also
assumes that major reclamation and water
conservation goals are met within its service
area by its member agencies to make up any
shortfall in the imported supplies. Sea water
desalination is not included in their mix of
water supply options at this time.
Potential local resources for CMWD include
sea water and groundwater desalination,
water transfers, reclamation, and storm
water recovery.
'7.2 Ev11l1111tion Crite,-iti
The evaluation criteria to be used in
determining which water supplies and
conservation programs to pursue include the
following four items:
Ability to Implement. The project or policy
must be able to be implemented within a
reasonable amount of time, and be
technologically feasible for CMWD.
Acceptance. The community must be willing
to accept the project, the water supply, or
conservation program for it to be successful.
Environmental Impact. The project or
conservation program should not have an
impact that cannot be mitigated.
Water Rate Impact. The cost of the project
or conservation program should be
acceptable within the rate payers' ability to
accept any change in the water rate. Most
projects have a financial impact that will be
paid through the water rates unless grant
funds are obtained from State and Federal
agencies.
7.3 COMl'AUISON OF WATEU
SUPPLY AL'TEUNATIVES
At the present time, a detailed cost
breakdown of each alternative water source
is unknown. In 1997, CMWD will complete
a report that updates the water, sewer and
reclaimed water master plans. This report
will also include a preliminary analysis of
alternative local water supplies that could
produce 3.2 mgd. The following is a
discussion of the alternatives being
considered.
7.3.l Semw,ter Destrli1111tion
CMWD is directly adjacent to the Pacific
Ocean, which makes it an ideal location for a
desalination project. Two sites are
potentially available for a sea water
41
Evaluation of Alternatives
desalination plant. The first is a 35-acre
parcel south of the Encina Water Pollution
Control Facility. The second site is the
Encina Power Plant owned by San Diego
Gas & Electric.
Existing technology for desalination includes
reverse osmosis, or a heat transfer process
similar to multistage flash. At a production
rate of 3.2 mgd, the brine produced could be
discharged into the ocean outfall used by the
Encina Water Pollution Control Facility.
Technically, the project could be
implemented within the next five years. The
water produced would be acceptable for
potable use in the water supply.
Environmental impacts could be mitigated
based on plants already approved in
California, such Santa Barbara, Santa
Catalina, Morro Bay and Cambria. Studies
at other locations indicate the cost could be
high compared to imported water.
In comparison, it is estimated that it costs
Santa Barbara $2,000 per acre foot to
operate their reverse osmosis plant. This cost
is compared to $450 per acre foot for
CMWD to purchase imported water.
CMWD and MWD are presently
investigating newer technologies that may
reduce this cost to $750 per acre foot.
Results of these investigations are expected
by 1999.
42
7.3.2 Bnickisl, Grormdwate,·
Des11li1uitio11
Only one groundwater basin within the
District has a TDS level below 1,000 mg!L.
However, the safe yield in this basin is
estimated to be less than 100 gpm.
The next lowest water quality groundwater
basin fo r TDS ranges from 1,500 to 2,000
mg!L. This is the San Luis Rey Basin located
along the San Luis Rey River in the City of
Oceanside, in which CMWD has
entitlement to 500 acre feet per year. The
City of Oceanside is presently operating a 5
mgd desalination plant in this basin. Their
cost for this water with rebates from MWD
is approximately $500 per acre foot, making
this water supply very competitive with
imported water.
For CMWD, once the water is pumped and
desalinated, it would still need to be
conveyed over ten miles for direct use in the
District's service area. The cost of
constructing the conveyance pipeline and
pumps plus the O&M cost would need to be
added to the cost of the treated water.
The remaining basins within the District
have a TDS level greater than 5,000 mg,'L.
Use of this water requires new wells
pumping to a desalination plant. The brine
produced could be discharged to an existing
ocean outfall.
The technology is readily available to
desalinate brackish groundwater and deliver
acceptable quality water to our customers.
The project's feasibility is evidenced by the
reverse osmosis plant operated by the City of
Oceanside. In addition, any environmental
impacts could be mitigated. However, the
cost for this water could be high.
7.3.3 W11ter Tnmsfers
CMWD has the potential to receive local
water supplies from two agencies: the City of
Oceanside and the Vista Irrigation District
(VID). Preliminary discussions have taken
place with these agencies.
A transfer could occur with the City of
Oceanside by wheeling water from the San
Luis Rey groundwater basin through
Oceanside's existing pipeline system to
Evaluation of Alternatives
CMWD's service area. This project is
technically feasible assuming CMWD shares
in the cost of expanding Oceanside's
desalination plant or in expanding their local
water treatment plant. The environmental
impacts should be minor considering the use
of existing treatment facilities and pipelines.
The cost for this water would need to be
negotiated.
YID has rights to surface water and
groundwater at Lake Henshaw. They have
the ability to convey this water through their
water system to CMWD's boundary.
Therefore, VID is in need of a storage
reservoir. One proposal states that in lieu of
constructing a new reservoir, VID could
share in the capacity of CMWD' s existing
Santa Fe II reservoir in exchange for a
portion of their local supply. Although the
cost for this water would need to be
negotiated and verified in terms of its
reliability and quantity, the overall cost may
be close to the imported water rate.
7.3.4 Recl1111111tio11
CMWD has completed Phase I of a five-
phase reclaimed water master plan which
supplies 2.75 mgd. At build-out in the year
2015, the irrigation demand for reclaimed
water is estimated at 10 mgd average day
flow and a maximum day demand of 20
mgd.
The Phase II system is envisioned to supply
an additional 5 mgd . Previous master plans
indicated the Phase II project will cost $20
million to cl,30 million, depending on the
treatment required, the location of the
treatment plant, and the transmission main
system selected. While the pro ject is
technologically feasible, an investigation is
required to determine the resulting cost for
reclaimed water customers. These
investigations are to be completed in 1997.
Phase II is expected to be implemented
within the next five years
7.3.5 Stm-,11,witer Recove,y •
Storm flows during the winter months occur
at very high rates, often up to 15,000 cfs in
some locations. Storm flows vary in water
quality, depending on their location and
whether its the first storm of the year or
toward the end of the season. Water quality
is also influenced by non-source point
pollution.
Stormwater flows can be captured and stored
for later use in the reclamation system.
These flows can also be placed in
groundwater aquifers by injection wells and
then extracted during peak water demand
periods. Certain ground water basins could
be improved through this injection process.
This program has been successfully
implemented in the State of Florida and is
considered technically feasible.
An analysis must be done on the ability to
store water at Calavera Lake or through the
construction of a new large scale reservoir on
San Marcos Creek. Investigations are also
needed on the groundwater basins to
determine the amount of water that could be
injected into the ground for storage.
Preliminary information will be presented in
a report scheduled for completion in 1997.
7.3. 6 Co11sen,11tio11 P1·0!,_11·,m,.-.
As shown in Chapter 3, the District has
taken an aggressive approach to promoting
water conservation to provide permanent
water savings without affecting lifestyles or
the economy. In conjunction with CWA and
MWD, the District will continue to
implement water-efficient programs.
43
Evaluation of Alternatives
Conservation is viewed in a similar light as
local water development because each unit of
water conserved frees up a unit for other
uses. Conservation has also proven to be
very cost-effective and, like local water
projects, reduces the costs of purchasing,
transporting and storing imported water.
One of the consequences of implementing
new conservation programs is a concept
known as demand hardening, which is the
diminished ability or willingness of
customers to reduce demand during a
shortage. This occurs because every
incremental addition to conservation causes
total water use to approach a minimum
limit, the point at which demand is truly
essential and cannot be further reduced
without causing health or economic harm.
The significance of this is that during future
water shortages, the room for conserving
non-essential water supplies will be minimal.
44
Appendixes
APPENDIXA
CALIFORNIA URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACT
CALIFORNIA WATER CODE DMSION 6
PART 2.6 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DECLARATION AND POLICY
10610. This part shall be know and may be cited as the "Urban Water Management
Planning Act."
10610.2. The Legislature finds and declares as follows:
(a) The waters of the state are a limited and renewable resource subject to ever increasing
demands.
(b) The conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies are of statewide concern;
however, the planning for that use and the implementation of those plans can best be
accomplished at the local level.
( c) A long-term, reliable supply of water is essential to protect the productivity of California's
businesses and economic climate.
(d) As part of its long-range planning activities, every urban water supplier should make every
effort to ensure the appropriate level of reliability in its water service sufficient to meet the
needs of its various categories of customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.
(e) This part is intended to provide assistance to water agencies in carrying out their long-
term resource planning responsibilities to ensure adequate water supplies to meet the needs
of both existing customers and future demands for water.
10610.4. The Legislature finds and declares that it is the policy of the state as follows :
(a) The management of urban water demands and efficient use of water shall be actively
pursued to protect both the people of the state and their water resources.
(b) The management of urban water demands and efficient use of urban water supplies shall
be a guiding criterion in public decisions.
(c) Urban water suppliers shall be required to develop water management plans to actively
pursue the efficient use of available supplies.
CHAPTER 2. DEFINITIONS
10611. Unless the context otherwise requires, the definitions of this chapter govern the
construction of this part.
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l 0611.5. "Demand management" means those water conservation measures, programs, and
incentives that prevent the waste of water and promote the reasonable and efficient use and
reuse of available supplies.
l 0612. "Customer" means a purchaser of water from a water supplier who uses the water for
municipal purposes, including residential, commercial, governmental and industrial uses.
10613. "Efficient use" means those management measures that result in the most effective
use of water so as to prevent its waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use.
10614. "Person" means any individual, firm, association, organization, partnership, business,
trust, corporation, company, public agency or any agency of such an entity.
10615. "Plan" means an urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this part. A
plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses,
reclamation and demand management activities. The components of the plan may vary
according to an individual community or area' s characteristics and its capabilities to
efficiently use and conserve water. The plan shall address measures for residential,
commercial, governmental, and industrial water demand management as set forth in Article 2
(commencing with Section 10630) of Chapter 3. In addition, a strategy and time schedule for
implementation shall be included in the plan.
l 0616. "Public agency" means any board, commission, county, city and county, city, regional
agency, district, or other public entity.
l 0616 .5. "Recycled water" means the reclamation and reuse of wastewater for beneficial use.
10617. "Urban water supplier" means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned,
providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000
customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier
includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes
or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public
water systems subject to Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 4010) of Part 1 of Division 5
of the Health and Safety Code.
CHAPTER 3. URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PIANS
Article l . General Previsions
10620. (a) Every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt an urban water management
plan in the manner set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).
(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water
management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier.
(c) An urban water supplier indirectly providing water shall not include planning elements in
its water management plan as provided in Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630) that
would be applicable to urban water suppliers or public agencies directly providing water, or to
their customers, without the consent of those suppliers or public agencies.
( d) ( 1) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation in
areawide, regional, watershed, or basinwide urban water management planning where those
plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation and
efficient water use. (2) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan
with other appropriate agencies in the area , including other water suppliers that share a
common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent
practicable.
(e) The urban water supplier may prepare the plan with its own staff, by contract, or in
cooperation with other governmental agencies.
10621. (a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or
before December 31, in years ending in five and zero.
(b) The amendments to, or changes in, the plan shall be adopted and filed in the manner set
forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).
Article 2. Contents of Plans
10630. It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water
management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume
of water supplied.
10631. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the
following:
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population,
climate, and other demographic factors affecting the supplier's water management planning.
The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local
service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and
shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.
(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water
available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a).
(c) Describe the reliability of the water supply and vulnerability to seasonal or climatic
shortage, to the extent practicable, and provide data for each of the. following:
( 1) An average water year.
(2) A single dry water year.
(3) Multiple dry water years.
For any water source that may not be available at a consistent level of use, given specific legal,
environmental, water quality, or climatic factors, describe plans to replace that source with
alternative sources or water demand management measures, to the extent practicable.
(d) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-
term basis.
(e) (1) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same
five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, identifying the
uses among water use sectors including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following
uses:
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A-4
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any
combination thereof.
(I) Agricultural.
(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments as described in
subdivision (a).
(f) Provide a description of the supplier's water demand management measures. This
description shall include all of the following:
( 1) A description of each water demand management measure that is currently being
implemented, or scheduled for implementation, including the steps necessary to implement
any proposed measures, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) Interior and exterior water audits and incentive programs for single-family
residential, multifamily residential, governmental, and institutional customers.
(B) Enforcement of plumbing fixture efficiency standards and programs to retrofit less
efficient fixtures.
(C) Distribution system water audits, leak detection, and repair.
(D) Metering with commodity rates for all new connections and retrofit of existing
connections.
(E) Large landscape water audits and incentives.
(F) Landscape water conservation requirements for new and existing commercial,
industrial, institutional, governmental, and multifamily developments.
(G) Public information.
(H) School education.
(I) Commercial and industrial water conservation.
(J) New commercial and industrial water use review.
(K) Conservation pricing for water service and conservation pricing fo r sewer service,
where the urban water supplier also provides sewer service.
(L) Landscape water conservation for new and existing single-family homes .
(M) Water waste prohibitions.
(N) Water conservation coordinator.
(0) Financial incentives to encourage water conservation.
(P) Ultra-low-flush toilet replacement.
(2) A schedule of implementation (or all water demand management measures proposed or
described in the plan.
(3) A description of the methods, if any, that the supplier will use to evaluate the
effectiveness of water demand management measures implemented or described under the
plan.
( 4) An estimate, if available, of existing conservation savings on water use within the
supplier's service area, and the effect of such savings on the supplier's ability to further reduce
demand.
(g) An evaluation of each water demand management measure listed in paragraph ( 1) of
subdivision (f) that is not currently being implemented or scheduled for implementation. In
the course of the evaluation, first consideration shall be given to water demand management
measures, or combination of measures, which offer lower incremental costs than expanded or
additional water supplies. This evaluation shall do all of the following:
( 1) Take into account economic and noneconomic factors, including environmental, social,
health, customer impact, and technological factors.
(2) Include a cost-benefit analysis, identifying total benefits and total costs.
(3) Include a description of funding available to implement any planned water supply project
that would provide water at a higher unit cost.
( 4) Include a description of the water supplier's legal authority to implement the measure and
efforts to work with other relevant agencies to ensure the implementation of the measure and
to share the cost of implementation.
(h) Urban water suppliers that are members of the California Urban Water Conservation
Council and submit annual reports to that council in accordance with the "Memorandum of
Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California," dated September 1991,
may submit the annual reports identifying water demand management measures currently
being implemented, or scheduled for implementation, to satisfy the requirements of
subdivisions ( f) and (g).
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis which includes
each of the following elements which are within the authority of the urban water supplier:
(a) Stages of action to be undertaken by the urban water supplier in response to water supply
shortages, including up to a 50 percent reduction in water supply, and an outline of specific
water supply conditions which are applicable to each stage.
(b) An estimate of the minimum water supply available during each of the next three water
years based on the driest three-year historic sequence for the agency's water supply.
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(c) Actions to be undertaken by the urban water supplier to prepare for, and implement
during, a catastrophic interruption of water supplies including, but not limited to, a regional
power outage, an earthquake, or other disaster.
( d) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices during water
shortages, including, but not limited to, prohibiting the use of potable water for street
cleaning.
( e) Consumption reduction methods in the most restrictive stages. Each urban water supplier
may use any type of consumption reduction methods in its water shortage contingency
analysis that would reduce water use, are appropriate for its area, and have the ability to
achieve a water use reduction consistent with up to a 50 percent reduction in water supply.
(f) Penalties or charges for excessive use, where applicable.
(g) An analysis of the impacts of each of the actions and conditions described in subdivisions
(a) to (f), inclusive, on the revenues and expenditures of the urban water supplier, and
proposed measures to overcome those impacts, such as the development of reserves and rate
adjustments.
(h) A draft water shortage contingency resolution or ordinance.
(i) A mechanism for determining actual reductions in water use pursuant to the urban water
shortage contingency analysis.
10633. The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its
potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. To the
extent practicable, the preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water,
wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies and shall include all of the following:
(a) A description of the wastewater· collection and treatment systems in the supplier's service
area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the
methods of wastewater disposal.
(b) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier's service area,
including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.
(c) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not
limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement,
wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, and other appropriate uses, and a
determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses.
(d) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10,
15, and 20 years.
(e) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage
the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of
recycled water used per year.
(f) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier's service area, including
actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems and to promote recirculating
uses.
10635. (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management
plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry,
and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the
total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use
over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water
year, and multiple dry water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based
upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from the
state, regional, or local agency p<;>pulation projections within the service area of the urban
water supplier.
(b) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan
prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies
within 60 days of the submission of its urban water management plan.
(c) Nothing in this article is intended to create a right or entitlement to water service or any
specific level of water service.
(d) Nothing in this article is intended to change existing law concerning an urban water
supplier's obligation to provide water service to its existing customers or to any future,
potential customers.
Article 3. Adoption and Implementation of Plans
10640. Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall
prepare shall prepare its plan pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630).
10641. An urban water supplier required to prepare a plan may consult with, and obtain
comments from, any public agency or state agency or any person who has special expertise
with respect to water demand management methods and techniques.
10642. Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social,
cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during
the preparation of the plan. Prior to adopting a plan, the urban water supplier shall make the
plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing thereon. Prior to the
hearing, notice of the time and place of hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of
the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code. A
privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area. After
the hearing, the plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing.
I 0643. An urban water supplier shall implement its plan adopted pursuant to this chapter in
accordance with the schedule set forth in its plan.
10644. (a ) An urban water supplier shall file with the department a copy of its pl an no later
than 30 days after adoption. Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be filed
with the department within 30 days after adoption.
(b) The department shall prepare and submit to the Legislature, on or before December 31 ,
in the years ending in six and one, a report summarizing the status of the plans adopted
pursuant to this part. The report prepared by the department shall identify the outst anding
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elements of the individual plans. The department shall provide a copy of the report to each
urban water supplier that has filed its plan with the department. The department shall also
prepare reports and provide data for any legislative hearings designed to consider the
effectiveness of plans submitted pursuant to this part.
10645. Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban
water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during
normal business hours.
CHAPTER 4. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
10650. Any actions or proceedings to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or
decisions of an urban water supplier on the grounds of noncompliance with this part shall be
commenced as follows:
(a) An action or proceeding alleging failure to adopt a plan shall be commenced within 18
months after that adoption is required by this part.
(b) Any action or proceeding alleging that a plan, or action taken pursuant to the plan, does
not comply with this part shall be commenced within 90 days after filing of the plan or
amendment thereto pursuant to Section 10644 or the taking of that action.
10651. In any action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul a plan, or an
action taken pursuant to the plan by an urban water supplier on the grounds of
noncompliance with this part, the inquiry shall extend only to whether there was a prejudicial
abuse of discretion. Abuse of discretion is established if the supplier has not proceeded in a
manner required by law or if the action by the water supplier is not supported by substantial
evidence.
10652. The California Environmental Quality Act (Division 13 (commencing with Section
21000) of the Public Resources Code) does not apply to the preparation and adoption of
plans pursuant to this part or to the implementation of actions taken pursuant to Section
10632. Nothing in this part shall be interpreted as exempting from the California
Environmental Quality Act any project that would significantly affect water supplies for fish
and wildlife, or any project for implementation of the plan, other than projects implementing
Section 10632, or any project for expanded or additional water supplies.
10653. The adoption of a plan shall satisfy any requirements of state law, regulation, or
order, including those of the State Water Resources Control Board and the Public Utilities
Commission, for the preparation of water management plans or conservation plans; provided,
that if the State Water Resources Control Board or the Public Utilities Commission requires
additional information concerning water conservation to implement its existing authority,
nothing in this part shall be deemed to limit the board or the commission in obtaining that
information. The requirements of this part shall be satisfied by any urban water demand
management plan prepared to meet federal laws or regulations after the effective date of this
part, and which substantially meets the requirements of this part, or by any existing urban
water management plan which includes the contents of a plan required under this part.
10654. An urban water supplier may recover in its rates the costs incurred in preparing its
plan and implementing the reasonable water conservation measures included in the plan. Any
best water management practice that is included in the plan that is identified in the
"Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California" is
deemed to be reasonable for the purposes of this section.
10655. If any provision of this part or the application thereof to any person or circumstances
is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this part
which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application thereof, and to this end
the provisions of this part are severable.
10656. An urban water supplier that does not prepare, adopt, and submit its urban water
management plan to the department in accordance with this part, is ineligible to receive
drought assistance from the state until the urban water management plan is submitted
pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640) of Chapter 3.
A-9
APPENDIXB
ORDINANCE NO. 35
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT FINDING
THE NECESSITY FOR AND ADOPTING A WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM
BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Direttors of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District as
follows:
Section 1. Declaration of Policy. California Water Code Sections 375 et. seq. permit
public entities which supply water at retail to adopt and enforce a water conservation
program to reduce the quantity of water used by the people therein for the purpose of
conserving the water supplies of such public entity. The Board hereby establishes a
comprehensive water conservation program pursuant to California Water Code Sections 375
et seq., based upon the need to conserve water supplies and to avoid or minimize the effects
of any future shortage.
Section 2. Findings. The Board finds and determines that a water shortage could exist
based upon the occurrence of one or more of the following conditions:
(a) A general water supply shortage due to increased demand or limited supplies.
(b) Distribution or storage facilities of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California, the San Diego C'Junty Water Authority, the District, or other agencies
become temporarily or permanently inadequate.
The Board also finds and determines that the conditions prevailing in the San Diego County
area require that the water sources available be put to maximum beneficial use to the extent
to which they are capable, and that the waste or unreasonable use, or unreasonable method of
use, of water be prevented and that the conservation of such water be encouraged with a view
to the maximum reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interest of the people of the
District and for the public welfare.
Section 3. Application. The provisions of this ordinance shall apply to all water served to
persons, customers, and property by the District.
Section 4. Authorization. The District General Manager, or a designated representative, is
hereby authorized and directed to implement the provisions of this ordinance. Additionally,
the General Manager, or designated representative is hereby authorized to make minor and
limited exceptions to prevent undue hardship or unreasonable restrictions, provided that
water shall not be wasted or used unreasonably and the purpose of this ordinance can be
accomplished.
B-1
B-2
Section 5. Water Conservation Stages. No person shall knowingly use water or permit the
use of water supplied by the District for commercial, industrial, agricultural, governmental, or
any other purpose in a manner contrary to any provision of this ordinance, in an amount in
excess of the amounts authorized by this ordinance or during any period of time other than
the periods of time specified in this ordinance. At no time shall water be wasted or used
unreasonably.
Unreasonable uses of water are those that violate the Carlsbad Water Ethic, a policy adopted
by the Board to establish a list of prudent water uses to be followed regardless of the
availability of local or imported water supplies.
The following stages shall take effect upon declaration as herein provided:
(a) Stage 1 -Voluntary Compliance -Water Watch.
Stage 1 applies during normal periods to encourage conservation by the reasonable use of
water in accordance with the Carlsbad Water Ethic.
(b) Stage 2 -Enforcement Required -Water Alert.
Stage 2 applies during periods that the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 10% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers, either
now or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 2 should result in an average of
10% reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration.
Specific mandated restrictions in water use for Stage 2 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -AU construction water must be reclaimed water or nonpotable water,
if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 2 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 10% reduction of the projected average
water usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be requited to
present a Plan to identify how 10% of the projected average water usage generated
by the development will be offset by reduction in water use by existing customers.
The Plan must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation
guaranteed before a building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may
be guaranteed by installation or construction of the required improvements, or
through payments of fees as determined by the General Manager.
(c) Stage 3 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 3 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 15% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now
or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 3 should result in a minimum of 15%
reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration.
Specific mandated restrictions in water use for Stage 3 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed water or nonpotable water,
if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 3 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 15% reduction of the projected average
water usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be required to
present a Plan to identify how 15% of the projected average water usage generated
by the development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers.
The Plan must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation
guaranteed before a building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may
be guaranteed by installation or construction of the required improvements, or
through payments of fees as determined by the General Manager.
(d) Stage 4 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 4 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 20% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now
or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 4 should result in a minimum of 20%
reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration.
Specific mandated restrictions in water use for Stage 4 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed water or nonpotable water,
if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 4 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 20% reduction of the projected average
water usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be required to
present a Plan to identify how 20% of the projected average water usage generated
by the development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers.
The Plan must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation
guaranteed before a building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be
guaranteed by installation or construction of the required improvements, or through
payments of fee s as determined by the General Manager.
(e) Stage 5 -Enfor.cement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 5 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 30% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now
B-3
B-4
or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 5 should result in a minimum of 30%
reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration.
Specific restrictions in water use for Stage 5 are as follows:
1) Landscape (except residential) -Eliminate watering of ornamental turf areas. Water only
actively used turf areas no more than twice per week. Trees and shrubs may be watered
only twice per week using a hand held hose with a positive shutoff nozzle or drip
irrigation. Use of reclaimed water, however, is exempt.
2) Household and Household Members (Residential landscapes) -Water no more than twice per
week using only hand held hose with positive shutoff nozzle or drip irrigation systems.
Eliminate sprinkler use.
3) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed or nonpotable. Issuance of
construction meters will be only for testing and disinfection of potable waterlines.
4) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 5 and prior to the issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 30% reduction of the projected average
water usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 4a), developer shall be required to
present a Plan to identify how 30% of the projected average water usage generated
by the development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers.
The Plan must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation
guaranteed before a building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may
be guaranteed by installation or construction of the required improvements, or
through payments of fees as determined by the General Manager.
(f) Stage 6 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 6 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 40% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now
or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 6 should result in a minimum of 40%
reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration.
Specific mandated restrictions in water use for Stage 6 are as follows:
1) Landscape ( except residential) -Same requirements as Stage 5 plus irrigate playing fields
only.
2) Household and Household Members (Residential landscapes) -Same as Stage 5 and no outside
irrigation except with water reclaimed from indoor use with hand held bucket to effect a
40% cutback.
3) Construction Usage -Same as Stage 5.
4) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 5 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 40% reduction of the projected average
water usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 4a), developer shall be required to
present a Plan to identify how 40% of the projected average water usage generated
by the development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers.
The Plan must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation
guaranteed before a building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may
be guaranteed by installation or construction of the required improvements, or
through payments of fees as determined by the General Manager.
Section 6. Implementation of Conservation Stages. The District shall monitor the
projected supply and demand for water by its customers on a daily basis. The Manager shall
determine the extent of the conservation required through the implementation and/or
termination of particular conservation stages in order for the District to prudently plan for
and supply water to its customers. Thereafter the Manager may order that the appropriate
stage of water conservation be implemented or terminated in accordance with the applicable
provision of this Oi:dinance. The declaration of any stage beyond Stage 1 shall be made by a
mass mailing and public announcement and notice shall be published a minimum of three (3)
consecutive times in a newspaper of general circulation. The stage designated shall become
effective immediately upon announcement. The declaration of any stage beyond Stage 1
shall be reported to the Board at its next meeting. The Board shall thereupon ratify the
declaration, rescind the declaration,' or direct the declaration of a different stage.
Section 7. Penalty.
(a) Penalties. It shall be unlawful for any customer of the District to fail to comply with
any of the provisions of this ordinance and of the Carlsbad Water Ethic. Failure to
comply with any of the provisions of this Ordinance and of The Carlsbad Water Ethic
shall be as follows:
1) For the first violation by any customer of any of the provisions of this Ordinance or
the Carlsbad Water Ethic, the District shall verbally notice the fact of such violation
to the customer.
2) For a second violation by any customer of any of the provisions of this Ordinance or
the Carlsbad Water Ethic, the District shall issue a personal notice of the fact of
such violation to the customer.
3) For a third violation by a customer of any provision of this ordinance or the
Carlsbad Water Ethic, the District may install a flow restricting device of one gallon
per minute ( 1 GPM) capacity for services of up to OI).e and one-half inch size and
comparatively sized restrictors for larger services upon a prior determination that the
customer has repeatedly violated the provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad
Water Ethic regarding the conservation of water and that such action is reasonably
B-5
B-6
necessary to assure compliance with this ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic
regarding the conservation of water. Such action shall be taken only after a hearing
held by the District Manager or designee, where the customer has an opportunity to
respond to the District's information or evidence that the customer has repeatedly
violated the provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad water Ethic regarding the
conservation of water and that such action is reasonably necessary to assure
compliance with this ordinance and the Carlsbad Water Ethic regarding the
conservation of water.
As determined by the General Manager any such restricted service may be restored
upon application of the customer made not less than forty-eight ( 48) hours after the
implementation of the action restricting service and only upon a showing by the
customer that the customer is ready, willing and able to comply with the provisions
of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic regarding the conservation of water.
Prior to any restoration of service, the customer shall pay all District charges for any
restriction of service and its restoration as provided for in the District's rules
governing water service.
Any willful tampering with or removal of any flow restriction device shall result in
termination of service for a period to be determined by the General Manager.
(b) Notice. The District shall give notice of each violation to the customer committing such
violation as follows:
1) For any violation of the provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic,
the District may give written notice of the fact of such violation to the customer
personally or by U. S. mail, first class, registered postage paid.
2) If the penalty assessed is, or includes, the installation of a flow restrictor to the
customer, notice of the violation shall be given in the following manner:
a. By giving written notice thereof to the customer personally; or
b. If the customer be absent from or unavailable at either his place of residence or
his assumed place of business, by leaving a copy with some person of suitable age
and discretion at either place, and sending a copy through the U. S. mail, first
class, registered postage prepaid, addressed to the customer at his place of
business, residence, or such other address provided by the customer for bills for
water or electric service if such can be ascertained; or
c. If such place or residence, business or other address cannot be ascertained, or a
person of suitable age or discretion at any such place cannot be found, then by
affixing a copy in a conspicuous place on the property where the failure to
comply is occurring and also be delivering a copy to a person of suitable age and
discretion there residing, or employed, if such person can be found, and also
sending a copy through the U. S. mail, first class, registered postage prepaid,
addressed to the customer at the place where the property is situated as well as
such other address provided by the customer for bills for water or electric service
if such can be ascertained.
Said notice shall contain, in addition to the facts of the violation, a statement of
the possible penalties for each violation and statement informing the customer of
his right to a hearing on the violation.
(c) Appeals. Any customer against whom a penalty is levied pursuant to this section shall
have a right to an appeal, in the first instance to the District General Manager or
designee with the right of appeal to the District's Water Commissioners, on the merits
of the alleged violation, upon written request of that customer to the District within
fifteen days of the date of notification of the violation.
Section 8. CEQA Exemption. The Carlsbad Municipal Water District finds that this
Ordinance and actions taken hereafter pursuant to this Ordinance are exempt from the
California Environmental Quality Act as specific actions necessary to prevent or mitigate an
emergency pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080(b)(4) and the California
Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15269(c). The Manager of the District is
hereby authorized and directed to file a Notice of Exemption as soon as possible following
adoption of this ordinance.
Section 9. Repeal of Ordinance No. 30. An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water
District Finding the Necessity for and Adopting an Emergency Water Management Program
to Replace Ordinance No. 28 (Ordinance No. 30) is hereby repealed in its entirety.
Section I 0. Effective Date and Publication. This Ordinance shall become effective as of
the date of adoption and shall be published within ten days of adoption, pursuant to the
California Water Code Section 376.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED by the Board of Directors of the Carlsbad
Municipal Water District at a meeting held on March 5, 1991.
B-7
APPENDIXC
1996 WATER QUALITY REPORT -CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
Parameter State MCL Fed MCL Skinner Plants
Filtration Plant Effluents (a)
Primarv Slandards -Mandalm·v Hcahh-Rclated Standards Avg lbngc
Combined Filter Effluent Turbidity (NTU)
Miciobl~!~i~;J~):r.
Fecal Coliform IE. coli
Orgimis ;;~;i!~ds<infVL>·•·
Total Trihalomethanes (d)
Inorg,id~1~!i~~$ (1ni1i).
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Fluoride (g)
Nickel
Nitrate (as N)
0.5 (b)
(c)
0.10
1(#0.2)
0.05
1
1.4-2.4
0.1
10 (h)
0.5 (b) 0.08 0.07-0.09
(c) no acute violations no acute violations
0.10 0.040 0.022-0.061
#(0.05-0.2) 0.220 0.149-0.344
0.05 0.0020 ND-0.0026
2 0.117 0.115-0.119
4.0(#2.0) 0.21 0.16-0.26
0.1 0.004 0.0024-0.006
10 0.13 0.03-0.22
Nitrate plus Nitrite (as N) 10 10 0.13 0.03-0.22
Radionydides (pCi/L) (~alyzed every four.years.ffrr:friUE.consecutive quartei;s --sampl~i'fl~'.~~i~6-4!~5Y +Yrnmr;it
Gross Alpha 15 15 4.9 ND-9.4
Gross Beta 50 *50 7.7 2.6-17.8
Radium-226 (i) 5 5 (*20) ND ND-1.2
Radon-222 NS *300 ND ND-83
Strontium-90 8 8 ND ND-2.3
Tritium 20,000 20,000 ND ND-1762
Uranium 20 *30 3.4 ND-4.9
Secondarv Standards -Aesthetic Standards
Chloride (mg!L) **250 250 87 81-101
Color (units) 15 15 3 2-3
Corrosivity non-corrosive non-corrosive (j) (j)
Odor Threshold (units) 3 3 (k) (k)
pH (units) NS 6.5-8.5 8.07 8.04-8.12
Specific Conductance (µ,mho/cm) **900 NS 943 837-1092
Sulfate (mg!L) **250 250 (*500) 227 187-290
Total Dissolved Solids (mg!L) **500 500 582 508-698
Turbidity (NTU) 5 NS 0.08 0.06-0.09
C-1
Additional Pa1·ameters
Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg!L) NS
Calcium (mg!L) NS
Hardness as CaCO3 (mg!L) NS
Heterotrophic Plate Count (CFU/mL) (l) NS
Magnesium (mg!L) NS
Potassium (mg!L) NS
Sodium (mg!L) NS
Total Organic Carbon (mg!L) NS
Additional Sampling -U\1\VI> Distribution Svstem
Coliform Bacteria (presence/absence)
Total Trihalomethanes (ug!L)
MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level
ND = None Detected
NS = No Standard
5%
100
Kev to Abbreviations
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units, a measure of suspended material in water.
mg/L = milligrams per liter (parts per million)
ug/L = micrograms per liter (parts per billion)
pCi/L = picoCuries per liter
CFU/mL = colony-forming units per milliliter
,umho/cm = micromhos per centimeter • = proposed standard
# = secondary standard ,.,. = recommended level
115
66
272
<l
26.5
4.3
92
2.59
0.373%
44.1
105-129
57-79
237-326
< 1-22
23-31.5
3.7-5.1
79-111
2.41-2.74
0.00-0.97%
32.0-61.9
The Federal and State standards for acrylamide and epichlorohydrin are treatment techniques with which
Metropolitan complies.
(a) Data shown are annual averages and ranges.
(b) The turbidity level of filtered water shall be less than or equal to 0.5 NTU in 95% of the measurements taken each
month and shall not exceed 5.0 NTU at any time.
(c) Total coliform MCLs: No more than 5.0% of the monthly samples may be total coliform-positive. Fecal
coliform/ E.coli MCLs: The occurrence of 2 consecutive total coliform-positive samples, one of which contains fecal
coliform/ E.coli, constitutes an acute MCL violation. These MCLs were not violated in 1996. Standards and results
are based on distribution system monthly sampling averages. Compliance is based on the combined distribution
system sampling from all the filtration plants. 11,185 samples were analyzed in 1996.
(d) Calculated from the average of monthly filtration plant effluent samples. Compliance is based on a running
annual average of more than 40 quarterly distribution system samples, which was 0.050 mg/L for 1996.
(e) Measured in million fibers per liter (longer than 10 microns).
(f) The Federal and State standards for lead and copper are treatment techniques requiring agencies to optimize
corrosion control treatment.
C-2
(g) State MCL is dependent upon air temperature.
(h) State MCL is 45 mg/Las Nitrate, which equals 10.16 mg/Las N.
(i) Standards are for Radium-226 and -228 combined.
(j) Corrosivity is measured by the Langlier Stability Index. A positive index, indicating non-corrosivity, was
maintained at the plant effluents.
(k) Metropolitan has developed a flavor-profile analysis method that can more accurately detect odor occurrences.
For more information, contact Metropolitan.
(I) Pour plate technique, 48-hour incubation at 35° C, monthly averages.
APPENDIXD
REPORT TO WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD
GENERATED BY VALLECITOS WATER DISTRICT
Meadowlark Reclamation Facility -Effluent Compliance Report
Report for December 1995
Sam le Point: Chlorine Contact Tank
Fluoride 12/5/95-
12/6/96
* Potable Water Supply Parameter
Chloride
mg/L Composite
Qtr/Yr
3rd/95
0.697
Sample Analysis Result
83 .2 mwI,
Note: The discharge requirement for Chloride is not to exceed 200 mwI, over quarterly
potable water supply.
D-1
D-2
Meadowlark Reclamation Facility -Monthly Effluent & Reservoir Compliance Report
Sample Point: Chlorine Contact Tank, Reservoir Shoreline
Report for December 1995
Plant Effluent
12/5/95 475,905 3.4
:~l'A~~?~;'!!!l:11'l'ill .i'~I:7ts; 9s~~l1i!il!~li1:1~;;~ll11!fli!tl!:~f§,:z"" ,. •·•····
12/7/95 1,436,163 4.0 9.60
:1J~il~}$]i~i;\~!/. i1,i~,2;3g~;:ij;~jj~:!i'!~;'.~~;Q);'\ll)\'ifil!l~I§;I7.~· Ff'."ritrnwm
12/9/95 949,984 2.7 li:!:@Z~fik?2!!I " • ···24;9:2·~, ..••
12/11/95 1,196,587
12/13/95
:U2½.t1f4195~) :. r·
12/15/95 1,363,964
.i'2f!6/95i • l ,39J,828±:,
2.5
12/17/95 1,390,118 5.3
6.82
.i!l~l!,§19? l,380;8.42:'·'i~;;i;;;f~~g:Ill~l;IIt:;;7.04
12/19/95 1,388,100 5.3 6.94
r~~·o19~ ....
12/21/95
·1~/~2/95
12/23/95
12/24/95
12/25/95
12/26/95 •.
12/27/95
·12/28/95
12/29/95
12/30/95
12/31/95
Av 'Mo.
1,367,684 5.1
i ,35Z;5Tf''''.:'.:~:'.~;Z;;;: ·•···•:fJ:78
1,349,278 3.7
1,360;105; • ·•.:~~~;
1,347,108 2.9
I,3.47,763\:' ..... Jrt >
1,314,374 3.7
1,220,919· •••• 4-si
1,311 ,070 4.7
1,319,157 4.5
1,293,878 5.1
1,173,171 4.2
.6.91
6.86
6.87
8.70
7.80
9.80
9.30
10.00
11.70
9:500:.
9.80
8:80•
8.50
9.00
11.30
8.58
<2
'2
<2
<2
<2
<2 ..
<2
8 .
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
4
***
0.58
0.6T ·•·
0.64
0.59,
0.73
0.64
0.84
0.6T
0.56
0.75
Storage
Reservoir
5.2
7.1
5.S
*
**
An additional 23.4% of Meadowlark's treated flow was discharged to storage reservoir.
Dissolved oxygen.
*** Coliform monthly median for December was <2 MPN/100 mL.
Meadowlark Reclamation Facility -Monthly Effluent Compliance Report
Report for December 1995
Sample Point: Chlorine Contact Tank Sample Type: Composite
••. Biochemica
Oxyge· sg;itded ....
• Derita • Si;>IHls)
12/3/95 12/4/95
: _ 121s1§~!! :;j:;;~~;!':,'l;?J;~9J2:~ _• _1m1mi§11itlli11iri1J~:11i1t-1·0~0-•.
12/7/95 12/8/95 0
12/12/95 12/13/95
12/14'9:5r·c,, • •• :(~!5-1~5\ !{~ri&11ill!r:i1111~'.1:i}~ :~~lJjlil
12/17/95 12/18/95
l 2/I8/95 • .. !-24!?/9~ ·
1.1 mg!L 1000 mg!L
_11]lm~llil\1l~.i~tll1iX026 m~K':ijf
12/21/95 12/22/95
12/25795.t · ·121~6/95'.;\' •••••
12/26/95 12/27/95
12/28f.;951;;:'_· .:12129/95 ...
Av 'Mo
!:~ .. ;~:1~f;JJ;l,~t~il;'l!!1!;l1·i~~--~-·-%~;'!1t';!;
!t~l~~\l:j;:!t11llllli1'l!!l::l g!g .:~~;:i~l!ill'i
I. I m 'L I 044 m 'L *
Daily Limits
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ................................................................................ 45 mg!L
Total Suspended Solids .......................................................................................... 30 mg!L
Total Dissolved Solids ............................................................................................ 1500 mg!L
Monthly Limits (Monthly Average)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ................................................................................ 30 mg!L
Total Suspended Solids .......................................................................................... 30/mg!L
December Potable Total Dissolved Solids ............................................................. 704 mg!L
* Effluent total dissolved solids are not to exceed 400 mg!L over monthly potable total
dissolved solids.
D-3
APPENDIXE
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT SYSTEM MAP
E-1
•
CITY a=
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, ...........
... Off ......
.................
········•--.iEa
......... ---.,!!!
0CEANB[)E
CfTY a= 0CEANBl)E
an a= l!!NCNT'M
CfTY a= VISTA
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80CWA AOLEDUCTt2