Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1981-03-25; Planning Commission; ; CUP 197 - KAHNAMOUISTAFF REPORT DATE: March 25, 1981 TO: Planning Commission FROM: Planning Department SUBJECT: CUP-197 -KAHNAMOUI -Request for a conditional use permit to allow a coin-operated arcade in an existing building located at the southeast corner of Elm Avenue and State Street in the C-2 zone. I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project involves the interior remodeling of a real estate office into a coin-operated arcade with pool tables, video game machines, and air hockey machines. As shown on exhibit "A", the building in which the use is to be located, is divided into three sections, a retail camera shop, a glass shop, and the proposed arcade. Off street parking for all three uses is located at the rear of the building with access derived through an adjacent alley. This property and surrounding parcels are located in the central business district and in the Carlsbad Redevelopment Area. Coin-operated arcades are permitted in C-2 zones upon the granting of a conditional use permit. II. ANALYSIS Planning Issues 1. Is the requested use appropriate and desirable at this location? 2. Does the proposed project meet the required findings for a condi- tional use permit? I II. DISCUSSION The proposed site for the coin-operated arcade at the southeast corner of Elm Avenue and State Street is located in the central business dis- trict and the downtown redevelopment area. The area immediately sur- rounding the site is highly developed with commercial uses including a camera shop to the west, a liquor store across Elm Avenue to the north, a real estate office to the east, and a single family residential area across an alley to the south. These surrounding land uses are of some concern to staff with regard to their compatibility with an arcade. Since the clientele of an arcade such as this most often includes a high percentage of young people of school age, the proximity of a liquor store and shops such as the camera shop which are closed in the evening hours could pose potential problems. Additionally, since the arcade would front on Elm Avenue, an extremely busy secondary arterial, problems with young people crossing a street with a very high traffic volume (approximately 9,400 vehicles per day) become apparent. .. The parking area to the rear of the building is insufficient in number of spaces (eleven required, nine provided) as well as being awkward in design in that all vehicles must exit by backing out into the alley. The Police Department has noted a concern that the alley itself could become a problem by developing into an area for teenage congregation during hours that the surrounding businesses are closed. Staff feels that it is unreasonable to expect that any owner could completely con- trol congregations of juveniles outside the arcade. It appears to staff that a more appropriate location could be found for the proposed arcade. Staff would suggest a site that is more pedestrian oriented and where the surrounding uses would be more compatible with an arcade. Before a conditional use permit may be approved, it must be found that the requested use is necessary or desirable for the development of the community, is essentially in harmony with the various elements and objectives of the General Plan, and is not detrimental to existing uses or to uses specifically permitted in the zone in which the proposed use is to be located. Staff felt that this use could be detrimental to existing and future uses with regard to incompatibility with surrounding commercial businesses and may present problems from a public safety standpoint with regard to pedestrian hazards along Elm Avenue. The proposed location for the arcade is also located within the city re- development area. On February 22, 1981, the redevelopment committee held a public hearing on the matter and concluded that an arcade was not an improper use for this area, but that this particular location may not be adequate. Additionally, it appears that the size of the lot is insufficient to accommodate another retail use as the offstreet parking area is two spaces short of that required by ordinance. Because the proposed pro- ject does not meet all the required findings for a conditional use permit, staff cannot recommend approval. IV. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW The Planning Director has determined that this project will not have a significant impact on the environment and therefore issued a Negative Declaration on March 10, 1981. V. RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that the Planning Commission adopt Resolution No. 1788 DENYING CUP-195, based on the findings contained therein. ATTACHMENTS Planning Commission Resolution No. 1788 Location Map Background Data Sheet Exhibits "A" and "B", dated March 6, 1981 Disclosure Forms Environmental Documents PK:ls 3/10/81 LOCATION MAP ~ ~-------------\'I CASE NO. CUP 1,1 APPLICANT -KAHNAMOUI -------- sUe>4~,-_ fPOF'E-P;rY 5oq e:L-M Av~. BACKGROUND DATA SHEEl' CASE NO: CUP-197 APPLICANT: Z. P. KAHNAMOUI ~T AND IOCATION: __ ._P_E_RM_I_T_AR_CAD __ E_IN_c_-_2_z_o_NE _____________ _ SOUTH SIDE OF-ELM BETWEEN STATE AND ROOSEVELT ··• LEGAL DESCRIPI'ION: ALL OF LOT 10 OF THE SUBDIVISION OF THE NORTHWESTERLY 480 FEET OF TRACT 106 OF CARLSBAD LANDS OF MAP 1710 FILED DECEMBER 9, 1919. Assessors Parcel Number: 203 297 -03 Acres -----.03 No. of Lots ___ 1 ____ _ GENERAL PIAN AND ZONING General Plan Land Use Designation ___ c_B_D ____ _ Density Allowed _________ _ Density Proposed ------- Existing Zone ____ c_-_2 ________ _ Proposed Zone ________ _ Surrounding Zoning and Land Use: zoning North South Fa.st West School District water District Sewer District C-2 ----- CM ----- C-2. CARLSBAD CARLSBAD CARLSBAD land Use RETAIL-LIQUOR STORE RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE OFFICE RETAIL-CAMERA SHOP POBLIC TI\CILITIF.5 .mu's N/A ------------------------- Public Facilities Fee Agreement, dated ___ N_o_TNE_E_D_E_D __________ _ (Other: -------~--------------------..:> ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSFSSMENT Negative Declaration, issued ----xx March 10, 1981 Log No. ______ _ E.I.R. Certified, dated --------------- Other,--------------------------------- ... . a If ofter the inform,1tion you have submitted has been reviewed, it is determined that further information is required, you will bc·so advised. APPLICl\tlT: AGENT: MEMBERS:: Nall\C (iudividual, partnership, joint venture, corporation, syndica.tion} _ E l/J1 Blusioiess Address Telephone Number Name Business Address ".l'elcphone Number Name C!ndividual, partner, joint ·venture, corporation, syndication) Business Address Telephone Nuw.ber Name E'.lsiness_ Addre:is Telephone Number Home Address- Telephone Number UOJlle Address Telephone Number (Attach JDOrc sheets if necessary) .... · I/We dcc]arc under penalty of perjury that the information contained in this dis- closure :is true and correct and that it wiil remain true and correct and may be relied. ~f~:>n as being true and correct until amended. .- ,7:_v=-/4-.. ~./ . ~?r,f-~rr~~,,_ . BY __ _,.....__'-------,-----------Agent, Owner, J>ar,tncr l ...... • , .. , ! I I I ; • \) H~c $1Uv.OO {_?~Ok RECEIPT NO: r, -·· ·r· • ·ENVJRONMENfAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HJPM -Part I /' 'fl,,~ (To be Completed by APPLICANT) CASE No: cur-t 'l , ____ _ DATE: Appl ic:ant: 7. f. k II H .N 11 M cJ {/ I --- Address cf Applicant: 5 "3 3 J /VI T. 8 {) l. A/' 1111 /fl ~/1/V_ DJ E IJtJ C..11. J,2. IJ/ Phone Number: (7/'f) 5·/c1 -~ J 5 J Name, address and phone·numter of person to be contacted (if other than Applicant): GENERI\L INFORivtATION: V /J r,//1 ,II T l I !T O A /r11J PIii ~/.f:;--(" (7 Llw,; /?,:? Description of Project: >i <r n hv ~ /VJ ~ >/Tr"-.,,,~ ------- ✓/{) t I} ,; P!N'/3 131) /_] ' IJ IA H tJ/<fY 1 Pt:1PL T,l)B LE /}/V' p H/l-✓p )3/}L~S __ .,. ___________________ --- Project Location/A<ldre~s: • 5d :J E L/11 #e.. C, I/If l. ~$,4/) . -· -----------------~------------ Assessor Parcel Nurnber: YJ 19 F -·_3~ 3 -~ 51 7 -~ :3 Zone of Subject Property: Ct/JfVYlfif(, et/ll Zt71'V"'C C,, ( Proposed Use of Site: _____ /J __ B __ e ___ f} ___ D_& _______________ _ List all other applicable applications related to this project: . ;v~ c ITV . ,:; r c II/( L 1$,11 O • .II p f?L IC llIJp/V Ft1R 8v n,,,/c ~5 LIL e¥.J13 .. ------..--------------- ------------------------------- ND l EIR l . . -----) 2. '. Desc:d.be t.he 2.ctivi ty area, inciuding distinguishing natural and manmadc characteristics;. also provide precise _sl.oi;.,e analysis when appropriate. 3. D.escribe energy conservation measures· incorporated into t.he design and/or operation of the project. (For a more specific discussion of·energy conservation requirements see ,,,. of the City's EIR _Guidelines) /Y/1)- 4. If residential, include the number of units, schedule of unit sizes, range of sale prices or rents, and type of household size expected. /2 5. If commercial, indicate the type, whether neighborhood,. city or regionally oriented, square footage of sales area, L~d loading facilities . 6. If industrial, indicate type, estimated employment per shift, and loading facilities. /2 ~ 7. If instituJ:.ional, indicate the major function, estimated employreent"per shift, estimated occupancy, loading facilities, and community benefits to be derived from the project. . . .• I·; ENVIRONMENTAL "IMPAC~ ANALYSIS Answer the following questions by placing a check in the appropriat·e space. (Discuss all items checked yes. Attach additional sheets as necessaryt. 1} .• 2) 3) Could the project significantly change present ·1and uses in the vicinity of th:e_activity? Could the activity affect the use of a rec- reational area, or area of important aesthetic value? Could the activity affect the functioning of an established community or neig~borhood? • 4) Could the activity result in the displacement of community residents? .. 5) Could the activity increase the number of low -and moderate cost housing units in the city? 6) 7) Could the activity decrease the number of low and modest cost housing units in the city? Are any of the natural or man-made features in the activity ~rea unique, that ts, not· found in other parts of the County, State, or Nation? 8} Could the activity significantly affect a historical or archaeological site or its settings? 9) Could the activity significantly affect the potential use, extraction, or conservation of a scarce natural resource? 10} Does the activity area serve as a habitat, food source nesting place, source'of water, etc. for rare or endangered wildlife on fish species? 11) Could the activity significantly affect fish, wildlife or plant life? ·12) ~re there any rare or endangered plant species in the acti vi.ty area?. 13) Could the activity change existing features of any of the city's lagoons, bays, or tidelands? ... YES NO --- ---- lir} Could the activity change existing features of any of the cityts beaches? 15) Could· the activity result in the erosion or elimination cf agricultural lands? 16). Could the activity serve to encourage develop- ment of presently undeveloped areas or intesify development of already developed areas? 17). Will the activity require a variance from established environmental standards (air, water, noise, etc)? 18) • Will the activity require certification, authorization or issuance of a permit by any local, state or federal environmental control agency? 19J Will the activity require issuance of a variance or conditional use permit by the city? 20} Will the activity involve the application, use, or disposal of potentially hazardous materials? 21}. W:i.11 the activity involve construction of facilities in a-flood plain? • 22) Will the activity involve construction of f~cilities on a slope of 25 percent or greater? 23) Will the activity involve construction of facilities in the area of an active fault? 24)" Could the act1vity result in the generation of s~gni.ficant amounts of noise?. 25) Could the activity result in the generation of significant amoun~s of dust? • 26} Will the activity involve the bur-ning of brush, trees, or other materials? 27) Could the activity result in a significant change in the quality of any portion of the . region's air or water resources? (Should note, s~rface, ground water, off-shore}-. 28} Will the project substantially increase fuel consumption (electricity, oil, natural gas, etc.)? 29) Wi.lJ. there be a. significant ch:ange to existing land form? ✓ ✓ .. ✓. ; . 30) (a} (b) -- indicate ·estimarJ/agrading to be done in cubic yards_ • • • __ percentage of alteration to the present land form . NaN€ (c) maxi.mum heigh3/J± cut_ or fill slopes Will the activity result in substantial increases in the use of utilities, sewers., _drains, or streets? 31) Is the a~tivity carried out as part of a larger· project or series of projects? . -s- .. - II. STATEMENT OF NON..:SIGNIFICANT "ENVIRONMEN'D\L EFFECTS If you have answered yes to one or rr.ore of the questions in Section I but you think the activity will have· no significant environmental effects, indicate your reasons below: III; C~f\1ENTS OR ELABORATIONS TO Af.N OF 1HE QUESTIONS IN SECTION I (If additional space is needed for answering any questions attach additional sheets as may be needed}. n Date Signed ---------------------- EN\frJ:.OI'~·iJ:'.'ff1\L Jr.lPACT ASSESSMENT FORM -Part II (To Be Complete<l By The PJ..!\J,lNING DEPAR1i!ENf) -fJ\SE NO. CtJf /_r_] DATE: J_::_!l_._:.l.J_5 __ l - I. BACKGROUND 1. 2. 3. APPLICANT: :}'. /? .. K.!tH tJ kV\11.li JI ADDRESS A,'Il) PHO:-.'E NU~IBER OF APPLICANT: S3 3:} SAN D,ao, Ckur. DATE QiECKLIST SUE1'1UTTED: • /,,,. i-2, f; ---~...;__ ________________ _ II. • ENVJR0N>1ENJAL DIPACTS "(EXPL!\;'\J\TibNS OF ALL AFFIRMATIVE Ai~S\\'ERS ARE TO BE MUTIBN UNDER Section III -DISCUSSION OF ENVIR0}01E\1TAL EVALUATirn~) 1. T:1-.· th WiJ.1 the proposal have signi- ficant results in: • a. Unstable earth conditions or in changes in geologic substructl..lres? . b. Disruptions, displacements, com- paction or overcovering of the soil? c. Change in topography or ground surface relief features? d. The dcstrnctjon, covering or modification of any unique geologic or physical features? e~ /my increase in wind or :water erosion of soils. either on or off the site? f. Changes in deposition or ero- sion of bc-ach san<ls, or changes in siltation, de-position or erosion which may modify the ch~nncl of a river or strc:u:i or the bcu of the ocean or any h.'.ly. inlet or lake? Yes ···X ···X .. .. 2. Air: Will thC? proposal have signr/7tAJ/]- rcsults in: a. Air emissions or deterioration of ambient air quality? b. TI1e creation of objectionable odors? c. .Alteration of air movement, mositure or temperature, or any • change in climate, either lqcally _ . or regionally? 3. Water: Will the proposal have sigi- ficant results in: ·a. Changes in currents, or the course or direction of water move- ments, in either marine or fresh ' waters? b. Changes in absorption rates, • drainage patterns, or the rate and • ammmt of surface water runoff? c. Alterations to the course or flvw of flood waters? d. Change in the runount of sur- face ·water in any water body? . . e. Discharge into surface waters, or in any alteration of surface .)later quality, including but not limited to temperature, dissolved oxygen or turbidity? f. Alteration of the d:irection or rate of flow 0£ _ground waters? _ g, Change in the quantity of gr01.md waters, either through • direct additions or withdrawals, or through interception of nn aquifer by cuts or excavations? h. Rc-.duction in the runount of water othcn-li sc available for public water suppUcs? .. z .. Yes Maybe No X .. X • )( ·X • ·i .. ····X · I .. 4. Plant Life. Will the proposal have signi- ficant results in: a. Change in the diversity of species, or numbers of any species of plants (including trees, shrubs, grass, crops, microflora and aquatic plants)? b .. Reduction of the numbers o:f any unique, rare or endangered • species of plants? c. Introduction of new species ,of plants into an area, or in a barrier to the nonnal replenish- ment of existing species? d. . Reduction in acreage of any _agricultural crop? -5.. • ·Animal Life. Will the proposal have signi- ficant results in: a. Changes in the diversity·of species, or numi.>ers of any species of-animals (birds, land animals includj11g reptiles, fish and s}!r:11- fish, benthic organisms, insects or microfauna)? b. Reduction of the m.unbers of any unique, rare or endangered species of anllilals? ··c. Introduction of new species of animals into an area, or.result in a barrier to· the 1nigration or movement of anjmals? d. Deterioration to existing fish or wildlife habitat? 6, • 'Noise. Will the proposal signi- ficantly increase existing noise levels? 7. • -~ht nnd Glare. Will the pro- posal sji~nifjcantly produce new light or glnrc? 8. • Land Use. Will the proposal have sir,n.ifk:mt results in the alt:C'ration of the present or planned 1.m<l use of an area? Maybe No x ··X ···X ·-·X .... X __ .,. 9. Natural Resources. Will the pro- posal have significant results in: a. Increase in the rate of use of.any natural resources? b. Depletion of any nonrenewable natural resource? 10. Risk of Upset~ Does the proposal involve a significant risk of an ro...-plosion or the release of haz- ardous substances (including, but . ·not limited to, oil, pesticides, chemicals or radiation) in the event of an accident or upset conditions? 11. • ·pc,>pulation. Will the proposal • • s1gnificantly alter the location; ' . distribution, density, or growth rate of the human population of an area? 12. Housing. Will the proposal signi- Rcantly affect existing housing, or create a demand for additional housing? 13. • ·Transportation/Circulation. Will - the proposal have significant re-• sults in: a. Generation of additional vehicular movement? b, Effects on existing parking facilities, or demand for new parking? c, Impact upon cxisti;11g trans- portation systems? d, Al tcrntions to present patterns of circulation or move~ ,ncnt of 11c0J);l.e ru1d/or goods? e, Alterations to waterborne, rail or air tra{fic7 f., Increase jn trnf fie kizards to 111otor vehicles, hi.cyclists or 'IVV1 • ? 1, ... "'estrJnns, Yes Maybe No ····>< ... .. •.• .. .. · • 14. Ptibl ic Services . Wil 1 the pro- posal have a significant effect upon, or have significant results in the need for new or altered governmental services in any of the following areas: a. Fire protection? b. Police protection? c. Schools? d. Parks or other recreational •·:facilities? .• e~ Maintenance of public facili- ties, including roads? f. Other governmental services? 15.' Energy. Will the .:proposal have significant results in: a.. Use of substantial amounts of fuel or energy? b. Demand upon existing sources of energy, or require the develop- ment oJ new sources of energy? , . .; 16. • ·utilities. Will the proposal have~ significant results in the need for new systems, or alterations to the followi_ng utilities: a. Power_ OT natural_ gasr b, Communications sy~tcms? c, Water? • e d. Sewer or septic tanks? e, Stonn water drainage? f, Solid w~istc and disposal? 17, • llL1man l?c:11th. Will the proposal have sign igTcant rcsul ts in the c1·cation of rmy health hawrc.l or potent fol hc:11 th haznrd (~xclucUng J11cntal hcnl th)? -s- .. Yes --Maybe No . .. . . : ...... .• .... X X ·x X .. --x ... x' ···)( • ... X .. · x ··.:½_ . . ·}( .. ·X .. .. Yes ·~faybe No 18. Aesthetics. Will the proposal have significant results in the obstruc- tion of any scenic vista or view open to the public, or will the pro-. posal result in the creation of an • aesthetically offensive site open to public view? • ' ·X 19. Recreation. Will-the proposal have significant results in the impact upon the quality or quantity of • existing re~reational opporttmities? . 20. Archeological/Historical. Will the proposal have significant results in the alteration of a significant • archeological or historical site, • structure, object or building? . 21. ANALYZF VIABLE AL'fERi~ATIVES TO TI-IE PROPOSED PROJFCT SUCH AS: a) PHASED DEVELOI?~ff:~T OF 11IE PROJECT; b) AL'!l:RNAT'I~ SITE DESIGNS; c) . ALTERNATE SCALE OF DEVELOPri-!HIT; d) 1\LTERi\~\TE USES FOR TI-IE SITE; e) DEVELOi~!Et'ff AT SQ\!E HfTIJRF. TIME RATh1:R 'IHA.~ NOW; f) ALTEI<i~TE SITES FOR Tiffi PROPOSED USE; g)-NO PROJECT ALT.E!~'i\ TIVE . .. -' -6- )( X .. J':.• Yes Maybe No 22. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICA.~CE. a) DOES TIIE PROJECT HA VE THE POTEN- TIAL TO DEGRADE TIIE QUALITY OF 'DIE ENVIRONMENT, OR CUR1~\IL 1lIE • DIVERSI'IY IN 1HE Ef\1VIROM'-1ENT? b) DOES TilE PROJECT HAVE TI-IE POTEN- TIPJ.. TO ACHIEVE SHORT-TERM, 10 'IlIB DISADV1-\NTAGE OF LONG-TERM, ENVIRONMf¾ITPJ.. GOALS? (A SHORT- TERM· IMPACT ON 1HE E.\1VIR0~1ENT IS ONE MUCH OCCURS IN A RE- . LATIVELY BRIEF, DEFINITIVE PERIOD OF Tn~m MULE LONG-TERM IMPACTS WILL ENDURE WELL INTO THE HJTt.JRE-.) · c) . OOES TI-IE PROJECT Hi\VE IMPACTS . WHICH ARE INDIVIDUALLY LIMITED, BUT Cill-1ULATIVELY CONSIDERABLE? • (A PROJECT MAY DIPACT ON TWO ·OR NORE SEPARATE RESOURCES l\'I-IERE TI-IE Ufi)ACT ON EAGI RE- SOURCE IS RELATN£LY S-li\LL, • BUT Wf IERE TI-IE EFFECT OF TIIE "IDTAL OF TIIOSE DIPACTS ON Tiffi ENVIR0:'6-!Et"-4T IS SIGNIFICANT ) dJ DOES ·nm PROJECT HAVE ENVIRON- MENTAL EFFECTS l\HICH WILL CAUSE SUBSTAi\J'fIAL ADVERSE • • EFFECTS ON I-IlThlAN BEINGS, EI'IHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY? III.· LISCUSSION OF B\VIRONMENTAL EVALUTION X ~ fli/P1.,,1c11-111,. 1> t~t;t/c..5TlAIG-·_IJ CdAJfJtTJdNA-l. • vs~ PFFPfVl,, n hU-ow A ll>1AJ -ope=-~~ /Jr(l,~D~ IN AN €Xt51}NI!"' (J,11;i1>1tJtr 1"1 ~- c,t;'rJ TflA1_, 13,1 £1 ilFss · bt<; m, c:r ·",c c~A-0. . 5ttv c ~ . • · · 1/0 /1i)l)/JJbn/~ J)~IJE),,O~~N1 ~ 1Jlt 1_.t}l\)j) -. /$ (leqv1/l~I) ~ ~f\/lf ·IJ1J0-i11f!/II~ /l'VlP/lc1 lol/1;() /J:>€ 1>Jt° ~MAU..-/f'f.JD11J'tvy~· ~(.. JMP/itJ -7-.. 1nsarsSJON OF ENVIROi\'Mf:NTAL EVALU.\TJON (Continued) tflk kfeO e y_ 1Jk' ft,ffrtn ~ vs€ . f .. .. IV. DETERMINATION. (TO BE COMPLETED BY nm. PL\NNING DEPAR'l},ffiNT) On the basis of this initial evaluation: 2(_ • I find the proposed project COULD NOT ha;c· ~ significant· • effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. • I find that although the proposed project could have a . • significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because tl1e mitigation measures described on an attached sheet have been added to the project. A conditional negative declaration will wi~l be prepared. I·find the proposed project MI\Y have a signi:ficarit effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. V. MITIGATING :fv1E.I\SURES (IF APPLICABLE) .. . . ,.- .• .. .. ... MITIGATING MEASURES (~ontinued) VI ·"·APPLICA1'\T ·co?\CUP~'IBNCE ·wrTH MITIGATING MEASURES ,; ... 'IlUS IS ·m CERTIFY THAT I HAVE REVIEWED 1HE ABCJVE MITIGATIONG MEA- SURES AND CONCUR 1\111-I TI-IE ADDITION OF IBESE MEASURES TO Tiffi PROJl:.::CT. Date:· ------------·Signature of Applicant . . -' -10- .. AcA~...Sf4-0P B (r.1,..b..~ ~P C p,zo~.e:D P.,2.c..~ 0 .e::. . CASE NO. CUP lq7 LJc.. .A IP IP l IC AN T--"'K~AH~NA~M~f'L~' I ____ _ cay. of. C'.¥.s':»ad • fta,rJng Com1ninion .· . .. :' -. • P. 'f. -.Poo1-~ A&G _· · r:. e,. -foos8A-L'- v. D. -1/IP~o n11\Q-f. --··EIM AV£ .. . -- City of -Ca,!~b..di •t . Planning Comm~i?ff .I .-_ Ca~ No. V..1/f.~li ...• Exhibit No. : .. 6 .. · • __ _ . Dale .i/J/fL_