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2000 URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table Of Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1-PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 2
Plan Adoption .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Agency Coordination ............................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 -CMWD SERVICE AREA 3
Climate ............................... : ..................................................................................................................... 3
Other Demographic Factors ..................................................................................................................... 3
Carlsbad's Water Supply History ............................................................................................................. 3
Past Drought, Water Demand, and Conservation Information ................................................................ .4
CHAPTER 3 -WATER SUPPLY SOURCES 7
Water Supply Sources .............................................................................................................................. 7
Imported Water from SDCWA ................................................................................................................ 8
Groundwater. ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Seawater Desalination .............................................................................................................................. 9
Recycled Water ...................................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 4 -RELIABILITY PLANNING 13
Reliability ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Near Term Reliability ......................................................................................................................... 14
Long-Term Reliability ........................................................................................................................ 15
Frequency and Magnitude of Supply Deficiencies ................................................................................. 15
Plans to Assure a Reliable Water Supply ............................................................................................... 16
Three Year Minimum Water Supply ...................................................................................................... 16
Water Transfers ...................................................................................................................................... 17
SDCWA-1/D Water Conservation and Transfer Agreement ............................................................... 17
SDCWA-Metropolitan Water Exchange Agreement ........................................................................... 18
Regional Colorado River Conveyance Feasibility Study ................................................................... 19
• Other Sources Of Imported Water ...................................................................................................... 20
Other Transfers .................................................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 5 -WATER USE PROVISIONS 23
Past, Current and Projected Water Use .................................................................................................. 23
Residential Sector ............................................................................................................................... 24
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional Sectors ...................................................................................... 24
Irrigation Sector ................................................................................................................................. 25
Agricultural Sector ............................................................................................................................. 25
Recycled Water Sector ........................................................................................................................ 26
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CHAPTER 6 -SUPPLY AND DEMAND COMPARISON PROVISIONS 27
Supply and Demand Comparison ........................................................................................................... 27
Dry-Year Water Assessment .................................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER 7 -WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES 29
Best Management Practices .................................................................................................................... 29
BMP I -Residential Surveys ................................................................................................................. 29
BMP 2 -Residential Plumbing Retrofit.. ............................................................................................... 30
BMP 3 --Distribution System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair ............................................. 31
BMP 4 --Metering with Commodity Rates ............................................................................................ 31
BMP 5 --Large Landscape Programs and Incentives ............................................................................. 31
BMP 6 -High-Efficiency Clothes Washer (HEW) RebatesNouchers .................................................. 31
BMP 7 --Public Information Programs .................................................................................................. 31
BMP 8 --School Education Programs ................................................................................................... 32
BMP 9 -Commercial, Industrial and Institutional (CII) Water Conservation ....................................... 32
BMP 10 -Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs .............................................................................. 32
BMP 11 --Conservation Pricing ............................................................................................................ 32
BMP 12 -Conservation Coordinator ..................................................................................................... 32
BMP 13 --Water Waste Prohibition ...................................................................................................... 32
BMP 14 -Residential Ultra-Low Flush Toilet Replacement... .............................................................. 33
CHAPTER 8 -WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN 34
Water Shortage Contingency Plan .......................................................................................................... 35
Revenue and Expenditure Impacts/Measures to Overcome Impacts ...................................................... 36
CHAPTER 9 -WATER RECYCLING 37
Wastewater System Description ............................................................................................................. 37
Recycled Water Uses .............................................................................................................................. 39
Recycled Water Currently Being Used ............................................................................................... 39
Potential Uses of Recycled Water/Technical and Economic Feasibility Analysis .............................. 41
Encouraging Recycled Water Use .......................................................................................................... 46
Financial Incentives ........................................................................................................................... 46
City Policies ....................................................................................................................................... 47
• Staff Assistance ................................................................................................................................... 47
Training .............................................................................................................................................. 48
APPENDIX A 49
Resolution To Adopt The Urban Water Management Plan ................................................................... .49
APPENDIXB 50
An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District Finding the Necessity For and Adopting A
Water Conservation Program ................................................................................................................. 50
APPENDIXC 57
An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District Mandating Use of Reclaimed Water .... , ........ 57
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APPENDIXD 65
DWR 2000 Urban Water Management Plan Checklist .......................................................................... 65
APPENDIXE 67
California Urban Water Management Planning Act. .............................................................................. 67
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List of Tables
TABLE 2-1 POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR THE CMWD SERVICE AREA .................................................. 4
TABLE 2-2 HISTORIC WATER USE IN THE CMWD SERVICE AREA ..........................................................•• 5
TABLE 3-1 CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER SUPPLIES .......................................................................... 8
TABLE 4-1 DRY WATER YEAR SUPPLY RELIABILITY ..........................................................................••.•• 16
TABLE 4-2 STATUS OF CONTINGENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH SDCW A-IID AGREEMENT .................•.••.••• 18
TABLE 4-3 PROJECTED IID TRANSFER SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 18
TABLE 4-4 STATUS OF CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SDCW A-MWD AGREEMENT ........................•• 19
TABLE 5-1 PAST, CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER USE ...................................................................... 23
TABLE 5-2 NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS BY CUSTOMER CLASSIFICATION ................................................ 24
TABLE 6-1 PROJECTED DEMAND AND SUPPLY COMPARISON .................................................................. 27
TABLE 6-2 SINGLE DRY YEAR AND MULTIPLE DRY WATER YEARS ....................................................... 28
TABLE 7-1 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR WATER CONSERVATION IN CALIFORNIA .................... 30
TABLE 8-1 CMWD WATER CONSERVATION STAGES .............................................................................. 36
TABLE 9-1 CMWD WASTEWATER GENERATION PROJECTIONS .............................................................. 37
TABLE 9-2 CMWD PROJECTED RECYCLED WATER CAPACITY .............................................................. .41
TABLE 9-3 PHASE II SUMMARY OF LARGE POT ABLE WATER ]RRIGA TION CUSTOMERS ......................... 45
List of Maps
SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES ....................................................................................................................•. 6
SEWER SERVICE AREA .........................................................................................................................••..• 38
EXISTING RECYCLED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM .............................................................................. 40
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Key to Abbreviations
AF .................... acre feet
AFY ................. acre feet per year
CFS .................. cubic feet per second
CMWD ............ Carlsbad Municipal Water District
CRA ................. Colorado River Aqueduct
• DWR ................ Department of Water Resources
EIR/EIS ............ Environmental Impact Review/Environmental Impact Statement
EWA ................ Encina Wastewater Authority
EWPCF ............ Encina Water Pollution Control Facility
GPM ................ gallons per minute
IID ................... Imperial Irrigation District
LRP .................. Local Resources Program
MAF ................ million acre feet
MG .................. million gallons
MGD ................ million gallons per day
MG/L ............... milligrams per liter
MWD ............... Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
SDCWA ........... San Diego County Water Authority
SWRCB ........... State Water Resources Control Board
TDS ................. total dissolved solids
USBR .............. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
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Carlsbad Municipal Water District
2000 Urban Water Management Plan
Contact Sheet
Date plan submitted to the Department of Water Resources: December 22, 2000
Name of person(s) preparing this plan:
William E. Plummer, Deputy City Engineer
Phone: 760.602.2768
Fax: 760.602.8562
Email: bplum@ci.carlsbad.ca.us
Jon Schauble, Associate Engineer
Phone: 760.602.2762
Fax: 760.602.8562
Email: jscha@ci.carlsbad.ca.us
Joni German, Management Analyst
Phone : 760.438.2722
Fax: 760.431.1601
Email : jgerm@ci.carlsbad.ca. us
The Water supplier is a: Municipality
The Water supplier is a: Retailer
Utility services provided by the water supplier include: Water, Recycled Water, Sewer
Is This Agency a Bureau of Reclamation Contractor? No
Is This Agency a State Water Project Contractor? No
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Introduction
The California Water Code requires all urban water suppliers within the state to prepare
urban water management plans and update them every five years. These plans satisfy the
requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act of 1983 including amendments that
have been made to the Act. Sections 1061 0 through 10656 of the Water Code detail the
information that must be included in these plans, as well as who must file them. Appendix E
contains the text of the Act. This report constitutes the 2000 update to the District's 1995 Urban
Water Management Plan.
Recent amendments to the Act now require that total projected water use be compared to
water supply sources over the next 20 years in 5-year increments. The Act also requests the
information be shown for a single dry water year and multiple dry water years. Additional
amendments to the Act now require that all plans include a detailed water recycling analysis that
includes a description of the wastewater collection and treatment system within the agency's
service area along with current and potential recycled water uses.
According to the Act, "The conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies are of
statewide concern; however, the planning for that use and the implementation of those plans
can best be accomplished at the local level." The Act requires that each urban water supplier,
providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers
or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, shall prepare, update and adopt its
urban water management plan at least once every five years or before December 31, in years
ending in five and zero. In accordance with the Act, the Carlsbad Municipal Water District is
required to update and adopt its plan for submittal to the California Department of Water
Resources (DWR) by December 31, 2000.
DWR has prepared a checklist that lists items to be addressed in each agency's plan,
based on the Act. The checklist allows agencies to identify where in their plan they have
addressed each item. The District has completed this checklist, cross-referencing the Act's
sections and this report's page numbers. The completed checklist is included in Appendix D on
page 65.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 1 -Public Participation
10642. Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of
diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the
service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan. Prior to adopting a
plan, the urban water supplier shall make the plan available for public inspection
and shall hold a public hearing thereon. Prior to the hearing, notice of the time
and place of hearing shall be published . . . After the hearing, the plan shall be
adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing.
Plan Adoption
In accordance with the Act, the Carlsbad Municipal Water District's Board of Directors
held a public hearing and adopted the 2000 Plan on December 12, 2000. A copy of the
adopting resolution is included in Appendix A on page 49. Ten days prior to adoption, a notice
of the public hearing was published in a local newspaper, notifying interested parties that the
draft Plan was available at various City facilities and on the City's web page for review.
Agency Coordination
Law
10620 (d) (2) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its
plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers
that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public
agencies, to the extent practicable.
While preparing the 2000 Plan, the District coordinated its efforts with a number of
agencies to ensure that data and issues are presented accurately. The District attended
workshops conducted by DWR to discuss the requirements of the Act and ensure coordination
with other agencies, including the San Diego County Water Authority and its member agencies
and the Metropolitan Water District, on regional elements of the Plan. In addition, SDCWA
submitted information for and reviewed elements of the District's Plan. The District also worked
closely with the City of Carlsbad in the preparation and review of Plan elements.
In addition, in preparing the recycled water elements of this plan, the District consulted
with the agencies responsible for the existing and potential sources of recycled water, including
the Vallecitos Water District, the Leucadia County Water District, and the Encina Water Pollution
Control Facility.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 2 -CMWD Service Area
I 0631. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all
of the following:
10631. (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and
projected population, climate, and other demographic factors affecting the
supplier's water management planning. The projected population estimates shall
be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population
projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in
five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.
Climate
Carlsbad's climate is characteristically Mediterranean with mild temperatures year round.
This mild climate is derived equally from the warm ocean water being pulled north from Mexico
and from its subtropical, semi-desert locale. The result is temperatures averaging 58 degrees in
January and 73 degrees in July, with an average annual rainfall of about 10 inches.
Other Demographic Factors
Carlsbad is located in the north coastal region of San Diego County. Its western
boundary is the Pacific Ocean. Contiguous cities include Oceanside to the north, Encinitas to the
south, and San Marcos and Vista to the east. The Carlsbad Municipal Water District's service
area is entirely within the City of Carlsbad's boundaries and covers approximately 32 square
miles (85 percent of the city). A map of the District's boundaries is located on page 6.
The median age of Carlsbad residents is 38 years. The average household is 2.5
persons per dwelling unit. The median family income is estimated at $52,297 per year. More
than 50% of Carlsbad residents are employed in professional, managerial, and administrative
occupations. Over 90% of residents have completed high school and 35% are college
graduates.
In 1995, employment in service industries in Carlsbad ranked as the highest employment
sector, followed closely by manufacturing and retail trade.
Carlsbad's Water Supply History
The City of Carlsbad was incorporated in 1952. Water demands for the area were initially
provided by the privately held Carlsbad Mutual Water Company through the utilization of local
supplies. Subsequently purchased by the City, the Mutual Water Company constructed a series
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
of wells, pumping stations and transmission facilities to quench the thirst of residential,
commercial and agricultural users.
The Mutual Water Company obtained rights to 2,382 acre feet of water from the "Mission
Basin" of the San Luis Rey River Valley in western Oceanside, and held a license by the State
Division of Water Rights for another 1,000 acre feet annually. Additionally, water rights for 150
acre feet annually were held from Calavera Creek and a lesser amount from Agua Hedionda
Creek. The original license was for irrigation purposes and was later changed to recreational
and fire protection purposes.
As demands for water increased, another problem was being realized with the existing
water system. In times of high demand, seawater intrusion occurred when water levels within the
San Luis Rey River basin dropped. The gradual degradation of water quality prompted the
Mutual Water Company to abandon all attempts to utilize this water. This created the need for
imported sources.
CMWD was formed as a vehicle to bring imported water to the unincorporated areas of
Carlsbad and to wholesale water to the newly formed City of Carlsbad. Its first meeting was held
on March 22, 1954. CMWD became a member of the San Diego County Water Authority that
same year.
In January 1990, CMWD became a subsidiary district of the City of Carlsbad. The District
is governed by the Carlsbad City Council acting as the Water District Board of Directors.
Table 2-1 shows the population total for the Carlsbad Municipal Water District in 2000,
with projections to 2020.
TABLE 2-1
Population Projections for the CMWD Service Area
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Service Area 67,627 78,215 89,461 100,542 111,459 Population
Past Drought, Water Demand, and Conservation Information
Water use in Carlsbad is closely linked to the local economy, population and weather.
Over the last half century, a prosperous local economy has stimulated population growth, which
in turn produced a relatively steady increase in water demand. However, fluctuating economic
and weather conditions in the 1990s and lingering effects from the 1987-1992 drought resulted
in deviations from historic demand patterns. By 1999, a new combination of natural population
increase and job creation surfaced as the primary drivers of water consumption increases.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Historically, peak year water demand in the CMWD service area occurred in 1989, when
a record amount of nearly 18,000 acre feet was purchased. Calendar year 1999 demands did
exceed the 1989 historical peak and reached a total water demand of over 19,600 acre feet.
Following the 1987-1992 drought, the CMWD service area experienced significant reductions in
water use. This reduction in potable water use was attributable to several factors, including the
economic recession, water conservation measures taken by the District as a result of the
drought, the introduction of recycled water, and relatively plentiful rainfall.
The years following the drought showed a steady growth in population, and water
demand grew to match this population growth. In 1997 water demand jumped almost 14 percent
over 1996 demand, evidence of the great economic growth and construction boom in Carlsbad.
Water demand peaked again in 1999, as Carlsbad's population continued to grow. Table 2-2
shows the historic water demand within the CMWD service area.
TABLE2-2
Historic Water Use in the CMWD Service Area (1990-1999)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Demand(AF) 15,809 14,081 14,547 15,095 15,518 14,318 15,373 17,510 16,686 19,628
%Change -12.2 -10.9 +3.3 +3.8 +2.8 -7.7 +7.4 +13.9 -4.7 +17.6
As stated earlier, historic water demand peaked in 1989 with nearly 18,000 acre feet
purchased. Since then, water conservation practices and higher water rates have resulted in a
reduction in the demand for water. Increases in water usage beginning in 1992 reflect the
growing use of recycled water for irrigation.
The necessity for reduced water consumption by CMWD customers was the result of a
reduction in the available imported water supply from the drought. Although water was not
rationed, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California placed financial penalties on its
member agencies if they exceeded their water demand of FY 1988-89. MWD enacted this
penalty to discourage any increases in the imported water demand.
To avoid paying the financial penalty, CMWD adopted an increasing block rate structure
to discourage high water use. In 1993, this structure was changed to a flat rate. In addition,
water conservation programs were expanded to discourage the use of excessive amounts of
water for irrigation purposes during the drought. CMWD continues to encourage water
conservation for irrigation, particularly the use of recycled water when available.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
OCEANSIDE
Pacific
Ocean
.Roa
'--_ _,...._ ____ \ "---,.--. OCEANSIDE
~~~ ~: .. ~ \ ) ~
\ / '/
Carlsbad Municipal
Water District
ENCINITAS n(;ipal
d:t
CMWD Service Area Boundaries
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VISTA
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SAN
MARCOS
ENCINITAS
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 3 -Water Supply Sources
I 0631. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all
of the fo llowing:
I 0631 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and
planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year
increments [to 20 years or as far as data is availab le.]
Water Supply Sources
Carlsbad is located in a semi-arid coastal desert environment averaging less than 10
inches of rain annually. Prolonged rain storms are rare. The Carlsbad Municipal Water District is
100 reliant on imported water purchased from the San Diego County Water Authority.
Until 1960, the District's historical water supply included groundwater, surface water and
imported water. Groundwater was obtained from wells in the San Luis Rey River Basin, located
in Oceanside, and wells located along Agua Hedionda Creek in Carlsbad. Surface water was
obtained from Calavera Lake, an earthen dam reservoir designed to capture and treat surface
runoff flowing into Calavera Lake.
Calavera Lake included a water treatment plant and stored groundwater pumped from
wells in the San Luis Rey River basin during the winter months. This groundwater was used later
during peak water demand periods. Imported water was conveyed through aqueducts from the
Colorado River by the Metropolitan Water District. At that time, imported water was not
processed through a water treatment plant, but rather screened and chlorinated prior to use.
Local groundwater and surface water supplies were abandoned in the 1960s due to poor
water quality and the ability to directly supply lower-cost imported water to customers. Overall,
groundwater quality degraded to the point where the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the
wells exceeded 1500 mg/L. The water treatment plant that existed at Calavera Lake was
subsequently abandoned and dismantled.
CMWD began receiving imported water deliveries in 1955 through existing aqueduct
connections located in the City of Escondido. A pipeline was constructed in 1956 by CMWD to
convey imported water directly to Carlsbad and unincorporated areas. From 1962 to 1992,
CMWD's water demand was met exclusively by imported water sources.
In 1991, CMWD began delivering reclaimed water to supplement its imported water
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
supply. Through agreements with two other agencies, CMWD obtained 2.0 mgd of reclaimed
water from the Meadowlark Water Reclamation Facility, and 0.75 mgd from the Gafner Water
Reclamation Plant. These plants are owned and operated by the Vallecitos Water District and
the Leucadia County Water District, respectively. Since 1992, reclaimed water demand has
increased due to new land development projects. These projects connect into a reclaimed water
system consisting of distribution pipelines, a 2 mgd pump station and two reservoirs with a
combined storage capacity of 2.5 million gallons. \ D \~ )
Imported Water from SDCWA
As with many communities in southern California, CMWD has relied on both local and
imported water sources. However, the District realized early on that not only were they reaching
the limit of local resources in terms of quantity, but the water quality (high in TDS) was becoming
detrimental to agriculture, which represented a significant portion of the delivered water supply.
So, in 1951 , CMWD applied to join the San Diego County Water Authority. SDCWA had
previously joined the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) in order to obtain
supplemental water from the Colorado River.
Currently, CMWD relies on imported water exclusively to meet potable water demands
for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. The water is imported from MWD and treated at
MWD's Skinner Filtration Plant in Riverside County. The treated water is conveyed to CMWD
through SDCWA aqueducts. Table 3-1 shows current and projected imported water purchases
through 2020.
TABLE 3-1
Current and Projected Water Supplies (AFY)
Water Suooly Sources 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Purchased from SDCWA 18,659 14,806 15,377 18,054 20,809
Groundwater /Seawater 0 3,618 3,618 3,618 3,618
Recycled Water 2,061 3,270 4,480 4,480 4,480
Total 20,720 21,694 23,475 26,151 28,907
Groundwater
Until the 1950s, local groundwater was the only source of water for the City of Carlsbad.
The major sources were wells drawing from the Mission Basin of the San Luis Rey River. Wells
were initially developed in 1913. CMWD has rights to 5 cubic feet per second (cfs) of pre-1914
appropriative rights and an additional 750 acre feet per year, up to 5 cfs, that was permitted in
1938. Over the years, the total dissolved solids (TDS) content of the groundwater in the Mission
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Basin increased to the point where the use was discontinued. The current condition of the wells
and piping system is beyond repair.
CMWD also owns wells originally developed by the Terramar Water Company in the
early 1950s. These wells, referred to as the Cannon Well Field, were purchased from Terramar
in 1958 and used from 1958 to 1962. The largest extraction was only 238 AFY. These wells are
located in the Agua Hedionda Creek near Rancho Carlsbad Golf Course. The golf course
irrigation water is obtained from these wells today.
Other potential groundwater basins include Buena Vista Creek Basin, Encinas Creek
Basin, and the Batiquitos Hydrologic Subarea. These resources have low potential yields, poor
quality, or no available data to substantiate their use in the public water supply. Generally
speaking, these basins do not have geological characteristics or size comparable to Mission
Basin. Collectively, none of these groundwater alternatives would supply even 3 percent of
CMWD's ultimate need of 28,900 acre feet per year.
Of the groundwater basins available to CMWD, only the Mission Basin of the San Luis
Rey River has the potential for a viable water resource. This basin has a large drainage area of
565 square miles and consists of alluvium and river channel deposits averaging 150 feet in
depth. The quality is mildly brackish with TDS concentrations ranging from 1,000 to 1,500
milligrams per liter (mg/L). For Carlsbad's use, the water would need to be treated by a low
pressure membrane, reverse osmosis process to achieve treated water quality in the range of
500 mg/L. The City of Oceanside is currently doing this at their Mission Basin Desalting Facility.
The San Diego County Water Authority is currently conducting feasibility studies in the
Lower San Luis Rey River to explore and define regional opportunities for groundwater
conjunctive use projects. The first phase of study has been completed and project concepts
have been identified. Subsequent phases of the study will include field investigations and aquifer
tests, the analysis of potential institutional issues, and the development of detailed project
proposals and cost estimates.
Seawater Desalination
In 1999, the Carlsbad Municipal Water District was approached by Poseidon Resources
Corporation with a proposal to perform a feasibility study on seawater desalination in Carlsbad.
In March, 2000, the District's Board of Directors instructed staff to prepare a report on this
proposal, including the benefits and impediments to such a project. In short, there are
numerous beneficial aspects to developing seawater desalination project, but also many serious
and critical issues that must be addressed and resolved before Carlsbad might enjoy the fruits of
a cost effective, reliable, drought-proof, water supply.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The purpose of the report, which began in September, 2000 and is to be completed within
one year, was not to attempt to answer the many questions presented or solve any of the issues
presented. The purpose was to identify most of the issues known at the time in order to put the
potential for seawater desalination into perspective.
There are numerous permitting and environmental hurdles to overcome in the process of
developing a seawater desalination facility. Some of the more critical agency approvals needed
are the California Coastal Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California
Department of Fish and Game, State Department of Water Resources and the State Regional
Water Quality Control Board.
There are also numerous issues affecting the City of Carlsbad, including the possible
redevelopment (and relocation) of the Encina Power Plant (owned by Cabrillo Power); our
continued relationship with the San Diego County Water Authority and how a desalination facility
would affect a possible contractual agreement with the Authority; how a contractual arrangement
would be negotiated with Poseidon Resources if the project was shown to be feasible; and
whether Carlsbad could partner with the Water Authority, the Metropolitan Water District and/or
neighboring water entities to wholesale desalinated water to them. Partnering with other
agencies would increase the plant capacity from 1 O mgd for Carlsbad alone to up to 50 mgd for
a plant supplying CMWD, the Vallecitos Water District, the Vista Irrigation District, the City of
Oceanside, the San Dieguito Water District and the Olivenhain Municipal Water District.
Again, these are issues that must be addressed and resolved prior to the realization of any
seawater desalination project that is shown feasible. The final proposal from Poseidon
Resources will be based on a design, construct and 20-year operation of the seawater
desalination facility. The potential for desalinated seawater use in the CMWD service area is
shown in Table 3-1.
Recycled Water
The Carlsbad Municipal Water District began serving recycled water in 1993. The
Meadowlark Water Reclamation Facility (owned and operated by the Vallecitos Water District)
and the Gafner Wastewater Treatment Plant (owned and operated by the Leucadia County
Water District) currently provide recycled water at a rate of 2.0 million gallons per day (mgd) and
0.75 mgd, respectively. In 1999, CMWD's existing Phase I recycled water distribution system
provided approximately 1,740 acre-feet per year of irrigation water to 20 major users (120
meters). Major users include the Aviara Development and Golf Course, the La Costa Resort and
Golf Course, and CalTrans. Phase I recycled water demands currently exceed available supply.
The ultimate capacity for Phase I is 2,050 AFY, which is expected to occur in FY 2001-02.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The District's 1997 Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update identified a recommended
Phase II recycled water system that will increase peak supply from 2.75 mgd to 8.0 mgd. The
Phase II expansion, as described in the plan update, included: constructing a new 4 mgd water
recycling facility near the existing Encina Water Pollution Control Facility and expanding the
Meadowlark facility by 1 mgd; constructing 74,000 feet of 12-to 24-inch distribution and
transmission pipelines; and constructing a new recycled water pump station. Improvements to
the Mahr Reservoir for recycled water storage were also recommended. Subsequent to the
update, the Meadowlark Facility expansion has been substituted with a 1.0 mgd expansion of
the Gafner Water Reclamation Plant.
Since 1993, the District has been constructing pipelines and requiring developers to
install recycled water facilities in anticipation of the Phase II program. Thus, many existing
potable water irrigation systems are ready to accept recycled water with little or no modification.
Many of the proposed Phase II users are located adjacent to existing recycled water pipelines.
The District has completed the Phase II expansion environmental documentation, preliminary
design and an agreement with MWD for partial facility funding. The District has initiated
preparation of a funding request from the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)
through one of their low-interest loan programs for additional capital funding, and from the
Bureau of Reclamation (BU REC) for a 25% project grant. Final design has now been initiated
and is expected to be completed by January 2002.
In order to fully implement Phase II expansion, it has been recommended that the
following steps be undertaken:
• Continue pursuing an SWRCB low-interest loan and satisfying the MWD funding
milestones.
• Initiate design for the most critical and/or longest-lead facilities.
• Complete all applicable regulatory requirements that affect recycled water
production, storage, distribution and end use.
• Immediately address all institutional requirements that can constrain the phased
expansion of the system.
• Complete all internal requirements imposed by the expansion, including adequate
staffing for design and construction review and coordination, customer
connection and coordination, and regulatory/institutional coordination; and
adequate system monitoring to ensure ongoing refinement of preliminary design
assumptions.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• Initiate construction for most critical and/or longest-lead facilities, including
compliance with MWD's and SWRCB's low-interest loan requirements .
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Reliability
Chapter 4 -Reliability Planning
I 0631. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all
of the following:
10631 (c) Describe the reliability of the water supply and vulnerability to
seasonal or climatic shortage, to the extent practicable.
10631 (c) For any water source that may not be available at a consistent level of
use, given specific legal, environmental, water quality, or climatic factors,
describe plans to replace that source with alternative sources or water demand
management measures, to the extent practicable.
10631 (c) Provide data for each of the following: (I) An average water year, (2)
A single dry water year, (3) Multiple dry water years.
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis
which includes each of the following elements which are within the authority of
the urban water supplier:
10632 (b) An estimate of the minimum water supply available during each of the
next three-water years based on the driest three-year historic sequence for the
agency's water supply.
Currently, only 1 0 percent of CMWD's demand is met with recycled water. The remaining
90 percent is met with imported water purchased from the San Diego County Water Authority,
which it purchases from the Metropolitan Water District. The 1987-1992 drought raised concerns
throughout Southern California as to the reliability of imported water in the event of another
extended drought.
There are two aspects of water supply reliability to be considered. The first relates to
immediate service needs and is primarily a function of the availability and adequacy of facilities.
This aspect can be classified as emergency reliability. The second aspect is driven by the
availability of water which is climate-driven and can be classified as drought reliability. Both
SDCWA and MWD are in the process of implementing facilities to enhance emergency
reliability. In addition, certain institutional programs are either being developed or are being
implemented which will address resource reliability in both the near-term (present to 2010) and
the long-term (beyond 2010).
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Near Term Reliability
For the near term, the relative reliability of imported water from SDCWA and MWD are
identical. For many years, MWD has been the sole provider of imported water to SDCWA;
however, circumstances have changed dramatically since SDCWAjoined MWD in 1944. Today,
both agencies are in the process of negotiations to determine the nature and extent of their
future relationship. Among the key issues to be addressed are:
1. Preferential rights: Under Section 135 of the MWD Act, each member agency has a
preferential right to water. This right is determined by each agency's total historic
payments to Metropolitan from property taxes, stand-by charges, readiness-to-serve
charges and other revenue, excluding revenue from the purchase of water even though a
portion of such revenues are used to pay for capital projects. At any time under
preferential rights rules, Metropolitan could allocate water without regard to historic water
use or dependence on Metropolitan. This could leave SDCWA short by more than half of
its water supply in a hypothetical 20% shortage.
While there are a variety of legal opinions stating different interpretations of
Section 135, it remains a cloud on the reliability of a significant portion of San Diego's
water supply, which is in excess of its preferential rights. SDCWA believes that
Metropolitan should take the steps necessary to eliminate the conflict that surrounds
Section 135 by either taking steps to remove it, or, by accepting it and requiring the
agencies who benefit from Section 135 to match the rights they claim with a
proportionate share of the liabilities Metropolitan has incurred and continues to incur to
satisfy those claims.
2. Cost of service: SDCWA believes that there must be a nexus between benefits and
burdens at Metropolitan and that SDCWA and all of Metropolitan's member agencies
should get what they pay for and pay for what they get. SDCWA believes that
Metropolitan must levy a charge for unused capacity and water held ready to serve
member agencies on a standby basis; currently, Metropolitan shifts those costs to the
member agencies who are buying water.
3. Future investments: SDCWA has proposed that Metropolitan should only make
investments that its member agencies are willing to pay for; SDCWA believes that
Metropolitan must change its current rate structure, which allows member agencies to
"roll off' its system, thus shifting the burdens of its investments to those who remain.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
4. Establishment of rights and liabilities: SDCWA believes that Metropolitan's member
agencies must, by contract or otherwise, be able to ascertain and fix their rights and
liabilities in the Metropolitan system.
5. Governance and voting: The current voting structure at Metropolitan, like the preferential
rights formula, is based on assessed valuation. While the system may have made sense
when Metropolitan revenues were collected from taxes, it no longer makes sense when
the majority of revenues are collected from water rates. SDCWA believes that
Metropolitan's governance and voling structure should be changed to reflect the interests
of those member agencies who are paying the bills .
6. Water quality: SDCWA pays for but is not served water from the State Water Project that
could bring its water quality up to the standards required by Section 136 of the
Metropolitan Act. It is unfair for SDCWA to be charged by Metropolitan for water it
refuses to serve to SDCWA; at a minimum, a price adjustment should be implemented.
SDCWA is committed to taking all steps necessary to resolve these critical issues with
Metropolitan. However, until current policies are changed, short-term reliability is low.
Long-Term Reliability
Regional long-term reliability will be beneficially impacted by the implementation of major
storage facilities by both MWD and SDCWA. These facilities will provide emergency storage
sufficient to handle their respective service area needs with major aqueduct outages for as long
as six months. In addition, other facilities planned by each agency will add to the overall system
reliability through redundancy and system enhancements.
With regard to resource reliability, which is the primary issue during an extended drought,
continued implementation of recycled water, groundwater recovery, conservation, groundwater
storage and conjunctive use programs by both MWD and SDCWA will enhance the region's
ability to reduce dependency on imported supplies during extended drought periods. However,
these sources alone are not sufficient to meet imported water needs. Other sources of imported
water, such as the SDCWA-lmperial Irrigation District water transfer, are necessary to meet our
long-term water needs.
Frequency and Magnitude of Supply Deficiencies
The San Diego County Water Authority does not anticipate any water shortages in any
average rainfall years through 2020. According to SDCWA, if projected imported and local
supplies are developed as indicated, no shortages are anticipated within the Authority's service
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
area in the dry-year scenarios analyzed. No extraordinary conservation measures, beyond the
implementation water conservation best management practices, are reflected in the dry-year
scenarios.
Plans to Assure a Reliable Water Supply
SDCWA does recognize the uncertainties regarding imported water supplies from MWD
and is taking steps to reduce this dependency through water transfers and the development of
local projects (including demand management).
In addition, CMWD is studying local water resource programs such as recycling and
seawater desalination to improve supply reliability during droughts (see Water Sources
(Supply)).
Three Year Minimum Water Supply
The data in Table 4-1 shows the minimum water supply available to CMWD in the next
three water years . The anticipated dry-year supply in 2010 was used for the single dry-year
analysis in order to show the results of local and imported water supply development over the
next ten years. If projected imported and local supplies are developed as indicated, no shortages
are anticipated within the CMWD service area in the dry-year scenarios analyzed.
TABLE4-1
Dry Water Vear Supply Reliability (AFV)
Average/ Single Dry
Normal Water Water Vear Vear 1
Vear 2010 2001
2000
20,720 23,475 20,910
Transfer or Exchange Opportunities
Law
Multiple Dry Water Years
Vear2
2002
21 ,110
1063 1. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all
of the following:
1063 1 (d) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a
short-term or long-term basis.
16
Vear3
2003
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Water Transfers
As discussed earlier, CMWD relies entirely on imported water from the San Diego
County Water Authority. SDCWA has found that water transfers provide great potential for
meeting future regional demands. Water transfers are typically defined as the purchase of water
during a specified period from an agency or district that then reduces its water use by that amount.
In 1998, the Authority signed a historic agreement with the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) for the
long-term transfer of conserved Colorado River water to San Diego County. The SDCWA-I ID
Water Conservation and Transfer Agreement will increase the reliability of the Authority's future
imported water supplies.
SDCWA-11D Water Conservation and Transfer Agreement
On April 29, 1998, SDCWA and IID signed a Water Conservation and Transfer Agreement.
The agreement is the largest agriculture-to-urban water transfer in United States history. Colorado
River water will be conserved by Imperial Valley farmers who voluntarily participate in the program
and then transferred to SDCWA for use in San Diego County. Imperial Valley farmers will
conserve the water by employing extra-ordinary conservation measures. Deliveries into San Diego
County from the transfer are expected to begin by 2002. SDCWA will receive between 130,000
and 200,000 AFY after an initial 10-year ramp-up in the water deliveries.
The initial term of the agreement is for 45 years, with a provision that either agency may
extend the agreement for an additional 30-year term . Under certain conditions, up to 34,000 AF
can be recalled by 11 D at the end of the initial 45-year term.
In the contract's first year, the price for the transfer water will be approximately $250/AF.
The price will be indexed to the Metropolitan rate at a discount. The discount is 25 percent for the
first year, declining to a long-term value of five percent by year 17. The agreement allows for a
"price redetermination" process to adjust the price to market values 10 years after the start of
deliveries.
During dry years, when water availability is low, the conserved water will be transferred
under II D's Colorado River rights, which are among the most senior in the Lower Colorado River
Basin. Without the protection of these rights, SDCWA could suffer delivery cutbacks. In recognition
for the value of such reliability, the contract requires SDCWA to pay a premium on transfer water
under defined regional shortage circumstances.
Before the transfer can be implemented, SDCWA and IID must resolve a number of
contingencies. These contingencies are included in Table 4-2 along with the status and estimated
completion date.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
TABLE4-2
Status of Contingencies Associated With SDCW A-11D Agreement
Contingency Status Date Complete
Secure transportation of SDCWA and Metropolitan signed a water
transfer water to San Diego exchange agreement to allow delivery of November 1 998
County. transfer water through the CRA.
Both agencies must The EIR/EIS should be
A full environmental impact review is under way finalized by December complete required review by the 11D, SDCWA, and USBR to assess any 2000andthe and assessments of any potential environmental impact associated with environmental process potential environmental the agreement. complete by January impacts of the water transfer. 2001.
The two agencies must
receive approval of the SDCWA and the 11D filed a petition for approval SWRCB approval is
agreement from the with the SWRCB on July 22, 1998. expected by January
appropriate state and federal 2001 .
authorities.
11D must reach voluntary 11D notified SDCWA that it had potential interest
agreements with Imperial from landowners and tenants in conserving at
least 134,000 AF of water. Additional Valley landowners to landowners may participate upon completion of October 1 999
conserve at least 130,000
AFY for transfer. the environmental studies and development of
on-farm guidelines for conservation.
Based on the SDCWA-II D transfer agreement, the anticipated delivery schedule is shown
in Table 4-3 in five-year increments.
TABLE4-3
Projected 11D Transfer Supply (AFV)1
2005 I 2010 I 2015 I 2020
80,000 I 180,000 I 200,000 I 200,000
'Assumes transfers beoin in vear 2002 at 20,000 AF and ramo-uo in 20,000 AF increments each vear.
SDCWA-Metropolitan Water Exchange Agreement
A contingency of the transfer agreement is securing transportation of the water from the
Colorado River to San Diego County. To satisfy this contingency, SDCWA entered into a water
exchange agreement with Metropolitan on November 1998. Under the exchange agreement,
Metropolitan will take delivery of the transfer water through its Colorado River Aqueduct. SDCWA
will pay Metropolitan a delivery fee. In exchange, Metropolitan will deliver to SDCWA a like quantity
and quality of water. The duration of the agreement is 30 years.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The exchange agreement calls for SDCWA to pay Metropolitan a per-acre-foot delivery fee
of $90 in the first 20 years, and $80/AF from years 21 through 30. Both figures would escalate
each year based upon an agreed-to rate of 1.55 percent for the first 20 years and 1.44 percent for
the final 10 years of the agreement. The financial terms of the agreement could be adjusted in the
10th and 20th years to address impacts of potential catastrophes and changes in regulatory
requirements. In addition to the contingencies of the SDCWA-II D agreement, there are conditions
associated with SDCWA-Metropolitan agreement that will need to be satisfied before deliveries
can be made. Table 4-4 shows the conditions along with status and estimated completion date.
TABLE4-4
Status Of Conditions Associated With SDCW A-MWD Agreement
Conditions Status Date Complete
Quantification of the In October 1999, the State of California, IID, Coachella Approval of the
agricultural agencies' Valley WD, and Metropolitan reached agreement on settlement by
entitlements within their 3.85 the terms of a quantification settlement. This settlement the Department
million AF apportionment of sets limits to the amounts of water that each agricultural of Interior is
Colorado River Water. agency may take from the 3.85 MAF 1st priority. The expected by
settlement also provides for the allocation of future January 2001.
water supplies and transfers among California's river
water users. A series of agreements and contracts must
be developed and executed before the quantification
settlement takes effect.
Development by the federal The Department of Interior released a draft EIS in July January 2001
government of surplus criteria 2000 comparing several surplus operating criteria
on the Colorado River to help alternatives. The seven basin states have since reached
assure a full Colorado River agreement on surplus criteria guidelines and the DOI
Aqueduct for Metropolitan at has accepted the proposal as public comment on the
least through 201 5. draft EIS.
State funding must be A California law passed, providing$235 million in state September 1998
allocated for the lining of the funding for the canal lining and storage projects.
All-American Canal and its
Coachella branch and for
construction of conjunctive
use storage facilities along the
CRA.
Regional Colorado River Conveyance Feasibility Study
The exchange agreement with Metropolitan allows SDCWA to terminate the agreement if
alternative conveyance facilities are developed. The Regional Colorado River Conveyance
Feasibility Study (Regional Study) will provide a comprehensive feasibility level evaluation of the
opportunities for a separate conveyance system that could transport and store conserved
Colorado River water for San Diego County. The State of California will provide $2.5 million of
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
the Regional Study's cost from Proposition 204. SDCWA will contribute $500,000 towards
preparation of the Regional Study.
In addition, Proposition 13, passed by the voters in March 2000, allocates $3 million to
SDCWA for environmental and engineering studies associated with a San Diego regional
conveyance facility. Pending approval by the State, a portion of these funds will be used for the
existing effort and remainder to be utilized for further studies, if necessary, upon completion of the
Regional Study.
The Regional Study is separated into two components: 1) refinement of costs for
alignments in the United States; and 2) evaluation of options from a bi national perspective, which
includes evaluating alignments in Mexico or partly in each country.
The first component of the Regional Study will include a refinement of the cost estimates
for conveyance alignments in the United States that were provided in the September 1996
Feasibility Report for Facilities to Transfer Water from the Imperial lffigation District. The cost
includes pipelines, tunnels, power generation and pumping facilities, water storage, and water
treatment. Annual operations and maintenance costs are projected to be about $73 million. The
costs included in the report contained contingencies of 25 to 50 percent due mainly to unknown
geologic conditions for tunneling and pipeline alignments. The refined cost estimates should be
available by the end of year 2000.
The second component of the Regional Study, which will occur concurrently with the first
element, is to conduct a joint feasibility level study with Mexico to evaluate conveyance and
storage options that could benefit both regions. The Regional Study will be the first
comprehensive evaluation of a potential binational conveyance system to transport and store
Colorado River water. At this point, neither country is committing to go beyond the feasibility
stage of the Regional Study. In defining the parameters of the Regional Study, the participating
agencies also agreed that each country would transport water it owns in any future aqueduct.
Technical data from the Regional Study will help SDCWA determine whether a bi national aqueduct
could deliver transferred water efficiently and cost-effectively.
In October 1999, the International Boundary and Water Commission Minute 301 was
approved, authorizing the two countries to work together on the Regional Study. Minute 301 also
authorized formation of a Bi national Technical Committee to oversee preparation of the Regional
Study. The binational component of the Regional Study should be competed in year 2001.
Other Sources Of Imported Water
Supplies from the 11D water transfer and SDCWA's preferential rights from Metropolitan
are not sufficient to meet the imported water needs of the region. Therefore, SDCWA must
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
pursue additional supplies, either local and/or imported. Potential imported sources include
various types of water transfers and/or Metropolitan non-firm supplies that may be available to
SDCWA.
Other Transfers
There is the potential to obtain additional transfer supplies, beyond the 11D transfer, to meet
the future demands of the San Diego region. There are various types of transfers available that are
typically categorized into the following types:
• Core Transfers -Core transfers make water available through multi-year contracts that
convey a specific amount of water to the purchaser each year. The 11D water transfer is
defined as a core transfer.
• Spot Transfers -Spot transfers make water available for a limited duration (typically one
year or less) through a contract entered into in the same year that the water is delivered.
• Option Transfers -Option transfers are multi-year contracts that allow the purchaser to
obtain a specified quantity of water at some future date. They usually require a minimum
payment for water even if the water is not needed. For example, an agreement may require
water to be purchased one out of every five years.
• Storage Transfers -Storage transfers allow the purchaser to place water into storage for
delivery at some time in the future.
• Water Exchanges -Water exchanges are agreements between the purchasing agency and
selling agency that allow for the exchange of water from one source for water from a
different source.
The 11D transfer supply is conserved water from the Colorado River. The other two
geographic regions where transfer water is currently available are central and northern
California. Transfers from northern and central California would utilize State Water Project
conveyance capacity. One example for how such transfers could be made available is the State
Water Bank created during the end of the recent drought. In 1991, as a drought emergency
measure, DWR created the bank to enable water-short districts and agencies to purchase
supplies from willing water sellers. DWR purchased the water supplies primarily from northern
California agricultural entities and sold these supplies to entities experiencing drought shortages.
DWR purchased the water for $125/AF and sold it for $175/AF (1991 costs). Metropolitan
purchased 215,000 AF in 1991; SDCWA, due to cutbacks in supply from Metropolitan, had to
separately purchase 21,600 AF through Metropolitan.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Under the recently adopted CALFED Bay-Delta Framework, a Water Transfers Program will
be initiated whose goal is to " ... encourage the development of a more effective water transfer
market that facilitates water transfers and streamlines the approval process while protecting
water rights, environmental conditions, and local economic interests." This effort will assist
agencies, such as SDCWA, in implementing water transfers from northern and central
California.
Additional transfer supplies for the San Diego region would not only help meet demands
but could also provide lower salinity water for purposes of blending with 11 D transfer water. Water
lower in TDS is required to blend with the higher TDS Colorado River water that will be supplied by
IID in order to achieve a lower overall TDS in SDCWA's supplies.
In 1998, SDCWA's Board of Directors authorized staff to prepare and distribute a request
for proposal (RFP) for additional transfers. SDCWA has explored and will continue to explore
transfer and water storage opportunities throughout California that have the potential to provide
a reliable imported water supply to help meet the region's supplemental water needs. However,
all such programs are dependent on obtaining access to the water conveyance facilities
operated by Metropolitan. SDCWA is taking all steps necessary to obtain access to those
facilities on a fair and equitable basis.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 5 -Water Use Provisions
I 063 1. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with th is chapter and shall do all
of the following:
1063 1 (e) {I) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water
use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and
projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors including, but
not necessarily limited to, all of the fo llowing uses: •
(A) Single-family residential; (B) Multifamily; (C) Commercial; (D) Industrial;
(E) Institutional and governmental; (F) Landscape; (G) Sales to other agencies;
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or
any combination thereof; and (I) Agricultural.
(2) The water use projections shall be in the same 5-year increments to 20 years
or as far as data is available.
Past, Current and Projected Water Use
Water use in the CMWD service area is closely linked to the local economy, population,
and weather. Over the last half century a prosperous local economy has stimulated population
growth , which in turn produced a relatively steady increase in water demand. However, fluctuating
economic and weather conditions in the 1990s and lingering effects from the 1987-1992 drought
resulted in deviations from historic demand patterns. By 1999 a new combination of natural
population increase and job creation surfaced as the primary drivers of long-term water
consumption increases.
TABLE 5-1
Past, Current and Projected Water Use (AFV)
Customer Classification 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Single family residential 5,627 5,017 7,661 8,265 8,944 9,964 11 ,013
Multi-familv residential 1,848 1,714 1,859 1,996 2,160 2,406 2,659
Commercial/Industrial 5,058 2,722 3,472 3,558 3,850 4,289 4,741
Institutional 157 152 164 183 202
Irrigation 2,148 2,352 4,502 4,577 4,953 5,518 6,099
Agriculture 2,233 1,422 1,266 1,171 1,268 1,412 1,561
Recvcled 0 1,086 1,803 1,974 2,136 2,380 2,630
Total 13,384 13,750 16,914 14,313 20,720 21,694 23,475 26,151 28,907
•shaded cells indicate data is not available
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Past, current and projected water use in the CMWD service area as well as the number of
service connections are divided into seven categories: single-family residential, multi-family
residential, commercial/industrial, institutional, irrigation, agriculture and recycled water (see
Tables 5-1 and 5-2).
TABLES-2
Number of Connections by Customer Oassification
Customer Class/flcation 1979 1984 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Single family residential 13,133 14,137 18,035 19,460 21 ,055 23,456 25,919
Multi-familv residential 844 883 901 968 1,047 1,166 1,289
Commercial/Industrial 1,297 1,466 1,788 1,833 1,983 2,209 2,441
Institutional 19 19 56 54 59 65 72
Irrigation 460 751 954 970 1,050 1,169 1,292
Agriculture 79 79 56 52 56 63 69
Recycled Water 0 56 142 155 168 187 207
Total 8,754 11,080 15,832 17,391 21,932 23,492 25,418 28,316 31,289
"Shaded cells indicate data is not available
Residential Sector
Residential water consumption is composed of both indoor and outdoor uses. Indoor
water use includes sanitation, bathing, laundry, cooking and drinking. Most outdoor water use is
to meet landscaping irrigation requirements. Other minor outdoor uses include car washing,
surface cleaning, and similar activities. For single-family residences in Carlsbad, outdoor
demands are as high as 60 percent of total water use.
Carlsbad's housing stock composition in 1999 was 64 percent single-family homes, 31
percent multi-family homes, and 4 percent mobile homes. Single-family residences generally
contain larger landscaped areas, predominantly planted in turf, and require more water for
outdoor application in comparison to other types of housing. The general characteristics of multi-
family and mobile homes limit outdoor landscaping and water use, although some condominium
and apartment developments do contain green belt areas.
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional Sectors
Commercial water demand consists of generally incidental uses but are necessary for
the operation of a business or institution, such as drinking, sanitation and landscape irrigation.
Major commercial water users include service industries such a restaurants, car washes,
laundries and hotels. Statistics indicate that almost 60 percent of Carlsbad's employment base is
in the commercial sector.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Industrial water consumption consists of a wide range of uses, including product
processing and small-scale equipment cooling, sanitation and air conditioning. Water-intensive
industrial uses in Carlsbad, such as electronics manufacturing and biotech research, typically
require smaller amounts of water when compared to other water-intensive industries found
elsewhere in Southern California, such as petroleum refineries, chemical processors, and
canneries.
Institutional water use consists primarily of schools and churches within the service area.
Water use characteristics tend to be similar to commercial uses but based on average daily
attendance. Outdoor use also tends to be somewhat higher for landscaped areas and ball fields.
However, many of these areas tend to be metered separately and categorized as irrigation.
The tourism industry in Carlsbad affects water usage by not only the number of visitors,
but also through the expansion of service industries and attractions, which tend to be larger
outdoor water users. Tourism is primarily concentrated in the summer months and affects
seasonal demand and peaking. Population forecasts do not specifically account for tourism, but
tourism is reflected in the economic forecasts and causes per capita use to increase.
Irrigation Sector
The effects of seasonal differences will have an obvious influence on irrigation demands.
Just ahead of commercial water use, irrigation is the second largest water use in the CMWD
service area. Carlsbad's development over the last decade and a half has brought about the
creation of large amount of irrigated areas with various uses, including medians, slopes,
parkways and parkways. In 2000, seasonal fluctuations range from 16 percent of total demand
in February to over 25 percent in the month of August.
The City of Carlsbad adopted a Landscape Manual in 1990 to assist development
applicants and landscape architects in understanding the City's policies toward landscaping.
Specifically, the manual requires that irrigation systems be designed to provide the optimum
amount of water for plant growth without causing soil erosion or runoff. At the same time, the
document requires that landscape design will include water conservation and alternative (non-
potable) water sources as primary criteria.
Agricultural Sector
Agricultural water use has been decreasing in Carlsbad for the last two decades. In
1982, this sector accounted for over 32 percent of total water demands. In 2000, this figure
averaged only 5.5 percent.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
This sector experiences wide seasonal fluctuations due to weather conditions and timing
of the growing seasons. In March, agriculture accounts for 2.8 percent of total consumption in
comparison to 6 percent in August.
Recycled Water Sector
In 1999, CMWD sold 1,761 acre feet of recycled water. This water was used only by
irrigation customers to water golf courses, median strips and other landscaped areas. Overall,
recycled water use represents almost 10 percent of total water use in the CMWD service area.
As in other sectors, wide seasonal fluctuations occur with recycled water use. In March 2000,
recycled water represented only 2 percent of total water use, while the following June, it
represented almost 13 percent. Recycled water use tends to be lower in the winter months to
avoid potential runoff into lagoons and the ocean during rainy weather.
The City of Carlsbad adopted a Recycled Water Master Plan in 1990 which implements
five phases. The District is currently developing Phase 11. The Master Plan covers the
development of recycled water systems throughout Carlsbad until buildout.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Chapter 6 -Supply and Demand Comparison
Provisions
Law
10635 (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water
management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its
customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply
and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to
the water supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years, in
five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and
multiple dry water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based
upon the information comp iled pursuant to Secti on 1063 1, including available
data from the state, regional, or local agency population projections within the
service area of the urban water supplier.
Supply and Demand Comparison
Table 6-1 compares current, and projected water supply and demand. It indicates that in
average precipitation years, the Carlsbad Municipal Water District has sufficient water to meet its
customers' needs, through 2020. This is based on continued commitment to conservation
programs, additional recycled water becoming available, development of either desalinated
groundwater or seawater, and SDCWA's efforts to reduce our dependence on imported water
supplies from MWD. A breakdown of historic and projected demands is shown in Table 5-1 on
page 23.
TABLE6-1
Projected Supply and Demand Comparison (AFY)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Suooly Sources:
Purchased from SDCWA 16,721 14,806 15,377 18,054 20,809
Groundwater /Seawater 0 3,618 3,618 3,618 3,618
Recycled Water 2,061 3,270 4,480 4,480 4,480
Suoolv totals 20,720 21 ,694 23,475 26,152 28,907
Demand totals 20,720 21,694 23,475 26,152 28,907
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
Dry-Year Water Assessment
The dry-year assessment is shown in Table 6-2 and includes demands and supplies
during a single dry year (2010) and multiple dry water years (2001 , 2002 and 2003). Since
27
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
CMWD's entire potable water demand is met with imported water supplies, we are highly
dependent on SDCWA and MWD to meet our needs during dry years. Fortunately, SDCWA
does not anticipate any water shortages in the dry-year scenarios analyzed.
Studies have shown that hot, dry weather may generate urban water demands that are
about 7 percent greater than normal and agricultural demands that are about 9 percent greater
than normal. These percentages were used to generate the dry year demands shown in Table 6-
2. No extraordinary conservation measures, beyond BMP implementation, are reflected in the
demand projections. The additional supplies necessary to meet future demands in dry years will
be obtained by SDCWA through the development of transfers and the purchase of other
supplies from MWD, as discussed in Chapter 3, and by CMWD through local water resource
programs, such as recycling and seawater desalination.
TABLE6-2
Single Dry Vear and Multiple Dry Water Years (AFV)
Multi ole Drv Water Years
Current Single Dry
Supply Water Year Year 1 Year2 Year3
Water Suoolv Sources 2000 2010 2001 2002 2003
Supply totals 20,720 23,475 20,910 21 ,110 21 ,302
Demand totals 20,720 23,475 20,910 21 ,11 0 21,302
Difference 0 0 0 0 0
28
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Chapter 7 -Water Demand Management Measures
Law
I 063 1 (t) Provide a description of the supplier's water demand management
measures. This description shall include all of the following:
(I) A description of each water demand management measure that is currently
being implemented, or scheduled for implementation, including the steps
necessary to implement any proposed measures, including, but not limited to, all
of the following ...
Demand management, or water conservation, is frequently the lowest-cost resource
available to a water agency, and is a critical part of CMWD's long-term strategy for meeting its
water supply needs. The goals of our water conservation program are to reduce demand for
more expensive, imported water, demonstrate continued commitment to the Best Management
Practices (BMPs) and to ensure a reliable future water supply.
Best Management Practices
The California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) was formed in 1991
through a Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California
(MOU). The urban water conservation practices, or BMPs, included in this MOU are intended to
reduce California's long-term urban water demands.
CMWD is not yet a signatory to the MOU and is therefore not a member of CUWCC. The
District's Board of Directors will vote on the issue of becoming a member of the CUWCC and a
signatory to the MOU in 2001. However, as a retail agency, CMWD is committed to the
implementation of the BMPs. Table 7-1 provides an overview of CMWD's progress in the
implementation of the recently updated BMPs as outlined by the CUWCC.
BMP 1 -Residential Surveys
CMWD has offered water audits to all residential customers since 1991 . These audits
are free of charge and funded entirely by the District. Audit components include: reviewing water
usage history with the customer; checking for leaks inside and outside; checking for low water
use plumbing devices; inspecting irrigation systems; recommending improvements; and
providing conservation literature.
29
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
BMP 2 -Residential Plumbing Retrofit
A City ordinance was adopted in August, 1991 which requires ULFTs in new construction
and retrofits. State legislation effective January 1, 1992 requires the installation of efficient
plumbing in new construction (1.6 gpf toilets; 2.5 gpm showerheads; 1.0 gpf urinals; and 2.2
gpm kitchen/bathroom faucets). State legislation effective January 1, 1994 requires that only
ULFTs be sold in California. CMWD offers free faucet aerators, water-saving showerheads and
toilet tank devices to all customers.
TABLE 7-1
Best Management Practices for Water Conservation in California
BMP# Description Conservation programs by CMWD CMWD
Compliance
1 Residential Surveys . Residential Survey Program Yes
2 Residential Plumbing Retrofit . Showerhead distribution Yes
3 Distribution System Water Audits Yes
4 Metering with Commodity Rates Yes
5 Large Landscape Programs and . Professional Assistance for Landscape Yes
Incentives Management (PALM) Program . Protector Del Agua . Large Turf Program
6 High-Efficiency Clothes Washer . Residential High-Efficiency Clothes Washer (HEW) Yes
Rebates Program
7 Public Information Programs . Quarterly newsletter Yes . Web page: www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us/cserv/water.html . Recycled Water Site Supervisor Training . Water Conservation Literature . Water Awareness Month Celebration
8 School Education Programs . Classroom Presentations Yes . Water Wabbit Puppet Show . Water Conservation Poster Contest . Water Quality Testing Kit . SDCWA/MWD Programs
9 Commercial, Industrial 8-. CII Voucher Program Yes
Institutional (CII) Water
Conservation
10 Wholesale Agency Assistance Not
Programs aoolicable
11 Conservation Pricing . Conservation rates available to all customers Yes
based on usage
12 Water Conservation Coordinator . One and one-half positions Yes
13 Water Waste Prohibition . Carlsbad Water Ethic adopted in 1991 Yes
14 Residential ULFT Replacement . Residential ULFT Voucher Program Yes
Programs . Community Based ULFT Distribution Program
30
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
BMP 3 --Distribution System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair
CMWD reviews monthly water production records and compares the amount of water
produced against the monthly billed consumption records to determine the amount of
unaccounted for water. District employees routinely drive water transmission line routes to
visually look for water leaks. In addition, CMWD has an aggressive meter exchange program
where older, less accurate water meters are exchanged for new, accurate ones. As a result,
CMWD's annual water loss percentage has averaged about 4 percent for the past five years.
BMP 4 --Metering with Commodity Rates
Metering of all water use and billing by volume has long been the standard practice of the
District.
BMP 5 --Large Landscape Programs and Incentives
CMWD's Water Conservation Specialist has been trained to conduct landscape water
audits with in-house equipment and software and has been doing so since 1991. In addition,
since 1990, the District has participated in SDCWA's contractor-operated large landscape
program for landscapes greater than 1 acre. This program provides a thorough survey of the
irrigation system, soils and plant materials, and calculates an irrigation schedule based upon
technology developed by Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.
CMWD also participates in MWD's irrigation training classes for landscape contractors
(in English and Spanish) and for homeowners.
BMP 6 -High-Efficiency Clothes Washer (HEW) RebatesNouchers
CMWD began participating in SDCWA's HEW rebate (now voucher) program in 1998.
This program offers a financial incentive to customers who replace their conventional clothes
washing machine with a water and energy efficient washing machine.
BMP 7 --Public Information Programs
CMWD has an extensive public information program, including: a quarterly newsletter
mailed to all customers, a web site at www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us/cserv/water.html, computerized
landscape advice, water awareness calendars, bill inserts, information on the water bill regarding
previous usage, an annual promotional event at the local mall, various promotional campaigns,
and membership in NCWA, a consortium of 11 water agencies.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
BMP 8 --School Education Programs
CMWD has education programs available for all elementary grade levels, such as: Water
Wabbit (K-1st); annual poster contest (4th); watershed awareness program (2nd & 5th); water
quality education (grade and high school); Admiral Splash (4th); and California Smith, W.I. (6th).
BMP 9 -Commercial, Industrial and Institutional (CII) Water
Conservation
CMWD participates in SDCWA-operated CII program, which provides point-of-purchase
vouchers to CII customers for ultra-low-flush toilets, low-flow and waterless urinals, high
efficiency, coin-operated clothes washers and cooling tower conductivity controllers. Point-of-
purchase vouchers encourage implementation of water saving devices as the voucher reduces
the up-front cost to businesses as well as reducing water, sewer and energy costs for ten or
more years. Reduced utility costs help to create a business-friendly environment and a strong
economy.
BMP 10 -Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
This BMP applies to wholesale agencies only.
BMP 11 --Conservation Pricing
CMWD currently has a conservation rate of $1.44 per unit available to all customer
classifications based on their monthly usage relative to meter size.
BMP 12 -Conservation Coordinator
CMWD has one full-time Water Conservation Specialist and an analyst devoting half-
time to conservation coordination.
BMP 13 --Water Waste Prohibition
In 1991 , CMWD adopted the Carlsbad Water Ethic which specifies responsible water use
and is designed to promote the most reasonable, wise and efficient use of water Carlsbad.
Practices include:
• New landscaping shall incorporate drought-tolerant plant materials and drip irrigation
systems, wherever possible.
• Water can never leave the user's property due to over-irrigation of landscape.
• Watering must be done during the early morning or evening hours to minimize
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
evaporation (between 4:00 p.m. and 9:00 a.m. the following morning).
• All leaks must be investigated and repaired.
• Water cannot be used to clean paved surfaces, such as sidewalks, driveways,
parking areas, etc., except to alleviate immediate safety or sanitation hazards.
• Reclaimed or recycled water shall be used wherever and whenever available.
The District also has an ordinance for water cutbacks that addresses water softeners,
cooling systems, car washes, commercial laundries, and decorative fountains .
BMP 14 -Residential Ultra-Low Flush Toilet Replacement
CMWD began offering rebates worth up to $75 for the replacement of older toilets with
ultra-low-flush toilets in 1990. Since 1991, the District has been participating in SDCWA's rebate
and voucher programs. Through 1999, almost 7,500 rebates or vouchers have been issued to
Carlsbad customers, representing an estimated 300 acre feet in water savings.
33
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 8 -Water Shortage Contingency Plan
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis
which includes each of the following elements which are within the authority of
the urban water supplier. ..
10632 (c) Actions to be undertaken by the urban water supplier to prepare for,
and implement during, a catastrophic interruption of water supplies including,
but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, or other disaster.
The effective management of water supply shortages is an important responsibility of
water agencies in Southern California. Shortages may be caused by droughts, failures of major
water transmission facilities during earthquakes, an acute contamination of supplies due to
chemical spills, or other adverse conditions.
The need for an effective management program to mitigate water supply shortages
arises from CMWD's experiences during the recent drought. The current approach to managing
water shortages has evolved from these drought experiences.
In February, 1992 the CMWD Board of Directors adopted the Urban Water Shortage
Contingency Plan in accordance with State law. CMWD refers to this plan as an operational
guideline in the event of a severe water shortage. As part of the Shortage Contingency Plan,
CMWD adopted Ordinance No. 35, An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Finding the Necessity For and Adopting a Water Conservation Program. This ordinance outlines
water conservation stages during normal periods and periods of water shortages.
As a member agency, CMWD is included as part of the San Diego County Water
Authority's Emergency Response Plan and Emergency Storage Project, both developed in order
to protect public health and safety and to limit economic damage that could occur from a severe
shortage of water supplies. See the San Diego County Water Authority's Urban Water
Management Plan 2000 for more information on these topics.
34
•
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Law
2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis
which includes each of the following elements which are within the authority of
the urban water supplier:
10632 (a) Stages of action to be undertaken by the urban water supplier in
response to water supply shortages, including up to a 50 percent reduction in
water supply and an outline of specific water supply conditions which are
applicable to each stage.
10632 (d) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use
practices during water shortages, including, but not limited to, prohibiting the
use of potable water for street cleaning.
I 0632 (e) Consumption reduction methods in the most restrictive stages. Each
urban water supplier may use any type of consumption reduction methods in its
water shortage contingency analysis that would reduce water use, are appropriate
for its area, and have the ability to achieve a water use reduction consistent with
up to a 50 percent reduction in water supply.
10632 (t) Penalties or charges for excessive use, where applicable.
I 0632 (h) A draft water shortage contingency resolution or ordinance.
I 0632 (i) A mechanism for determining actual reductions in water use pursuant
to the urban water shortage contingency analysis.
An ordinance adopting a water conservation program was adopted by the District's Board
of Directors in 1991 (see Appendix B for complete text of the ordinance). This ordinance outlines
six stages of water alerts that describe different required conservation savings, as shown in
Table 8-1. These conservation savings range from voluntary compliance with reasonable
conservation efforts in Stage 1 to a mandatory 40 percent reduction in Stage 6. For a water
emergency requiring 50 percent reduction in water use, the District falls under SDCWA policy.
Enforcement and penalties for violations of the mandated restrictions are noted in Section 7 of
the ordinance.
Emergency response stage actions become effective when SDCWA declares that it is
unable to provide sufficient water supplies to meet the ordinary demands and requirements of its
member agencies without depleting available water supplies, to the extent that insufficient water
would be available for human consumption, sanitation and fire protection. When SDCWA
announces its stage declaration, CMWD concurrently would declare its corresponding stage.
35
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
TABLE8-1
CMWD Water Conservation Stages
Stage Shortage Condition Customer Reduction Compliance Level
1 Normal Reasonable use Voluntary
2 Water Alert 10% Mandatory
3 Water Warning 15% Mandatory
4 Water Warning 20% Mandatory
5 Water Warning 30% Mandatory
6 Water Warning 40% Mandatory
• For a water emergency reQuiring 50 percent reduction in water use, the District falls under SDCWA policy
Revenue and Expenditure Impacts/Measures to Overcome Impacts
Law
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis
which includes each of the fo llowing elements which are within the authority of
the urban water supplier:
10632 (g) An analysis of the impacts of each of the actions and conditions
described in subdivisions (a) to (t), inclusive, on the revenues and expenditures
of the urban water supplier. ..
I 0632 (g) [ An analysis of the impacts of each of the] proposed measures to
overcome those [revenue and expenditure] impacts, such as the development of
reserves and rate adjustments.
Prior to the implementation of the District's new rate structure in July, 1996, CMWD
derived 83 percent of its revenue from commodity charges. This heavy reliance on variable
revenue left the District vulnerable to fluctuations in water sales. The new rate structure
lessened our reliance on variable charges and shifted revenues to fixed sources such as the
monthly delivery charge.
In the event that revenues are less than required to meet the District's financial
obligations, a reserve fund has been established. Prudent fiscal management requires that
reserve funds be established and maintained at adequate levels to provide short term capital in
case of emergencies. The District's operating reserves represent approximately 40 percent of
annual operating expenses. This balance is necessary because of our dependence on SDCWA
and MWD for our water supply.
In the event of a water emergency, Ordinance No. 35 would be activated to respond to
the level of shortage. At that time, drought response stage actions would go into effect and the
District would be operating with reduced water sales. The amount of decreased revenue would
depend upon the response stage under which the District would operate.
36
•
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Law
Chapter 9 -Water Recycling
I 0633. The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled
water and its potential fo r use as a water source in the service area of the urban
water supplier. To the extent practicable, the preparation of the plan shall be
coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies
and shall include all of the fo llowing:
I 0633 (a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in
the supplier's service area, including a quantificati on of the amount of
wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.
Wastewater System Description
The sewer service area covered by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District includes the
majority of the City of Carlsbad's boundary, with the exception of the southeast corner of the city
(see map on page 38). The estimated year 2000 sewer service population is 55,000 versus a
total City population estimated at 82,000.
Within its service area, CMWD is responsible for wastewater collection and conveyance
to the Encina Water Pollution Control Facility (EWPCF), located in Carlsbad. EWPCF also treats
wastewater from other municipalities, including San Marcos, Vista and parts of Encinitas. The
facility provides for full secondary treatment, sludge handling and disposal through a deep ocean
outfall that extends along the ocean floor to a point 1.5 miles off shore, at a depth of over 150
feet. The treatment levels meet all current State and Federal requirements.
The capacity of EWPCF is approximately 36 mgd. This capacity is owned by six member
agencies that make up the Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA). The City of Carlsbad owns
capacity rights for 9.24 mgd. Currently, CMWD collects and transports an average of 6.25 mgd
(see Table 9-1 for wastewater generation projections to 2020).
TABLE 9-1
CMWD Wastewater Generation Projections (mgd)
Treatment Year Year Year Year Year
Plant 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Encina 6.25 7.29 8.22 8.91 9.26
37
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
OCEANSIDE
Pacific
~,,,Ah, ..... ..,.., • .,. .... ,,~ ..... , .... ,,,,..
Ocean
N
!
OCEANSIDE
VISTA
ENCINITAS
ENCINITAS
--•Legend--•
-Sewer Service Area Boundary
c:===i City of Carlsbad Sewer Service Area
c:===i Vallecitos Water District Sewer Service Area
c::::==J Leucadia County Water District Sewer Service Area
CMWD Sewer Service Area
38
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
Recycled Water Uses
Law
2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
10633. The plan shall provide, to the extent available, infonnation on recycled
water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban
water supplier. To the extent practicable, the preparation of the plan shall be
coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies
and shall include all of the following:
10633 (b) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the
supplier's service area, including but not limited to, the type, place and quantity
of use.
10633 (c) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled
water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation,
wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge,
and other appropriate uses, and a detennination with regard to the technical and
economic feasibility of serving those uses.
I 0633 ( d) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier's service area
at the end of 5, I 0, 15, and 20 years.
Recycled Water Currently Being Used
The City of Carlsbad has approximately 26 miles of recycled distribution pipeline (see
map on page 40). This distribution system currently supplies 65 recycled use sites. The sites
served by recycled water include La Costa Resort and Spa, Four Seasons Resort at Aviara ,
Legoland of California, Grand Pacific Palisades Hotel, Karl Strauss Brewery and the world
renowned Flower Fields. While these are the most recognized sites being supplied with recycled
water, it is also supplied to parks, median strips, shopping areas, freeway landscaping and the
common areas of numerous homeowners associations.
Recycled water is supplied to Carlsbad from two sources: the Meadowlark Treatment
Plant, owned and operated by the Vallecitos Water District, and the Gafner Treatment Plant,
owned and operated by the Leucadia County Water District. These two plants produce
approximately 2. 75 million gallons per day of tertiary treated, disinfected recycled water. As more
recycled water projects come on-line, more recycled water will be available. Within the next
three to five years, the amount of recycled water available to the public will increase by
approximately 6 million gallons per day. Table 9-2 projects recycled water capacity to 2020 for
the Phase II and Ultimate systems.
39
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
Pacific
Ocean
ENCINITAS
Gafner Wat ici.1~"M~~J" Facility
Existing Recycled Water
Distribution System
40
2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Shadowridge Water Reclamation Plant
r-(1 .0MGD)
VISTA
SAN MARCOS
Mahr Reservoir (El. 550)
ENCINITAS
Legent/i--
-Sewer Drainage Basin Boundary
Failsafe Lines
Existing Reclaimed Water Lines
Water Lines Available for
Reclaimed Use
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
TABLE 9-2
CMWD Projected Recycled Water Capacity (AFY)
Recycled Year Year Year Year Year
System Phase 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Phase II 2,800 5,600 8,960 8,960 8,960
Ultimate 2,800 8,960 13,440 17,920 22,400
Potential Uses of Recycled Water/Technical and Economic Feasibility Analysis
Potential recycled water markets are locations where recycled water could replace
potable water use. These potential markets are typically landscape or agricultural irrigation
systems, or possibly industrial water users. This section discusses previous market
assessments and current customer assessment including the results of an irrigation meter
survey within the District, and recommended service areas for Phase II of the recycled water
distribution system, as well as the ultimate system.
Previous Assessments
In 1990, the Carlsbad Reclaimed Water Master Plan identified market types and then
researched potential recycled water markets using past studies, water meter records, irrigation
meter records, and assistance from the City's planning department. Market types included the
following: agricultural, golf course, freeway, land development and park irrigation; industrial and
commercial uses; groundwater recharge and lagoon and stream enhancement. Specific
potential customers were listed, along with an estimate of recycled water use at that site.
Potential markets identified in the 1990 Master Plan were primarily sites requiring
landscape irrigation. Approximately 6,000 AFY was projected for potential recycled water
irrigation in 1995, and approximately 10,700 AFY was projected for 2015. Stream and lagoon
enhancement and groundwater recharge were not considered to be viable projects in the 1990
Master Plan.
The 1997 Master Plan Update reviewed the previous assessment of potential recycled
water markets. Planned land development had changed in some areas of Carlsbad; some
markets identified in the 1990 Master Plan had been changed to designated open space for
habitat management, and some potential markets no longer existed . However, the updated list
of potential recycled water markets included 208 sites throughout the City, including markets
41
•
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
outside of the District's service area, and projected an ultimate irrigation use of approximately
11 ,000 AFY, within 2.8 percent of the 1990 Master Plan projection. No use of groundwater
recharge or stream/lagoon enhancement was addressed in the update, except for storage at
Lake Calavera.
Current Customer Assessment
To define the Phase II and Ultimate distribution systems, an updated look at potential
recycled water customers was required. Using the 1997 Master Plan Update list of potential and
existing markets as a basis for the current assessment, the information was evaluated for
accuracy. The District also provided current recycled irrigation meter records for existing Phase I
customers for evaluating average and peak month recycled water demands.
The District's preliminary financial analyses are based on recycled water sales of 5,000
AFY by the year 2008. Based on further financial analysis, it was determined that recycled water
sales of 5,400 AFY is a more favorable goal and comfortably satisfies the SWRCB funding
criteria. In addition, the District is participating in MWD's Local Resources Program (LRP), which
requires reliable and achievable demand projections. Furthermore, overestimating potential
demands, including peak usages, could result in oversized facilities and excessive capital cost.
Therefore, an irrigation meter record survey was conducted to better assess the recycled water
market and potential demand.
Irrigation Meter Record Survey. The District had previously maintained an AutoCAD drawing
of each potable water meter location in its water system, which does not include the City area
not served by CMWD. The District updated this drawing and provided it in order to facilitate a
detailed irrigation meter record survey. These data were converted into a Geographic
Information System (GIS) coverages where each irrigation meter was graphically linked to its
unique account number. The District then provided one year of potable irrigation records that
was converted to an average annual demand for every irrigation meter.
Approximately 850 irrigation meter accounts were surveyed from the GIS coverage and
linked database. The irrigation meters were then grouped into subareas throughout the District's
service area to determine where the largest potential demand areas were located. The software
program "ArcCAD" was utilized to intersect the subareas with the meter accounts to provide an
average annual demand for each subarea and a total District-wide demand.
In summary, the District currently serves approximately 3 mgd (3,300 AFY) of irrigation
demand using potable water. Thus, if sufficient recycled water supply is available, the District
42
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
could actually meet its Phase 11 goal by converting current irrigation services to the recycled
system. However, in many cases these demands are located a long distance from the existing
recycled system such that it is not cost effective to connect.
In reviewing the database, many irrigation meters serve a low annual demand that may
not be economical to convert from potable to recycled water. It is also possible that some
existing landscape areas may not wish to use recycled water due to stringent water quality
requirements. For example, despite recycled water being currently available at these
developments, irrigation meters at both Aviara and La Costa developments were connected to
the potable system, due possibly to water quality or other onsite requirements. Some flower
growers also require very high quality water that may only be achievable through further onsite
treatment of recycled water. For these reasons, it is recommended that the District design its
Phase II recycled water system to serve a potential demand of at least 10 to 15 percent over the
revenue goal of 5,400 AFY.
Comparison to Previous Assessments. In reviewing the previous market assessments,
several customers appeared to have overestimated demands when compared to actual irrigation
usage. For example, the potential recycled water demand at the Olympic Resort and Hotel was
previously estimated based on an irrigated area of 130 acres. Based on existing potable
irrigation records and site reconnaissance (the irrigation is used for a driving range, not a golf
course), the actual irrigated area appears to be less than 10 acres, which correlates to the actual
demand of approximately 15 AFY. (Previous estimates were about 400 AFY.)
The Rancho Carlsbad Golf Course showed a low potable irrigation use for the
approximate 35 acre site. District staff confirmed that groundwater is used for onsite irrigation,
resulting in the current low potable demand. This user may be reluctant to convert to recycled
water use due to economics, presuming the cost to pump groundwater is much less than
recycled water costs. Because of the high potential demand (over 100 AFY), the District should
ultimately consider this site for recycled water. For study purposes, the market assessment
included this site, as an ultimate customer, with a demand of 100 AFY.
Summary of Key Findings. It became apparent, based on the potable irrigation meter survey,
that the following subareas within the District provided significant potential recycled water
demand:
• Calavera Hills (100 AFY)
• Carlsbad Research Center (125 AFY)
43
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• Homeowner Associations just east of Interstate 5 (100 AFY)
• Carrillo Ranch (Continental Homes) (200 AFY)
• District Office Area (150 AFY)
These areas were generally in close proximity to existing recycled pipelines or have
already been dual plumbed to accept recycled water. Thus, these areas became primary target
service areas for the Phase II distribution system. Those customers (typically residential
developments) that were constructed after 1993, have been dual plumbed, as required by the
District. These potential recycled water customers are expected to be served as soon as
recycled water becomes available and should be a priority for designing the Phase II distribution
system. No significant retrofitting of these proposed customers is expected to be required.
Proposed Phase II Customers
To satisfy conditions of financial assistance from MWD's LRP, the District is required to
sell approximately 5,400 acre feet per year of recycled water by 2008. The existing recycled
water system serves approximately 2,000 AFY (including La Costa Golf Course South, which
receives recycled water directly from Gafner); therefore, the Phase II distribution system must
reach enough customers to satisfy an additional recycled water demand of approximately 3,400
AFY. This equates to approximately 1,400 acres of irrigated landscape area assuming an
application rate of 2.5 AFY per acre.
To begin the Phase II market evaluation, the list of all potential recycled water customers
from the 1997 Master Plan Update was reviewed and updated. Projected demands were revised
for existing customers on the list that are now being served with potable water based on recent
irrigation meter data. A few additional customers were also added based on a review of recent
development plans.
Initially, a distribution system was proposed that would expand the existing recycled
water pipeline network and serve all potential recycled customers. This distribution system was
then optimized, creating a Phase II system that would meet the re-use goal with a minimum
number of new recycled water facilities. The proposed Phase II Recycled Water System was
then refined by investigating several different pipeline alternatives, hydraulic computer
simulations, and incorporating comments from City and District staff.
The largest potential customers for the Phase 11 system are identified as follows :
• Carlsbad Municipal Golf Course (385 AFY)
Kelly Ranch (216 AFY)
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• La Costa Residential Areas (170 AFY and 177 AFY, the Ridge and Oaks)
• Green Valley (155 AFY).
• Calavera Hills (additional 100 AFY)
These customers represent major land development projects under construction or
anticipated to be under construction over the next two years. These five largest users within the
Phase II system represent over 40 percent of the potential demand on the expanded distribution
system. Therefore, the financial success of the Phase II program will greatly depend on the full
development of these larger customers. In reviewing the potential Phase II customers, the
District also should focus on developing recycled water customer demands in excess of 50 AFY
in the early years of the Phase II program because they represent more than 75 percent of the
estimated potential demand.
Potential demand of approximately 900 AFY was included from the potable irrigation
meter survey. This demand represents irrigation meter locations along existing or proposed
Phase II recycled pipelines. It becomes apparent that multiple irrigation meters exist for the
same customer or site. By grouping those meters, Table 9-3 presents a summary of the larger
irrigation users currently being served by the potable system. Through grouping, these
customers become a high priority for conversion to recycled water.
TABLE 9-3
Phase II Summary of Large Potable Water Irrigation Customers
Average Annual Irrigation
Customer Demand (AFY)
Carrillo Ranch (Continental Ranch) 213
Carlsbad Municipal Water District 153
Carlsbad Research Center 125
Calavera Hills 100
San Diego Specialty 60
Carlsbad Crest HOA 35
Alta Mira HOA 30
Upland Industries Corporation 30
OVLC Management Company OBA 20
Callaway Golf 20
Las Playas HOA 14
Western Pacific Homes 11
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Ultimate Customers
The Ultimate System will serve over 22,000 AFY of recycled water in the year 2020. The
largest customers within the Ultimate System include the future Carlsbad Ranch Golf Course
(400 AFY), La Costa Residential areas (372 AFY), and the Carlsbad Oaks Industrial Park (228
AFY). Approximately 1,000 AFY of potable irrigation meters were identified as potential recycled
water customers.
Many of these water customers are ready to be connected to the recycled water system
now. However, due to Phase II pipeline routing economics, some of these customers are better
served in the Ultimate System . A few potential customers were also eliminated from the
distribution system due to their remote location, and associated high incremental cost of
connecting pipel ines.
Encouraging Recycled Water Use
Law
I 0633. The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled
water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban
water supplier. To the extent practicable, the preparation of the plan shall be
coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies
and shall include all of the following:
10633 (e) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be
taken to encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these
actions in terms of acre-fee t of recycled water used per year.
10633 (f) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier's
service area, including actions to faci litate the installation of dual distribution
systems and to promote recirculating uses.
Encouraging and optimizing recycled water use in the CMWD service area involves a
combination of financial incentives, city pol icies, staff assistance and training opportunities.
Financial Incentives
CMWD currently subsidizes the use of recycled water by giving recycled users a 5
percent discount off potable water rates. The current rate for recycled users is $1.52 per unit
(one unit= 748 gallons).
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
City Policies
It is the policy of the District that recycled water shall be used within the jurisdiction
wherever its use is economically justified, financially and technically feasible, and consistent with
legal requirements, preservatipn of public health, safety and welfare, and the environment. This
policy requires the District to prepare and adopt a Recycled Water Master Plan to define,
encourage and develop the use of recycled water, and to update this plan no less than every five
years.
City policy, as established in 1990 (see Appendix C), requires that recycled water be
used on all new land use developments proposed in Carlsbad for all State-approved non-potable
uses, if and when available. The installation of dual irrigation systems and connections to
recycled water sources is also required and subject to the conditions of the District's Recycled
Water Master Plan.
Staff Assistance
CMWD has a Cross Control Connection Technician who reviews on-site irrigation
systems to verify no cross connections have occurred between the potable and recycled water
systems. In addition, reviews are made to eliminate overspray and nuisance problems. To date,
no major problems have occurred. A quarterly report is submitted to the San Diego Regional
Water Quality Control Board on any field tests and observations. For businesses, cross
connection tests are often performed at night to reduce impacts on their operations and
customers.
User guidelines have been established by CMWD in conjunction with the San Diego
County Health Department which are intended to provide the basic parameters for the use of
recycled water in landscape irrigation. These guidelines include:
1. Irrigation between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. only.
2. Irrigation in a manner that will minimize run-off, pooling and ponding.
3. Adjustment of spray heads to eliminate overspray onto areas not under the control of the
user.
4. Monitoring and maintenance of the system to minimize equipment and material failure.
5. Education of all maintenance personnel on a continuous basis as to the presence of
recycled water and for what purposes it is allowed to be used.
6. Prior approval by the District of all proposed changes and modifications to any private
facilities.
7. An annual cross connection inspection.
8. Designation of an on-site supervisor, in writing, who is familiar with the plumbing system,
basic concepts of backflow/cross connection protection and the specific requirements of
a recycled water system. •
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Training
Each year, CMWD hosts a one-day certified course designed to provide irrigation
supervisors with a basic understanding of recycled water. This class is sponsored by the San
Diego County Water Authority. Completion of the Recycled Water Site Supervisor Training fulfills
the training requirement as mandated by regulatory authorities. The class provides information
to supervisors on the water recycling process, recycled water quality and safety issues, the
duties and responsibilities of the supervisor, landscape irrigation fundamentals, maintenance
and management, and cross connection control shut-down tests and inspections. Understanding
similarities and differences between recycled and potable water is important to the successful
operation of a recycled water system.
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APPENDIX A
RESOLUTION NO. 1110
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE
CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
WHEREAS, the 2000 Urban Water Management Plan has been prepared by the
Carlsbad Municipal Water District in conformance with the Urban Water Management Planning
Act contained in the California Water Code Sections 10610 et. Seq.; and
WHEREAS, a public hearing was held on this day to receive public comment regarding
the Plan and the Plan amended as directed;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Directors of the Carlsbad
Municipal Water District, as follows:
1. That the above recitations are true and correct.
2. That the 2000 Urban Water Management Plan is adopted.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a special meeting of the Board of Directors of
the Carlsbad Municipal Water District held on the 12th day of December , 2000 by the
following vote, to wit:
AYES: Board Members Lewis, Hall, Finnila, Nygaard and Kulchin
NOES: None
ABSENT: None
CLAUDE A. LEWIS, President
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APPENDIX B
Ordinance No. 35
An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District Finding the
Necessity For and Adopting A Water Conservation Program
Section 1. Declaration of Policy. California Water Code Sections 375 et. seq. permit public
entities which supply water at retail to adopt and enforce a water conservation program to
reduce the quantity of water used by the people therein for the purpose of conserving the water
supplies of such public entity. The Board hereby establishes a comprehensive water
conservation program pursuant to California Water Code Sections 375 et seq., based upon the
need to conserve water supplies and to avoid or minimize the effects of any future shortage.
Section 2. Findings. The Board finds and determines that a water shortage could exist based
upon the occurrence of one or more of the following conditions:
(a) A general water supply shortage due to increased demand or limited supplies.
(b) Distribution or storage facilities of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California. the San Diego County Water Authority, the District, or other agencies
become temporarily or permanently inadequate.
The Board also finds and determines that the conditions prevailing in the San Diego
County area require that the water sources available be put to maximum beneficial use to the
extent to which they are capable, and that the waste or unreasonable use, or unreasonable
method of use, of water be prevented and that the conservation of such water be encouraged
with a view to the maximum reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interest of the people of
the District and for the public welfare.
Section 3. Application. The provisions of this ordinance shall apply to all water served to
persons, customers, and property by the District.
Section 4. Authorization. The District General Manager, or a designated representative, is
hereby authorized and directed to implement the provisions of this ordinance. Additionally, the
General Manager, or designated representative is hereby authorized to make minor and limited
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exceptions to prevent undue hardship or unreasonable restrictions, provided that water shall not
be wasted or used unreasonably and the purpose of this ordinance can be accomplished.
Section 5. Water Conservation Stages. No person shall knowingly use water or permit the
use of water supplied by the District for commercial, industrial, agricultural, governmental, or any
other purpose in a manner contrary to any provision of this ordinance, in an amount in excess of
the amounts authorized by this ordinance or during any period of time other than the periods of
time specified in this ordinance. At no time shall water be wasted or used unreasonably.
Unreasonable uses of water are those that violate the Carlsbad Water Ethic, a policy
adopted by the Board to establish a list of prudent water uses to be followed regardless of the
availability of local or imported water supplies.
The following stages shall take effect upon declaration as herein provided:
(a) Stage 1 -Voluntary Compliance -Water Watch.
Stage 1 applies during normal periods to encourage conservation by the reasonable use
of water in accordance with the Carlsbad Water Ethic.
(b) Stage 2 -Enforcement Required -Water Alert.
Stage 2 applies during periods that the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 10% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers, either
now or in the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 2 should result in an average of 10%
reduction in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration. Specific
mandated restrictions in water use for Stage 2 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed water or non-potable
water, if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 2 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the developer
• will be required to certify that a 10% reduction of the projected average water usage for
that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be requited to present
a Plan to identify how 10% of the projected average water usage generated by the
development will be offset by reduction in water use by existing customers. The Plan
must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation guaranteed before a
building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be guaranteed by
installation or construction of the required improvements, or through payments of fees
as determined by the General Manager.
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(c) Stage 3 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 3 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 15% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now or in
the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 3 should result in a minimum of 15% reduction
in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration. Specific mandated
restrictions in water use for Stage 3 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed water or non-potable
water, if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 3 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the developer
will be required to certify that a 15% reduction of the projected average water usage for
that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be required to present
a Plan to identify how 15% of the projected average water usage generated by the
development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers. The Plan
must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation guaranteed before a
building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be guaranteed by
installation or construction of the required improvements, or through payments of fees
as determined by the General Manager.
(d) Stage 4 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 4 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 20% in order lo meet all of the water demands of its customers now or in
the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 4 should result in a minimum of 20% reduction
in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration. Specific mandated
restrictions in water use for Stage 4 are as follows:
1) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed water or non-potable
water, if available.
2) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 4 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the developer
will be required to certify that a 20% reduction of the projected average water usage for
that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2a), developer shall be required to present
a Plan to identify how 20% of the projected average water usage generated by the
development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers. The Plan
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must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation guaranteed before a
building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be guaranteed by
installation or construction of the required improvements, or through payments of fees
as determined by the General Manager.
(e) Stage 5 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 5 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 30% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now or in
the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 5 should result in a minimum of 30% reduction
in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration. Specific restrictions
in water use for Stage 5 are as follows:
1) Landscape (except residential) -Eliminate watering of ornamental turf areas. Water only
actively used turf areas no more than twice per week. Trees and shrubs may be watered
only twice per week using a hand held hose with a positive shutoff nozzle or drip irrigation.
Use of reclaimed water, however, is exempt.
2) Household and Household Members (Residential landscapes) -Water no more than
twice per week using only hand held hose with positive shutoff nozzle or drip irrigation
systems. Eliminate sprinkler use.
3) Construction Usage -All construction water must be reclaimed or non-potable. Issuance
of construction meters will be only for testing and disinfection of potable waterlines.
4) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 5 and prior to the issuance of any building permit, the
developer will be required to certify that a 30% reduction of the projected average water
usage for that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 4a), developer shall be required to present
a Plan to identify how 30% of the projected average water usage generated by the
development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers. The Plan
must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation guaranteed before a
building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be guaranteed by
installation or construction of the required improvements, or through payments of fees
as determined by the General Manager.
(f} Stage 6 -Enforcement Required -Water Warning.
Stage 6 applies during periods when the District determines that water usage should be
reduced approximately 40% in order to meet all of the water demands of its customers now or in
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the foreseeable future. Implementation of Stage 6 should result in a minimum of 40% reduction
in water use from a base period to be determined at the time of declaration. Specific mandated
restrictions in water use for Stage 6 are as follows:
1) Landscape (except residential) -Same requirements as Stage 5 plus irrigate playing
fields only.
2) Household and Household Members (Residential landscapes) -Same as Stage 5 and
no outside irrigation except with water reclaimed from indoor use with hand held bucket to
effect a 40% cutback.
3) Construction Usage -Same as Stage 5.
4) Development Construction -
a) After declaration of Stage 5 and prior to issuance of any building permit, the developer
will be required to certify that a 40% reduction of the projected average water usage for
that development shall be achieved.
b) In addition to the requirements in paragraph 4a), developer shall be required to present
a Plan to identify how 40% of the projected average water usage generated by the
development will be offset by reductions in water use by existing customers. The Plan
must be approved by the General Manager and its implementation guaranteed before a
building permit will be issued. The Plan implementation may be guaranteed by
installation or construction of the required improvements, or through payments of fees
as determined by the General Manager.
Section 6. Implementation of Conservation Stages. The District shall monitor the projected
supply and demand for water by its customers on a daily basis. The Manager shall determine the
extent of the conservation required through the implementation and/or termination of particular
conservation stages in order for the District to prudently plan for and supply water to its
customers. Thereafter the Manager may order that the appropriate stage of water conservation
be implemented or terminated in accordance with the applicable provision of this Ordinance. The
declaration of any stage beyond Stage 1 shall be made by a mass mailing and public
announcement and notice shall be published a minimum of three (3) consecutive times in a
newspaper of general circulation. The stage designated shall become effective immediately
upon announcement. The declaration of any stage beyond Stage 1 shall be reported to the
Board at its next meeting. The Board shall thereupon ratify the declaration, rescind the
declaration, or direct the declaration of a different stage.
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Section 7. Penalty.
(a) Penalties. It shall be unlawful for any customer of the District to fail to comply with any of
the provisions of this ordinance and of the Carlsbad Water Ethic. Failure to comply with
any of the provisions of this Ordinance and of the Carlsbad Water Ethic shall be as follows:
1) For the first violation by any customer of any of the provisions of this Ordinance or the
Carlsbad Water Ethic, the District shall verbally notice the fact of such violation to the
customer.
2) For a second violation by any customer of any of the provisions of this Ordinance or the
Carlsbad Water Ethic, the District shall issue a personal notice of the fact of such
violation to the customer.
3) For a third violation by a customer of any provision of this ordinance or the Carlsbad
Water Ethic, the District may install a flow restricting device of one gallon per minute ( 1
GPM) capacity for services of up to one and one-half inch size and comparatively sized
restrictors for larger services upon a prior determination that the customer has
repeatedly violated the provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic
regarding the conservation of water and that such action is reasonably necessary to
assure compliance with this ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic regarding the
conservation of water. Such action shall be taken only after a hearing held by the
District Manager or designee, where the customer has an opportunity to respond to the
District's information or evidence that the customer has repeatedly violated the
provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad water Ethic regarding the conservation of
water and that such action is reasonably necessary to assure compliance with this
ordinance and the Carlsbad Water Ethic regarding the conservation of water.
As determined by the General Manager any such restricted service may be restored
upon application of the customer made not less than forty-eight (48) hours after the
implementation of the action restricting service and only upon a showing by the
customer that the customer is ready, willing and able to comply with the provisions of
this Ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic regarding the conservation of water. Prior
to any restoration of service, the customer shall pay all District charges for any
restriction of service and its restoration as provided for in the District's rules governing
water service.
Any willful tampering with or removal of any flow restriction device shall result in
termination of service for a period to be determined by the General Manager.
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(b) NDtice. The District shall give notice of each violation to the customer committing such
violation as follows:
1) For any violation of the provisions of this Ordinance or the Carlsbad Water Ethic, the
District may give written notice of the fact of such violation to the customer personally
or by U. S. mail, first class, registered postage paid.
2) If the penalty assessed is, or includes, the installation of a flow restrictor to the
customer, notice of the violation shall be given in the following manner:
a. By giving written notice thereof to the customer personally; or
b. If the customer be absent from or unavailable at either his place of residence or his
assumed place of business, by leaving a copy with some person of suitable age
and discretion at either place, and sending a copy through the U.S. mail, first class,
registered postage prepaid, addressed to the customer at his place of business,
residence, or such other address provided by the customer for bills for water or
electric service if such can be ascertained; or
c. If such place or residence, business or other address cannot be ascertained, or a
person of suitable age or discretion at any such place cannot be found, then by
affixing a copy in a conspicuous place on the property where the failure to comply is
occurring and also be delivering a copy to a person of suitable age and discretion
there residing, or employed, if such person can be found, and also sending a copy
through the U.S. mail, first class, registered postage prepaid, addressed to the
customer at the place where the property is situated as well as such other address
provided by the customer for bills for water or electric service if such can be
ascertained.
Said notice shall contain, in addition to the facts of the violation, a statement of the
possible penalties for each violation and statement informing the customer of his
right to a hearing on the violation.
(c) Appeals. Any customer against whom a penalty is levied pursuant to this section shall
have a right to an appeal, in the first instance to the District General Manager or designee with
the right of appeal to the District's Water Commissioners, on the merits of the alleged violation,
upon written request of that customer to the District within fifteen days of the date of notification
of the violation.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
APPENDIX C
Ordinance No. 31
An Ordinance of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District Mandating Use
of Reclaimed Water
WHEREAS, the people of the state of California have a primary interest in the
development of facilities to reclaim water containing waste to supplement existing surface and
underground water supplies and to assist in meeting the future water requirements of the state;
and (California Water Code Section 13510); and
WHEREAS, conservation of all available water resources requires the maximum reuse
of wastewater for beneficial uses of water; and (Water Code Section 461); and
WHEREAS, continued use of potable water for irrigation of greenbelt areas may be an
unreasonable use of such water where reclaimed water is available;
NOW, THEREFORE, the District does hereby ordain:
Section 1: Findings
The state policies described above are in the best interest of the District. The majority of
jurisdictions in San Diego County have adopted measures to promote water reclamation. This
ordinance is necessary to protect the common water supply of the region which is vital to public
health and safety, and to prevent endangerment of public and private property. San Diego
County is highly dependent on limited imported water for domestic agricultural and industrial
uses. The reliability of the supply of imported water is uncertain. By developing and utilizing
reclaimed water, the need for additional imported water can be reduced. In light of these
circumstances, certain uses of potable water may be considered unreasonable or to constitute a
nuisance where reclaimed water is available or production of reclaimed water is unduly impaired.
Reclaimed water would be more readily available in seasons of drought when the supply of
potable water for nonessential uses may be uncertain.
Section 2: Water Reclamation Policy
It is the policy of the District that reclaimed water shall be used within the jurisdiction wherever its
use is economically justified, financially and technically feasible, and consistent with legal
requirements, preservation of public health, safety and welfare, and the environment.
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Section 3: Definitions
The following terms are defined for purposes of this ordinance:
3.1 Agricultural Purposes: agricultural purposes include the growing of field and nursery crops,
row crops, trees, and vines and the feeding of fowl and livestock.
3.2 Artificial Lakes: A human-made lake, pond, lagoon, or other body of water that is used
wholly or partly for landscape, scenic or non-contact recreational purposes.
3.3 Commercial Office Buildings: Any building for office or commercial uses with water
requirements which include, but are not limited to, landscape irrigation, toilets, urinals and
decorative fountains.
3.4 Reclaimed Water Distribution Systems: A piping system intended for the delivery of
reclaimed water separate from and in addition to the potable water distribution system.
3.5 Greenbelt Areas: A greenbelt area includes, but is not limited to, golf courses, cemeteries,
parks and landscaping.
3.6 Industrial Process Water: Water used by any industrial facility with process water
requirements which include, but are not limited to, rinsing, washing, cooling and circulation, or
construction, including any facility regulated by the Industrial Waste Discharge Ordinance
regulated by Chapter 13.16 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code.
3.7 Off-Site Facilities: Water facilities from the source of supply to the point of connection with
the on-site facilities, normally up to and including the water meter.
3.8 On-Site Facilities: Water facilities under the control of the owner, normally downstream from
the water meter.
3.9 Potable Water: Water which conforms to the federal, state and local standards for human
consumption.
3.10 Reclaimed Water: Reclaimed water means water which, as a result of treatment of
wastewater, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or controlled use that would not otherwise
occur. (See Water Code Section 13050(n).)
3.11 Waste Discharge: Waste discharge means water deposited, released or discharged into a
sewer system from any commercial, industrial or residential source which contains levels of any
substance or substances which may cause substantial harm to any water treatment or
reclamation facility or which may prevent any use of reclaimed water authorized by law.
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Section 4: Water Reclamation Master Plan
4.1 General: Upon adoption of this ordinance, the District shall prepare and adopt by resolution
a Water Reclamation Master Plan to define, encourage, and develop the use of reclaimed water
within its boundaries. The Master Plan shall be updated not less often than every five years.
4.2 Contents Of The Reclamation Master Plan: The Master Plan will include the following:
4.2.1 Plants and Facilities. Evaluation of the location and size of present and future
reclamation treatment plants, distribution pipelines, pump stations, reservoirs, and other
related facilities, including cost estimates and potential financing methods .
4.2.2 Reclaimed Water Service Areas. A designation of the lands within the District
service area that can or may in the future use reclaimed water in lieu of potable water.
Reclaimed water uses may include, but are not limited to, the irrigation of greenbelt and
agricultural areas, filling of artificial lakes, and appropriate industrial and commercial
uses.
4.2.3 Quality Of Water To Be Reclaimed. For each water reclamation treatment facility,
an evaluation of water quality with respect to the effect on anticipated uses of reclaimed
water to be served by each treatment facility.
4.2.4 Water Quality Protection Measures. Recommended control measures and
management practices to maintain or improve the quality of reclaimed water.
4.2.5 Mandatory Reclaimed Water Use. Within the reclaimed water service area, a
description of where greenbelt irrigation, agricultural irrigation, commercial office
buildings, filling of artificial lakes, or industrial processes can be limited to the use of
reclaimed water. This information can be used by District officials to mandate
construction of reclaimed water distribution systems or other facilities in new and existing
developments for current or future reclaimed water use as a condition of any
development approval or continued water service if future reclamation facilities are
proposed in the Master Plan that could adequately serve the development.
4.2.6 Rules and Regulations. Establish by resolution, general rules and regulations
governing the use and distribution of reclaimed water.
4.2. 7 Coordination Among Agencies. An examination of the potential for initiating a
coordinated effort between the Carlsbad Municipal Water District and other regional
agencies to share in the production and utilization of reclaimed water.
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Section 5. Procedures
5.1 Existing Potable Water Service:
5.1.1 Preliminary Determination. Based upon the Master Plan, upon the designation of
each reclaimed water service area or the commencement of the design of new reclaimed
water facilities, the District shall make preliminary determinations as to which existing
potable water customers shall be converted to the use of reclaimed water. Each water
customer shall be notified of the basis for a determination that conversion to reclaimed
water service will be required, as well as the proposed conditions and of the need for a
plan of implementation for such conversion.
5.1.2 Notice. The notice of the preliminary determination, including the proposed
conditions and time schedule for compliance, and a reclaimed water permit application
shall be sent to the water customer by certified mail.
5.1.3 Implementation. The water customer shall be required to submit a plan of
implementation to the Carlsbad Municipal Water District's General Manager within ninety
(90) days after receipt of the notice of preliminary determination. The plan of
implementation shall describe in detail how the water customer intends to retrofit his
water facilities to use reclaimed water in accordance with all Federal, State and local
laws and public health guidelines. Staff shall provide the water customer upon request a
copy of its "Rules and Regulations for Reclaimed Water Service" for use in preparing the
required plan of implementation. Carlsbad Municipal Water District's General Manager
shall have the authority to approve the water customer's plan of implementation within
thirty (30) days after it is submitted to the District. Once approved, the plan of
implementation must be implemented within one (1) year by the water customer. If more
than one (1) year is required by the water customer to implement the required plan of
implementation, an appeal may be made to the Carlsbad Municipal Water District's
Water Commission for their recommendations to the Board of Directors by submitting
such appeal in writing to the General Manager of the District.
5.1.4 Objections; Appeals. The water customer may file a notice of objection with the
District within thirty (30) days after any notice of determination to comply is delivered or
mailed to the customer, and may request reconsideration of the determination or
modification of the proposed conditions or schedule for conversion. The objection must
be in writing and specify the reasons for the objection. The preliminary determination
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shall be final if the customer does not file a timely objection. The General Manager or his
designee, shall review the objection with the objector, and shall confirm, modify or
abandon the preliminary determination.
5.2 Development and Water Service Approvals:
5.2.1 Conditions. Upon application by a developer, owner or water customer (herein
referred to as "applicant") for a tentative map, subdivision map, land use permit, or other
development project as defined by Government Code Section 65928, staff shall review
the Master Plan and make a preliminary determination whether the current or proposed
use of the subject property is required to be served with reclaimed water or to include
facilities designed to accommodate the use of reclaimed water in the future. Based upon
such determination, use of reclaimed water and provision of reclaimed water distribution
systems or other facilities for the use of reclaimed water, and application for a permit for
such use may be required as a condition of approval of any such application, in addition
to any other conditions of approval.
5.2.2 Alterations and Remodeling. On a case by case basis, upon application for a
permit for the alteration or remodeling of multi-family, commercial or industrial
structures (including, for example, hotels), staff shall review the Master Plan and make a
preliminary determination whether the subject property shall be required to be served
with reclaimed water or to include facilities designed to accommodate the use of
reclaimed water in the future. Based upon such determination, use of reclaimed water
and provision of reclaimed water distribution systems or other facilities for the use of
reclaimed water, and application for a permit for such use, may be required as a
condition of approval of the application.
5.2.3 Notice Of Determination. A notice of the basis for the preliminary determination,
proposed conditions of approval and schedule for compliance shall be provided to the
applicant prior to approval of the development application.
5.2.4 Requested Service. On a case by case basis, upon application for a permit to use
reclaimed water on a property not covered by Sections 5.1.1, 5.2.1, or 5.2.2 above, staff
shall review the Master Plan and make a determination whether the subject property
shall be served with reclaimed water. Based upon such determination, the application for
the permit shall be accepted and processed subject to Section 5.3.
5.3 Reclaimed Water Permit Process: Upon a final determination by the General Manager that a
property shall be served with reclaimed water, or adoption of a condition of development
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approval requiring use or accommodation of the use of reclaimed water, the water customer,
owner or applicant shall obtain a reclaimed water permit.
5.3.1 Permit Conditions. The permit shall specify the design and operational
requirements for the applicant's water distribution facilities and schedule for compliance,
based on the rules and regulations adopted pursuant to Section 4.2.6 and shall require
compliance with both the California Department of Health Services Wastewater
Reclamation Criteria (see California Code of Administrative Regulations, Title 22), and
requirements of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board .
5.3.2 Plan Approval. Plans for the reclaimed and non-reclaimed water distribution
systems for the parcel shall be reviewed by the staff and a field inspection conducted
before the permit is granted.
5.3.3 Permit Issuance. Upon approval of plans the permit shall be issued. Reclaimed
water shall not be supplied to a property until inspection by staff determines that the
applicant is in compliance with the permit conditions.
5.4 Temporary Use Of Potable Water: At the discretion of the General Manager, potable water
may be made available on temporary basis until reclaimed water is available. Before the
applicant receives temporary potable water, a water reclamation permit, as described in Section
5.3, must be obtained for new on-site distribution facilities. Prior to commencement of reclaimed
water service, an inspection of the on-site facilities will be conducted to verify that the facilities
have been maintained and are in compliance with the reclaimed water permit and current
requirements for service. Upon verification of compliance, reclaimed water shall be served to the
parcel for the intended use. If the facilities are not in compliance, the applicant shall be notified
of the corrective actions necessary and shall have sixty (60) days to take such actions prior to
initiation of enforcement proceedings .
5.5 Reclaimed Water Rate: The rate charged for reclaimed water shall be established by
resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 6. Regulation of Brine Discharge to Sewage Systems
6.1 Intent: The Carlsbad Municipal Water District recognizes that to maintain adequate
wastewater quality for water reclamation treatment processes, and to protect public and private
property, restrictions may be required on certain industrial, commercial, and residential waste
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discharges to a sewerage system that is located within a designated tributary area of an existing
or planned reclamation facility.
6.2 Adopted Tributary Protection Measures: Waste discharges to the sewage system from any
industrial, commercial, or residential source, may be restricted or prohibited upon a finding,
following a noticed public hearing, that the type or class of discharge involved is capable of
causing or may cause substantial damage or harm to any sewage treatment or reclamation
facility or to any significant user or users or potential user or users of reclaimed water within an
area which has been planned for reclaimed water services.
Section 7. Sanctions
7.1 Public: Discharge by any person or entity of wastes or the use of reclaimed water in any
manner in violation of this ordinance or of any permit issued hereunder is subject to prosecution
for a misdemeanor.
7.2 Injunction: Whenever a discharge of wastes or use of reclaimed water is in violation or
threatens to cause a violation of this ordinance, the District's attorney may seek injunctive relief
as may be appropriate to enjoin such discharge or use.
7.3 Permit Revocation: In addition to any other statute or rule authorizing termination of water
service, the District may revoke a permit issued hereunder if a violation of any provision of this
ordinance is found to exist or if a discharge of wastes or use of reclaimed water causes or
threatens to cause violation of this ordinance.
7.4 Penalty: Any owner and/or operator who violates this ordinance shall, for each day of
violation, or portion thereof, be subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000. In addition, potable water
service to the property may be discontinued.
Section 8. Validity
If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held
invalid, the remainder of the ordinance and the application of such provisions to other persons or
circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
Section 9: The District finds that this Ordinance and actions taken hereafter pursuant to this
Ordinance are exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act as actions taken to assure
the preservation and enhancement of water resources in accordance with CEQA Guidelines
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Sections 15307 and 15308. The General Manager of the District is authorized and directed to
file a Notice of Exemption as soon as possible following adoption of this Ordinance.
Section 10: This Ordinance shall become effective upon adoption. It shall be published one
time in a newspaper of general circulation within the District within ten (10) days of its adoption.
This Ordinance shall remain effective until repeal by the Board of Directors of the District.
PASSED, ADOPTED AND APPROVED by the Board of Directors of the Carlsbad Municipal
Water District at a Regular Board Meeting held this 8th day of May, 1990, by the following roll
call vote:
AYES: Board Members Lewis, Kulchin, Mamaux and Larson
NOES: None
ABSENT: Board Member Pettine
ATTEST:
ALETHA L. RAUTENKRANZ,
Secretary of the Board
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APPENDIX D
DWR 2000 Urban Water Management Plan Checklist
Page# Section of Law Items to address
In Plan
2 10642 Make plan available for public inspection before its adoption.
2 Adopt plan as prepared or as modified after the public hearing.
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies,
2 10620 (d) (2) including direct and indirect suppliers, wastewater, groundwater, and
planning agencies (refer to Section 10633).
4 1063l(a) Provide current and projected population in 5-year increments to 20
years.
3 Describe the climate and other demographic factors.
7 10631 (b) Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available
in 5-year increments to 20 years.
17 10631 (d) Describe opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on short-term
or long-term basis.
23 10631 (e) (I) Quantify current and past water use in 5-year increments to 20 years.
23 10631 (e) (2) Identify projected water uses among water use sectors in 5-year
increments to 20 years.
16 10631 (c) Describe average, single dry and multiple dry water year data.
16 Describe any plans to replace inconsistent water sources.
16 10632 (b) Provide minimum water supply estimates based on driest three-year
historic sequence.
13 10631 (c) Describe the reliability of water supply.
15
Describe the vulnerability of water supply to seasonal or climatic
shortage.
37 10633 (a) Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the
supplier's service area.
37 Quantify the amount of wastewater collected and treated in the supplier's
service area.
37
Describe the methods of wastewater disposal in the supplier's service
area.
39 10633 (b) Describe the type, place, and quantity of recycled water currently used in
the supplier's service area.
41 10633 (c) (d) Describe and quantify potential uses of recycled water in 5-year
increments to 20 years.
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Page# Section of Law Items to address
In Plan
41
Describe the technical and economic feasibility of serving the potential
users of recycled water.
46 10633 (e) Describe the actions that may be taken to encourage recycled water use.
41 10633 (e) Provide the projected acre-feet results of recycled water used per year.
46 10633 (f) Provide a plan for optimizing the use ofrecycled water in the supplier's
service area.
44
Provide actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems
and to promote recirculating uses.
Provide an assessment of the reliability of the water supplier's water
27 10635 (a) service to its customers during normal, single dry, and multiple dry water
years.
Compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier
27 with the total projected water use over the next 20 years, in 5-year
increments (refer to I 0631 (c)).
Compare normal, single dry, and multiple dry water year projected water
28 supply sources available to the water supplier with the normal, single
dry, multiple dry water year projected water uses (refer to 10631 ( c )).
34 10632 (c) Provide actions a water supplier will take to prepare for a catastrophe.
50 10632(h) Provide a copy of a draft water shortage contingency resolution or
ordinance.
36 10632 (a) Provide water shortage stages of action, including up to a 50 percent
reduction outlining specific water supply conditions at each stage.
50 10632 (d) Provide mandatory prohibitions.
50 10632(f) Provide penalties or charges.
50 10632 (e) Provide consumption reduction methods.
36 10632 (g) Provide an analysis of the impacts on the water supplier revenues and
expenditures.
36 Provide measures to overcome revenue and expenditure impacts.
54 10632 (i) Provide a mechanism for determining actual reductions in water use.
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APPENDIX E
California Urban Water Management Planning Act
Established: AB 797, Klehs, 1983
Amended: AB 2661, Klehs, 1990
AB 11X, Filante, 1991
AB 1869, Speier, 1991
AB 892, Frazee, 1993
SB 1017, McCorquodale, 1994
AB 2853, Cortese, 1994
AB 1845, Cortese, 1995
SB 1011, Polanco, 1995
CALIFORNIA WATER CODE DIVISION 6
PART 2.6. URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DECLARATION AND POLICY
10610. This part shall be known and may be cited as the "Urban Water Management Planning
Act."
10610.2. The Legislature finds and declares as follows:
(a) The waters of the state are a limited and renewable resource subject to ever
increasing demands.
(b) The conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies are of statewide concern;
however, the planning for that use and the implementation of those plans can best be
accomplished at the local level.
(c) A long-term, reliable supply of water is essential to protect the productivity of
California's businesses and economic climate.
(d) As part of its long-range planning activities, every urban water supplier should make
every effort to ensure the appropriate level of reliability in its water service sufficient to
meet the needs of its various categories of customers during normal, dry, and multiple
dry water years.
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( e) This part is intended to provide assistance to water agencies in carrying out their long-
term resource planning responsibilities to ensure adequate water supplies to meet the
needs of both existing customers and future demands for water.
10610.4. The Legislature finds and declares that it is the policy of the state as follows:
(a) The management of urban water demands and efficient use of water shall be actively
pursued to protect both the people of the state and their water resources.
(b) The management of urban water demands and efficient use of urban water supplies
shall be a guiding criterion in public decisions .
CHAPTER 2. DEFINITIONS
10611. Unless the context otherwise requires, the definitions of this chapter govern the
construction of this part.
10611.5. "Demand management" means those water conservation measures, programs, and
incentives that prevent the waste of water and promote the reasonable and efficient use and
reuse of available supplies.
10612. "Customer" means a purchaser of water from a water supplier who uses the water for
municipal purposes, including residential, commercial, governmental, and industrial uses.
10613. "Efficient use" means those management measures that result in the most effective use
of water so as to prevent its waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use.
10614. "Person" means any individual, firm, association, organization, partnership, business,
trust, corporation, company, public agency, or any agency of such an entity.
10615. "Plan" means an urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this part. A plan
shall describe and evaluate sources of supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses, and
reclamation and demand management activities. The components of the plan may vary
according to an individual community or area's characteristics and its capabilities to efficiently
use and conserve water. The plan shall address measures for residential, commercial,
governmental, and industrial water demand management as set forth in Article 2 (commencing
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with Section 10630) of Chapter 3. In addition, a strategy and time schedule for implementation
shall be included in the plan.
10616. "Public agency" means any board, commission, county, city and county, city, regional
agency, district, or other public entity.
10616.5. "Recycled water" means the reclamation and reuse of wastewater for beneficial use.
10617. "Urban water supplier" means a supplier, publicly or privately owned, providing water for
municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more
than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor
for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to
customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to
Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 4010) of Part 1 of Division 5 of the Health and Safety
Code.
CHAPTER 3. URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS
Article 1. General Provisions
10620. (a) Every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt an urban water management plan
in the manner set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).
(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier after December 31, 1984, shall
adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban
water supplier.
(c) An urban water supplier indirectly providing water shall not include planning elements
in its water management plan as provided in Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630)
that would be applicable to urban water suppliers or public agencies directly providing
water, or to their customers, without the consent of those suppliers or public agencies.
(d) (1) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation
in areawide, regional, watershed, or basinwide urban water management planning
where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement
of conservation and efficient water use.
(2) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other
appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a
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common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the
extent practicable.
(e) The urban water supplier may prepare the plan with its own staff, by contract, or in
cooperation with other governmental agencies.
10621. (a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or
before December 31, in years ending in five and zero.
(b) The amendments to, or changes in, the plan shall be adopted and filed in the manner
set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640) .
Article 2. Contents of Plans
10630. It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water
management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of
water supplied.
10631. A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter and shall do all of the following:
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population,
climate, and other demographic factors affecting the supplier's water management
planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state,
regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the
urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is
available.
(b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of
water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as
described in subdivision (a) .
(c) Describe the reliability of the water supply and vulnerability to seasonal or climatic
shortage, to the extent practicable, and provide data for each of the following:
( 1) An average water year.
(2) A single dry water year.
(3) Multiple dry water years.
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For any water source that may not be available at a consistent level of use, given specific
legal, environmental, water quality, or climatic factors, describe plans to replace that
source with alternative sources or water demand management measures, to the extent
practicable.
(d) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or
long-term basis.
(e) (1) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the
same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use,
identifying the uses among water use sectors including, but not necessarily limited to, all
of the following uses:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive
use, or any combination thereof.
(I) Agricultural.
(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments as
described in subdivision (a).
(f) Provide a description of the supplier's water demand management measures. This
description shall include all of the following:
( 1) A description of each water demand management measure that is currently
being implemented, or scheduled for implementation, including the steps
necessary to implement any proposed measures, including, but not limited to, all
of the following:
(A) Interior and exterior water audits and incentive programs for single-
family residential, multifamily residential, governmental, and institutional
customers.
(B) Enforcement of plumbing fixture efficiency standards and programs to
retrofit less efficient fixtures.
(C) Distribution system water audits, leak detection, and repair.
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(D) Metering with commodity rates for all new connections and retrofit of
existing connections.
(E) Large landscape water audits and incentives.
(F) Landscape water conservation requirements for new and existing
commercial, industrial, institutional, governmental, and multifamily
developments.
(G) Public information.
(H) School education.
(I) Commercial and industrial water conservation .
(J) New commercial and industrial water use review.
(K) Conservation pricing for water service and conservation pricing for
sewer service, where the urban water supplier also provides sewer
service.
(L) Landscape water conservation for new and existing single-family
homes.
(M) Water waste prohibitions.
(N) Water conservation coordinator.
(0) Financial incentives to encourage water conservation.
(P) Ultra-low-flush toilet replacement.
(2) A schedule of implementation for all water demand management measures
proposed or described in the plan.
(3) A description of the methods, if any, that the supplier will use to evaluate the
effectiveness of water demand management measures implemented or
described under the plan.
(4) An estimate, if available, of existing conservation savings on water use within
the supplier's service area, and the effect of such savings on the supplier's ability
to further reduce demand.
(g) An evaluation of each water demand management measure listed in paragraph (1) of
subdivision (f) that is not currently being implemented or scheduled for implementation.
In the course of the evaluation, first consideration shall be given to water demand
management measures, or combination of measures, which offer lower incremental
costs than expanded or additional water supplies. This evaluation shall do all of the
following:
(1) Take into account economic and non-economic factors, including
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environmental, social, health, customer impact, and technological factors.
(2) Include a cost-benefit analysis, identifying total benefits and total costs.
(3) Include a description of funding available to implement any planned water
supply project that would provide water at a higher unit cost.
(4) Include a description of the water supplier's legal authority to implement the
measure and efforts to work with other relevant agencies to ensure the
implementation of the measure and to share the cost of implementation.
(h) Urban water suppliers that are members of the California Urban Water Conservation
Council and submit annual reports to the council in accordance with the "Memorandum of
Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California," dated September
1991, may submit the annual reports identifying water demand management measures
currently being implemented, or scheduled for implementation, to satisfy the requirements
of subdivisions (f) and (g).
10632. The plan shall provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis which includes
each of the following elements which are within the authority of the urban water supplier:
(a) Stages of action to be undertaken by the urban water supplier in response to water
supply shortages, including up to a 50 percent reduction in water supply, and an outline
of specific water supply conditions which are applicable to each stage.
(b) An estimate of the minimum water supply available during each of the next three
water years based on the driest three-year historic sequence for the agency's water
supply.
(c) Actions to be undertaken by the urban water supplier to prepare for, and implement
during, a catastrophic interruption of water supplies including, but not limited to, a
regional power outage, an earthquake, or other disaster.
(d) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices during water
shortages, including, but not limited to, prohibiting the use of potable water for street
cleaning.
( e) Consumption reduction methods in the most restrictive stages. Each urban water
supplier may use any type of consumption reduction methods in its water shortage
contingency analysis that would reduce water use, are appropriate for its area, and have
the ability to achieve a water use reduction consistent with up to a 50 percent reduction
in water supply.
(f) Penalties or charges for excessive use, where applicable.
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(g) An analysis of the impacts of each of the actions and conditions described in
subdivisions (a) to (f), inclusive, on the revenues and expenditures of the urban water
supplier, and proposed measures to overcome those impacts, such as the development of
reserves and rate adjustments.
(h) A draft water shortage contingency resolution or ordinance.
(i) A mechanism for determining actual reductions in water use pursuant to the urban
water shortage contingency analysis.
10633. The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its
potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. To the extent
practicable, the preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater,
groundwater, and planning agencies and shall include all of the following:
(a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier's
service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated
and the methods of wastewater disposal.
(b) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier's service
area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.
(c) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but
not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement,
wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, and other appropriate uses, and a
determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses.
(d) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier's service area at the end of 5,
10, 15, and 20 years.
(e) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to
encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms
of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
(f) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier's service area, including
actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems and to promote
recirculating uses.
Article 2.5 Water Service Reliability
10635. (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management
plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal,
dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall
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compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total
projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water
year, a single dry water year, and multiple dry water years. The water service reliability
assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631,
including available data from the state, regional, or local agency population projections
within the service area of the urban water supplier.
(b) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management
plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water
supplies within 60 days of the submission of its urban water management plan.
(c) Nothing in this article is intended to create a right or entitlement to water service or
any specific level of water service.
(d) Nothing in this article is intended to change existing law concerning an urban water
supplier's obligation to provide water service to its existing customers or to any future,
potential customers.
Article 3. Adoption and Implementation of Plans
10640. Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall prepare
its plan pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 10630). The supplier shall likewise
periodically review the plan as required by Section 10621, and any amendments or changes
required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article.
10641. An urban water supplier required to prepare a plan may consult with, and obtain
comments from, any public agency or state agency or any person who has special expertise with
respect to water demand management methods and techniques .
10642. Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social,
cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the
preparation of the plan. Prior to adopting a plan, the urban water supplier shall make the plan
available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing thereon. Prior to the hearing,
notice of the time and place of hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly
owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code. A privately owned
water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area. After the hearing, the
plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing.
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10643. An urban water supplier shall implement its plan adopted pursuant to this chapter in
accordance with the schedule set forth in its plan.
10644. (a) An urban water supplier shall file with the department a copy of its plan no later than
30 days after adoption. Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be filed
with the department within 30 days after adoption.
(b) The department shall prepare and submit to the Legislature, on or before December
31, in the years ending in six and one, a report summarizing the status of the plans
adopted pursuant to this part. The report prepared by the department shall identify the
outstanding elements of individual plans. The department shall provide a copy of the
report to each urban water supplier that has filed its plan with the department. The
department shall also prepare reports and provide data for any legislative hearings
designed to consider the effectiveness of plans submitted pursuant to this part.
10645. Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water
supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review
during normal business hours.
CHAPTER 4. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
10650. Any actions or proceedings to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or
decisions of an urban water supplier on the grounds of noncompliance with this part shall be
commenced as follows:
(a) An action or proceeding alleging failure to adopt a plan shall be commenced within
18 months after that adoption is required by this part .
(b) Any action or proceeding alleging that a plan, or action taken pursuant to the plan,
does not comply with this part shall be commenced within 90 days after filing of the plan
or amendment thereto pursuant to Section 10644 or the taking of that action.
10651. In any action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul a plan, or an
action taken pursuant to the plan by an urban water supplier on the grounds of noncompliance
with this part, the inquiry shall extend only to whether there was a prejudicial abuse of discretion.
Abuse of discretion is established if the supplier has not proceeded in a manner required by law
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
or if the action by the water supplier is not supported by substantial evidence.
10652. The California Environmental Quality Act (Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000)
of the Public Resources Code) does not apply to the preparation and adoption of plans pursuant
to this part or to the implementation of actions taken pursuant to Section 10632. Nothing in this
part shall be interpreted as exempting from the California Environmental Quality Act any project
that would significantly affect water supplies for fish and wildlife, or any project for
implementation of the plan, other than projects implementing Section 10632, or any project for
expanded or additional water supplies .
10653. The adoption of a plan shall satisfy any requirements of state law, regulation, or order,
including those of the State Water Resources Control Board and the Public Utilities
Commission, for the preparation of water management plans or conservation plans; provided,
that if the State Water Resources Control Board or the Public Utilities Commission requires
additional information concerning water conservation to implement its existing authority, nothing
in this part shall be deemed to limit the board or the commission in obtaining that information.
The requirements of this part shall be satisfied by any urban water demand management plan
prepared to meet federal laws or regulations after the effective date of this part, and which
substantially meets the requirements of this part, or by any existing urban water management
plan which includes the contents of a plan required under this part.
10654. An urban water supplier may recover in its rates the costs incurred in preparing its plan
and implementing the reasonable water conservation measures included in the plan. Any best
water management practice that is included in the plan that is identified in the "Memorandum of
Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California" is deemed to be reasonable
for the purposes of this section .
10655. If any provision of this part or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is
held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this part which can
be given effect without the invalid provision or application thereof, and to this end the provisions
of this part are severable.
10656. An urban water supplier that does not prepare, adopt, and submit its urban water
management plan to the department in accordance with this part, is ineligible to receive drought
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CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT 2000 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
assistance from the state until the urban water management plan is submitted pursuant to Article
3 (commencing with Section 10640) of Chapter 3.
SEC. 2. No appropriation is made and no reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to
Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution or Section 2231 or 2234 of the Revenue
and Taxation Code because the local agency or school district has the authority to levy service
charges, fees, or assessments sufficient to pay for the program or level of service mandated by
this act.
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