HomeMy WebLinkAbout2011-11-07; Traffic Safety Commission; ; Revise the prima facie speed limit upon La Costa Avenue from 1,000 feet east of El Camino Real to Rancho Santa Fe RoadCITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF: November 7, 2011 ITEMNO.6A
LOCATION:
INITIATED BY:
La Costa A venue from 1,000 feet east of El Camino Real to Rancho Santa
Fe Road
Deputy Transportation Director
REQUESTED ACTION: Revise the prima facie speed limit upon La Costa Avenue from
1,000 feet east of El Camino Real to Rancho Santa Fe Road.
BACKGROUND:
Currently, this portion of La Costa Avenue is posted at 45 miles per hour. The
Engineering and Traffic Survey on file was approved on April 25, 2011 with speed
surveys dated March 15, 2011. Based on the recent installation of warning signs, speed
feedback signs and the reduction of the number of westbound lanes on a portion of La
Costa Avenue, staff determined that a re-evaluation of this speed zone was necessary.
The California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) recommends that
speed limits should be re-evaluated after roadways have undergone a significant change
in roadway characteristics. A valid and enforceable speed limit is needed to ensure
traffic safety.
SETTING SPEED LIMITS:
Effective July 1, 2009, Caltrans Division Chief Robert Copp signed the Policy Directive
to establish the procedure for setting speed limits in California. The changes for setting
speed limits are included in the California MUTCD pursuant to authority granted to
Cal trans in Section 21400 and 21401 of the California Vehicle Code.
Caltrans has incorporated two new standards into the California MUTCD to help set
speed limits in California that are uniform, rational, enforceable by the police, and are
supported by the judicial system. Requirements of the new standards as established by
Caltrans are:
• The speed limit shall be established at the nearest 5 mph increment of the
85 th percentile.
• If the 5 mph reduction is applied, the Engineering and Traffic Survey shall
document in writing the conditions and justification for the reduced speed
limit and be approved by a registered Civil or Traffic Engineer.
In the City of Carlsbad, the predominant practice for managing speed is by legally
establishing a speed limit according to Caltrans criteria and then posting the speed limit
upon the road with regulatory signs in compliance with the California MUTCD. Police
enforcement is used to cite violators that exceed the posted speed limit. A fundamental
tenet is that laws are enacted to protect the majority of the public by regulating the unsafe
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CITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF:
( continued)
November 7, 2011 ITEMNO.6A
or unreasonable actions of the few. When speed limits have been reasonably set, the
enforcement efforts of the Carlsbad Police Department are more effective.
Speed limits are established by law when the City Council adopts an ordinance and the
speed limit is posted on the roadway to indicate the maximum reasonable speed for a
driver to operate a vehicle under ideal conditions in off-peak free flowing conditions.
Among many factors, the three most persuasive arguments to consider when setting a
realistic, or rational, speed limit are:
1. 85th percentile speed ( critical speed)
2. Collision history
3. Conditions that may not be readily apparent to the driver
The 85th percentile speed, often referred to as the critical speed, is the speed which 85%
of the drivers are traveling at or below. The premise implied in speed zoning is that the
majority of drivers are operating their vehicles at or below the 85th percentile speed.
Drivers that operate their vehicle at speeds higher than the 85th percentile speed should be
the focus of the police as excessive speed is often a factor in a vehicle collision.
A comprehensive review of the collision history on a roadway is another important
element in· the process to establish a speed limit. In the collision analysis, factors such as
collision frequency, type, severity, road conditions, road geometry, lighting conditions,
and spatial distribution of the collisions are all considered. The review of collisions will
also reveal if there is a high incidence of speed-related collisions on the road at specific
locations. However, absent a significant collision history attributed to speed, it may be
concluded that drivers are operating their vehicle in a reasonable and prudent manner at
the speed they choose to drive.
Speed limits should not be lowered for conditions that are readily apparent to the driver
and the speed limit signs should not be used as intersection, curve or hazard warning
devices. For unusual conditions or conditions not readily apparent to motor vehicle
operators, appropriate warning signs can be installed.
Voluntary public compliance with the posted speed limit is the goal when determining a
realistic prima facie speed limit to post on a roadway. The realistic speed limit takes into
consideration the normally competent and careful actions of a reasonable driver and
provides for the regulation of unreasonable behavior by a few individuals. A posted speed
limit should be readily accepted by drivers, be fair and reasonable, be related to risk on
the roadway, be determined by the majority of drivers, and one that has a factual
foundation. Posted speed limits reflect a balance of the various factors specific to the
roadway. As a result, roadway safety can be improved and community concerns about
traffic speed are appropriately and legally addressed.
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CITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF:
( continued)
November 7, 2011
BASIS OF ACTION:
ITEMNO.6A
The proposed speed limit for the road segment discussed in this report is regulated by
section 22357(a) of the California Vehicle Code: "Whenever a local authority determines
upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that a speed greater than 25 miles per
hour would facilitate the orderly movement of vehicular traffic and would be reasonable
and safe upon any street other than a state highway otherwise subject to a prima facie
limit of 25 miles per hour, the local authority may by ordinance determine and declare a
prima facie speed limit of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 miles per hour or a maximum
speed limit of 65 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate to facilitate the
orderly movement of traffic and is reasonable and safe. The declared prima facie or
maximum speed limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are
erected upon the street and shall not thereafter be revised except upon the basis of an
engineering and traffic survey. This section does not apply to any 25 mile per hour prima
facie limit which is applicable when passing a school building or the grounds thereof or
when passing a senior center or other facility primarily used by senior citizens."
DATA:
The subject portion of La Costa A venue is approximately two miles in length and is
classified as a Secondary Arterial in the Circulation Element of the Carlsbad General
Plan. The road follows a curvilinear alignment with grades ranging from 1 % to 8% and
has a curb-to-curb width of 64 feet. There are two traffic lanes in each direction between
El Camino Real and Fairway Lane and between Levante Street and Rancho Santa Fe
Road. The portion of La Costa A venue between Fairway Lane and Romeria Street
features a single westbound traffic lane and two eastbound traffic lanes. The portion of
La Costa A venue between Romeria Street and Levante Street features a single eastbound
traffic lane and two westbound traffic lanes. A two-way left tum lane exists along the
length of La Costa A venue to provide left tum access. Traffic signals control traffic on
La Costa Avenue at El Camino Real, Viejo Castilla Way, Romeria Street, Cadencia
Street and Rancho Santa Fe Road. The other intersections are minor-street STOP
controlled.
Surrounding land use is primarily residential with multiple, closely-spaced residential
driveways directly accessing La Costa A venue. Due to resident concerns and a recent
lawsuit involving an injury accident on La Costa A venue, staff recently implemented an
interim striping plan on La Costa Avenue to improve traffic safety. As part of this effort,
warning signs stating "ENTERING RESIDENTIAL AREA" and "WATCH FOR
DRIVEWAYS" were posted in areas where residential driveways exist. Speed feedback
signs which display vehicle speeds to approaching drivers were installed in an effort to
reduce vehicle speeds. The interim striping plan reduced the number of westbound travel
lanes between Fairway Lane and Romeria Street from two to one in order to improve
sight distance from the residential driveways that exist on the north side of La Costa
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CITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF:
( continued)
November 7, 2011 ITEMNO.6A
A venue west of Romeria Street. The removed travel lane was replaced with a bicycle
lane and buffer area and on-street parking was restricted in some areas to enhance sight
distance. Staff also restricted on-street parking in selected areas on the south side of La
Costa A venue east of Romeria Street to enhance sight distance.
Traffic counts were obtained on La Costa Avenue on September 15, 2011 to determine
the two-way, 24-hour average daily traffic volume. The recent count data is indicated on
Table A.
TABLE A
24-HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES
24-HourADT
Date Location EB WB Total
9/15/11 w/o Fairway Lane 8,579 8,682 17,261
9/15/11 w/o Cadencia Street 6,413 5,643 12,056
Staff reviewed the Police Department traffic collision reports for the two-year period
from September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2011. In that period, there have been 25
reported collisions on the subject segment of La Costa A venue, of which six were speed-
related.
Staff conducted speed surveys on La Costa A venue to determine the 85th percentile
speed. As stated previously, the 85th percentile speed, commonly called the critical
speed, is the speed at which 85 percent of the vehicles are traveling at or below. A sample
of 100 vehicles was measured to calculate the 85 th percentile speed.
TABLEB
SPEED SURVEY DATA
Critical Pace
Survey Speed Speed %in
Date Location Direction (MPH) (MPH) Pace
9/13/11 900' w/o Nueva Castilla Way EB/WB 45 39-49 90%
9/13/11 140' w/o Calle Madero EB/WB 46 38-48 91%
9/27/11 325' e/o Quinta Street EB/WB 46 37-47 83%
9/13/11 270' w/o Viejo Castilla Way EB/WB 44 37-47 88%
The pace speed is the 10 mile per hour range of speeds that contain the highest number of
observed vehicles.
Page 4
CITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF:
( continued)
November 7, 2011 ITEMNO.6A
The California MUTCD requires that the speed limit be established at the nearest 5 mile
per hour increment of the 85th percentile and that a 5 mile per hour reduction may be
applied if the conditions and justification for the lower speed limit are documented in the
Engineering and Traffic Survey and approved by a registered Civil or Traffic Engineer.
Staff concludes that the nearest 5 mile per hour increment of the 85th percentile speed is
45 miles per hour and that a 5 mile per hour reduction is justified based on the number of
residential homes directly accessing La Costa A venue and the limited sight distance
available at some of the residential driveways.
A court settlement related to case number 37-2009-00051045-CU-PA-NC included
evidence that sections of La Costa A venue did not have adequate sight distance and this
may have directly contributed to the collision of record. As a result, the City of Carlsbad
City Council directed staff to identify solutions to enhance sight distance. In July and
August of 2011 , staff implemented the interim striping plan, which was augmented by the
installation of warning signs and speed feedback signs. However, the minimum stopping
sight distance of 360 feet recommended for a vehicle speed of 45 miles per hour was not
completely achieved at all locations and these locations are not readily apparent to the
driver. Application of a 5 mile per hour reduction to the nearest increment of the 85th
percentile speed would result in a posted speed limit of 40 miles per hour on this portion
of La Costa A venue. At this speed of 40 miles per hour, the minimum recommended
stopping sight distance of 300 feet would be satisfied at all of the residential driveways
on La Costa A venue and would significantly reduce the liability of the local jurisdiction.
Based on these findings, the Traffic Safety Coordinating Committee recommends that a
speed limit of 40 miles per hour be established on La Costa A venue between 1,000 feet
east of El Camino Real and Rancho Santa Fe Road.
Sections 22357 and 22358 of the California Vehicle Code authorize local authorities to
establish a prima facie speed limit on the basis of the results of an Engineering and
Traffic Survey. The Engineering and Traffic Survey considers such factors as the number
of collisions that have occurred on the road segment, roadway features, adjacent land
uses, driveway locations, traffic volumes, p'edestrian volumes, critical speed, horizontal
and vertical alignment, stopping sight distance, and conditions that may not be readily
apparent to the driver.
RECOMMENDATION:
Based upon the results of the Engineering and Traffic Survey, the Traffic Safety
Coordinating Committee recommends revising the prima facie speed limit upon La Costa
Avenue, from 1,000 feet east of El Camino Real to Rancho Santa Fe Road, from 45 to 40
Page 5
CITY OF CARLSBAD
TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
COMMISSION MEETING OF:
( continued)
November 7, 2011
miles per hour.
NECESSARY CITY COUNCIL ACTION:
ITEMNO.6A
An ordinance will be required to be adopted by the City Council to revise the prima facie
speed limit upon La Costa A venue as recommended.
Page 6
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5
CITY OF CARLSBAD
ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC SURVEY
STREET: La Costa Avenue
LIMITS : 1,000 Feet East of El Camino Real to Rancho Santa Fe Road
FACTORS
A. Prevailing Speed Data: Direction: Direction: Direction: Direction:
Eastbound/Westbound Eastbound/Westbound Eastbound/Westbound Eastbound/Westbound
Date of Speed Survey 09/13/11 09/13/11 09/27/11 09/13/11
Location of Speed Survey 900' w/o Nueva Castilla Way 140' w/o Calle Madero 325' e/o Quinta Street 270' w/o Viejo Castilla
85th Percentile 45 MPH 46 MPH 46 MPH 44 MPH
10 MPH Pace 39 to 49 MPH 38 to 48 MPH 37 to 47, 38 to 48 MPH 37 to 47 MPH
Percent in Pace 90% 91% 83% 88%
Posted Soeed Limit 45MPH 45 MPH 45MPH 45 MPH
B. Accident Histo!}'.:
(9/01 /09 through 8/31 /11)
Speed-Related Accidents 6
Pedestrian and/or Bicyclist Accidents 1
Total Accidents 25
C. Traffic Factors:
Average Daily Traffic 17,300 -West of Fairway Lane (9/15/11); 12,100 -West of Cadencia Street (9/15/11)
Traffic Controls Traffic Signals at Rancho Santa Fe Road, Cadencia Street, Romeria Street, & Viejo Castilla Way
Pedestrian/Bicycle Traffic Moderate
Bicycle Lanes Bicycle Lane on Entire North Side and East of Romeria Street on South Side
On-Street Parking Parking Prohibited at Various Locations Along Roadway Segment
Other Bike Route per Circulation Element of the General Plan; Not A Truck Route
D. Roadwal£ Factors:
Street Classification Secondary Arterial
Length of Segment 2.03 Mi.
Roadway Width 64 Feet (Curb-to-Curb)
Number of Lanes 3 to 4 Lanes
Vertical Alignment Roadway Grades Vary from 1% to 7.7%
Horizontal Alignment Curvilinear
Sidewalks Approximately 25 Feet of Sidewalk Missing on North Side and 4,630 Feet on South Side
Driveways Numerous Closely-Spaced Residential Driveways
Street Liahtina Limited Street Lighting
E. Special Conditions: This portion of La Costa Avenue connects two prime arterials, Rancho Santa Fe Road and El Camino Real,
and has numerous, closely-spaced, residential driveways. Advanced warning signs advise westbound motorists of the intersections
at Dehesa Court and Gibraltar Street. Advanced warning signs and signs showing an advisory speed lower than the posted speed
limit have been installed advising motorists of a curve in the roadway west of Fairway Lane. Three ENTERING RESIDENTIAL
AREA warning signs and five WATCH FOR DRIVEWAYS warning signs have been posted along the roadway. Advisory speed
signs of 35 and 40 MPH accompany the driveway warning signs at locations where existing sight distance from driveways is less
than the posted speed limit of 45 miles per hour. Two radar speed-feedback signs have been installed for westbound motorists and
one for eastbound motorists. A Two-Way Left-Turn Lane divides the travel lanes for most of the segment. Several oversize SPEED
LIMIT 45 signs have been posted throughout the segment with pavement legends reflecting the speed limit in each adjacent travel
lane. Signs stating RADAR ENFORCED are located below three of the six speed limit signs for westbound motorists and two of
the six speed limit siqns for eastbound motorists.
F. Adiacent Land Uses: Golf Course, Sinale-Family and Multi-Familv Residential
G. Remarks/Conditions Not Readilll Apparent: The horizontal and vertical alignment of the roadway limits sight distance at some
driveways and intersections. A court settlement related to case number 37-2009-00051045-CU-PA-NC included evidence that a
specific section of La Costa Avenue did not have adequate sight distance and this may have directly contributed to the collision of
record. A 5 mile oer hour reduction shall be aoolied to ensure that adeauate siaht distance is available to all road users.
H. Traffic Engineer's Recommendation (Explanation): This speed zone satisfies the conditions of Section 627 of the California
Vehicle Code and has been prepared and evaluated in accordance with the Caltrans Traffic Operations Policy Directive 09-04
effective July 1, 2009 and the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices with respect to design and prevailing speeds,
accident records, pedestrian and bicyclist safety, intersection and driveway spacing, and roadside and traffic conditions not readily
apparent to the driver. A speed limit postina of 40 MPH is found to be aooropriate and justified.
I. Approvals:
□ Recertification of existing speed zone per Sections 22357, 22358 and 40802 of the California Vehicle Code.
□ Establishment of new speed zone.
Approved
Bryan D. Jones TE, PTP, AICP Date
Deputy Director/City Traffic Engineer
CA TR2229
NOTE: Appropriate speed survey(s) 1s /are attached hereto and made a part hereof.
DATE: 9/13/11 TIME: 9:25 AM TO
WEATHER: Overcast & Mild
CITY OF CARLSBAD
SPEED SURVEY
9:50AM TOTAL VEHICLES:
CRITICAL SPEED:
LOCATION: La Costa Avenue-900' w/o Nueva Castilla Way VEHICLES IN PACE:
OBSERVER/RECORDER: J. Gale PACE SPEED(S): ---------
45 MPH
POSTED SPEED LIMIT
EASTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH # % :E # % %tile % #
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49 X X
48 X X X X
47
46 X X
45 X X X X X
44 X X X X
43 X X X X X X X X
42 X X X X X X X
41 X X X X X X X X
40 X X
39 X X X
38 X X
37 X X
36 X
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
1 1 100 2 1
2 4 2 2 99
4 8 5 5 97 2 1
1 1 92 2 1
2 4 6 6 91 8 4
5 10 11 11 85 12 6
4 8 9 9 74 10 5
8 16 14 14 65 12 6
7 14 15 15 51 16 8
8 16 15 15 36 14 7
2 4 7 7 21 10 5
3 6 7 7 14 8 4
2 4 3 3 7 2 1
2 4 3 3 4 2 1
1 2 1 1 1
Transportation Department
Traffic Division
100
45 MPH
90 % -----------
39 TO 49 MPH
WESTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
X 50
49
X 48
X 47
X X X X 46
X X X X X X 45
X X X X X 44
X X X X X X 43
X X X X X X X X 42
X X X X X X X 41
X X X X X 40
X X X X 39
X 38
X 37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
I 27
26
25
24
23
22
21
DATE: 9/13/11 TIME: 1:55 PM TO
WEATHER: Sunny & Warm
CITY OF CARLSBAD
SPEED SURVEY
2:30 PM TOTAL VEHICLES:
CRITICAL SPEED:
LOCATION : La Costa Avenue~140' w/o Calle Madero VEHICLES IN PACE:
OBSERVER/RECORDER: J. Gale PACE SPEED(S): ---------
45 MPH
POSTED SPEED LIMIT
EASTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH # % E # % %tile % #
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51 X
50
49 X
48 X
47 X X
46 X X X X X X
45 X X X X X X X
44 X X X
43 X X X X X X X
42 X X X X X
41 X X X X X X
40 X X X
39 X X
38 X X X X X
37 X
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
1 1 100 2 1
99
1 1 99 2 1
1 2 1 1 98
97
1 2 3 3 97 4 2
1 2 2 2 94 2 1
2 4 6 6 92 8 4
6 12 12 12 86 12 6
7 14 14 14 74 14 7
3 6 8 8 60 10 5
7 14 15 15 52 16 8
5 10 9 9 37 8 4
6 12 11 11 28 10 5
3 6 7 7 17 8 4
2 4 2 2 10
5 10 7 7 8 4 2
1 2 1 1 1
Transportation Department
Traffic Division
100
_____ 4~6 ____ MPH
91 % -----------
38 TO 48 MPH -----
WESTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
X 54
53
X 52
51
50
X X 49
X 48
X X X X 47
X X X X X X 46
X X X X X X X 45
X X X X X 44
X X X X X X X X 43
X X X X 42
X X X X X 41
X X X X 40
39
X X 38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
DATE: 9/27/11 TIME: 10:10 AM TO
WEATHER: Sunny & Mild
CITY OF CARLSBAD
SPEED SURVEY
10:45 AM TOTAL VEHICLES:
CRITICAL SPEED:
LOCATION: La Costa Avenue~325' e/o Quinta Street VEHICLES IN PACE:
OBSERVER/RECORDER: J. Gale PACE SPEED(S): ---------
45 MPH
POSTED SPEED LIMIT
WESTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH # % I: # % %tile % #
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50 X
49
48 X
47 X X X
46 X X X
45 X X X X X X
44 X X X X X
43 X X X X X
42 X X X X
41 X X X X X
40 X X X X
39 X X X X
38 X X X
37 X X
36 X
35 X X X
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
1 2 1 1 100
2 2 99 4 2
1 2 3 3 97 4 2
3 6 4 4 94 2 1
3 6 6 6 90 6 3
6 12 10 10 84 8 4
5 10 9 9 74 8 4
5 10 12 12 65 14 7
4 8 11 11 53 14 7
5 10 8 8 42 6 3
4 8 8 8 34 8 4
4 8 8 8 26 8 4
3 6 7 7 18 8 4
2 4 4 4 11 4 2
1 2 1 1 7
3 6 3 3 6
1 1 3 2 1
2 2 2 4 2
Transportation Department
Traffic Division
100
46 MPH _____ _..;;... ____ _
83 % -----------
37 TO 47 MPH -----
38 TO 48 MPH
EASTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
X X 49
X X 48
X 47
X X X 46
X X X X 45
X X X X 44
X X X X X X X 43
X X X X X X X 42
X X X 41
X X X X 40
X X X X 39
X X X X 38
X X 37
36
35
X 34
X X 33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
DATE: 9/13/11 TIME: 2:35 PM TO
WEATHER: Sunny & Warm
CITY OF CARLSBAD
SPEED SURVEY
3:10 PM TOTAL VEHICLES:
CRITICAL SPEED:
LOCATION: La Costa Avenue-270' w/o Viejo Castilla Way VEHICLES IN PACE:
OBSERVER/RECORDER: J. Gale PACE SPEED(S): ----------
45 MPH
POSTED SPEED LIMIT
EASTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH # % !: # % %tile % #
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48 X
47 X X
46 X X
45 X X X
44 X X X X X X
43 X X
42 X X X X X X
41 X X X X X
40 X X X
39 X X X X X X X X X
38 X X X X X
37 X X X X X
36
35 X
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
1 2 1 1 100
2 4 3 3 99 2 1
2 4 6 6 96 8 4
3 6 4 4 90 2 1
6 12 8 8 86 4 2
2 4 7 7 78 10 5
6 12 14 14 71 16 8
5 10 9 9 57 8 4
3 6 11 11 48 16 8
9 18 12 12 37 6 3
5 10 9 9 25 8 4
5 10 8 8 16 6 3
2 2 8 4 2
1 2 5 5 6 8 4
1 1 1 2 1
Transportation Department
Traffic Division
100
44 MPH
88 % -----------
37 TO 47 MPH
WESTBOUND
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
MPH
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
X 47
X X X X 46
X 45
X X 44
X X X X X 43
X X X X X X X X 42
X X X X 41
X X X X X X X X 40
X X X 39
X X X X 38
X X X 37
X X ·36
X X X X 35
X 34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21